Saudi ‘Satellite’ Shift: From ‘Devil’s Street’ to Visual Clutter

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Saudi ‘Satellite’ Shift: From ‘Devil’s Street’ to Visual Clutter

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Saudi Arabia still reverberates with the warnings issued in the early 1990s by a prominent figure of the Sahwa movement against the risks posed by satellite dishes, known locally as “dish.”
Ghazi al-Qusaibi, the late Saudi minister and intellectual, fiercely opposed them, viewing them as a significant threat.
These lectures, promoted by leaders of the Sahwa movement, cautioned about the dangers of satellite dishes and resulted in a religious decree declaring them forbidden.
The fatwa explicitly prohibited the ownership, promotion, sale, or purchase of these satellite dishes, condemning such actions as complicity in sin and aggression.
The fatwa caused social rifts among Saudi families. Some decrees even made selling property to anyone intending to install a satellite dish forbidden. There are also reports of people having used air rifles to shoot down satellites mounted on rooftops.
In Riyadh’s Sulaimaniyah district, a street intersecting with Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Street, known as “Tahlia Street,” has been dubbed “Devil’s Street” due to its satellite dish retailers. This has driven some to buy and watch satellite TV channels in secret.
After three decades of societal debates around satellite dishes, they have now been added to a list of 19 violations that can block the issuance of a “Building Compliance Certificate.”
This is especially the case if they are mounted on balconies or cover the entire front of buildings facing commercial streets.
The requirement to remove satellite dishes from balconies and commercial building facades aims to improve the visual appeal of buildings and streets.
The Certificate proves that buildings meet minimum standards for visual aesthetics and municipal building regulations.
This has led the Eastern Region Municipality to incentivize residents to remove satellite dishes in exchange for free channel subscriptions in partnership with Saudi Telecom Company (STC).
The initiative is aimed at addressing visual clutter.
In the early 1990s, satellite dishes began appearing in Saudi Arabia, although the exact starting point isn’t officially documented. Their spread sparked mixed reactions: some welcomed them, paying hefty sums to access international and Arab satellite channels, while others opposed them for various reasons, including religious concerns.
Before satellite dishes, Saudis relied solely on government-run terrestrial TV channels from around mid-1965. The shift to satellite broadcasting in the early 1990s, unofficially starting with CNN’s coverage during the Gulf War in 1990, opened doors to a wide array of Arab and international channels.
Accessing these required installing satellite dishes, transforming Saudi viewership by offering unlimited content for those with a receiver and dish.
Nowadays, however, digital alternatives have diminished the demand for satellite dishes.
Faisal, 42, from Saudi Arabia’s Eastern region told Asharq Al-Awsat: “I got rid of my satellite dish and receiver six years ago when digital options became more dynamic.”
“I now happily subscribe to online movie streaming services, as many channels I used to watch via satellite now offer content online (...). Honestly, I can't imagine wasting time channel surfing with a remote anymore,” he explained.
Abdul Khaliq, 50, an architect from Jeddah west of Saudi Arabia, highlighted that as the need for satellite dishes wanes and reliable internet broadcasting becomes available, efforts should focus on “removing satellite dishes and the clutter of wiring on building walls, villas, and balconies, which detract from urban aesthetics.”
He emphasized the importance of municipal strategies to maintain city cleanliness and enhance public appearance, aligning with architectural and engineering advancements in the country.
“This should also aim to reduce environmental pollution and raise awareness among the community about protecting and preserving the environment from all forms of pollution and degradation,” stressed Abdul Khaliq.



Muddy Footprints Suggest 2 Species of Early Humans Were Neighbors in Kenya 1.5 Million Years Ago

An aerial view shows a research team standing alongside the fossil footprint trackway at the excavation site on the eastern side of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya in 2022. AP
An aerial view shows a research team standing alongside the fossil footprint trackway at the excavation site on the eastern side of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya in 2022. AP
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Muddy Footprints Suggest 2 Species of Early Humans Were Neighbors in Kenya 1.5 Million Years Ago

An aerial view shows a research team standing alongside the fossil footprint trackway at the excavation site on the eastern side of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya in 2022. AP
An aerial view shows a research team standing alongside the fossil footprint trackway at the excavation site on the eastern side of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya in 2022. AP

Muddy footprints left on a Kenyan lakeside suggest two of our early human ancestors were nearby neighbors some 1.5 million years ago.
The footprints were left in the mud by two different species “within a matter of hours, or at most days,” said paleontologist Louise Leakey, co-author of the research published Thursday in the journal Science.
Scientists previously knew from fossil remains that these two extinct branches of the human evolutionary tree – called Homo erectus and Paranthropus boisei – lived about the same time in the Turkana Basin.
But dating fossils is not exact. “It’s plus or minus a few thousand years,” said paleontologist William Harcourt-Smith of Lehman College and the American Museum of Natural History in New York, who was not involved in the study.
Yet with fossil footprints, “there’s an actual moment in time preserved,” he said. “It’s an amazing discovery.”
The tracks of fossil footprints were uncovered in 2021 in what is today Koobi Fora, Kenya, said Leaky, who is based at New York's Stony Brook University.
Whether the two individuals passed by the eastern side of Lake Turkana at the same time – or a day or two apart – they likely knew of each other’s existence, said study co-author Kevin Hatala, a paleoanthropologist at Chatham University in Pittsburgh.
“They probably saw each other, probably knew each other was there and probably influenced each other in some way,” The Associated Press quoted him as saying.
Scientists were able to distinguish between the two species because of the shape of the footprints, which holds clues to the anatomy of the foot and how it’s being used.
H. erectus appeared to be walking similar to how modern humans walk – striking the ground heel first, then rolling weight over the ball of the foot and toes and pushing off again.
The other species, which was also walking upright, was moving “in a different way from anything else we’ve seen before, anywhere else,” said co-author Erin Marie Williams-Hatala, a human evolutionary anatomist at Chatham.
Among other details, the footprints suggest more mobility in their big toe, compared to H. erectus or modern humans, said Hatala.
Our common primate ancestors probably had hands and feet adapted for grasping branches, but over time the feet of human ancestors evolved to enable walking upright, researchers say.
The new study adds to a growing body of research that implies this transformation to bipedalism – walking on two feet — didn’t happen at a single moment, in a single way.
Rather, there may have been a variety of ways that early humans learned to walk, run, stumble and slide on prehistoric muddy slopes.
“It turns out, there are different gait mechanics – different ways of being bipedal,” said Harcourt-Smith.