Israel Imposes Closure on West Bank, Gaza as Jewish Holidays Approach

An Israeli soldier at a crossing in Hebron in the West Bank on August 22, 2023. (Reuters)
An Israeli soldier at a crossing in Hebron in the West Bank on August 22, 2023. (Reuters)
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Israel Imposes Closure on West Bank, Gaza as Jewish Holidays Approach

An Israeli soldier at a crossing in Hebron in the West Bank on August 22, 2023. (Reuters)
An Israeli soldier at a crossing in Hebron in the West Bank on August 22, 2023. (Reuters)

The Israeli military announced Thursday it will impose a three-day total closure on Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip during the upcoming Jewish New Year holiday, starting on Friday.

The closure, which follows "an instruction by the political echelon," will begin right after midnight Friday and will be lifted before midnight Sunday, according to a statement released by the military.

The observation of the new year highlights the beginning of a period of Jewish holidays this month and in October.

The occupation forces impose a full closure on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip on September 24 marking the Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement). Also, it closes all the crossings leading to the West Bank and the Gaza Strip on the Sukkot from September 29 until October 7.

This measure would prevent access to Israel and movements from and to the Gaza Strip. This closure would also include border crossings with Jordan and a change in their operating hours.

In this context, the General Administration of Crossings and Borders announced amending Al-Karama border crossing operating hours on Sunday.

The crossing border will operate both ways from 8:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. due to the Jewish holidays. On Saturday, the 23rd of September, it would be open from 8:00 a.m. until 12:30 noon, while it will be fully closed on Sunday the 24th of the same month until Tuesday.

The closure of the Al-Karama border crossing means that the Palestinians will be banned from traveling from and to Jordan.

Israel often imposes a closure on the West Bank on holidays and bans the Palestinians’ entry except for those who have permits. It also tightens restrictions on the exceptions.

Thousands of Palestinians work in the West Bank including doctors and businessmen. This closure includes all the crossings of Gaza and the halt of imports and exports to the Strip.

Israel says that it aims to avoid any Palestinian operations while the Israelis are celebrating their holidays.

The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates denounced the closures, considering them harmful to the Palestinian economy.

It described the closures in a statement as “a blatant use of religious events for colonial purposes in an effort to mislead world public opinion by blaming the victim while acquitting the executioner, not to mention the economic and social harm they cause to our people.”



Lebanon’s Rocky Terrain Makes Tunnel Digging Easy for Hezbollah

Entrance to a border tunnel destroyed by the Israeli army at the Lebanon border in 2019 (AFP)
Entrance to a border tunnel destroyed by the Israeli army at the Lebanon border in 2019 (AFP)
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Lebanon’s Rocky Terrain Makes Tunnel Digging Easy for Hezbollah

Entrance to a border tunnel destroyed by the Israeli army at the Lebanon border in 2019 (AFP)
Entrance to a border tunnel destroyed by the Israeli army at the Lebanon border in 2019 (AFP)

Hezbollah is using Lebanon’s rocky landscape to dig tunnels in mountains and valleys, aiming to hide from Israeli airstrikes and launch attacks from what are considered safe areas.

Due to limited details on how these tunnels are built or their specific purposes, experts believe Hezbollah uses this method as an alternative to open combat under Israeli aircraft.

Retired Brig. Gen. Fadi Daoud told Asharq Al-Awsat that Hezbollah’s tunnel strategy forces Israel into difficult underground warfare, a challenging type of combat in military terms.

Daoud explained that tunnel networks “take away key advantages from the enemy.”

“Even though the Israeli military has a powerful air force for reconnaissance and airstrikes, tunnels prevent them from seeing targets. This has reduced the effectiveness of the air force and limits its ability to maneuver,” said Daoud.

He also noted that the Israeli military is prepared for tunnel warfare, with weapons like the Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB) bomb, sponge bombs, and Bunker Buster bombs, which can destroy tunnels up to 60 meters deep. However, using these weapons depends on the situation.

Regarding Hezbollah’s tunnel network, Daoud mentioned that while there isn’t exact information, it is believed that the area from the border to seven kilometers inside Lebanon is likely covered by an underground tunnel system.

This is why Israel wants Hezbollah pushed beyond the Litani River, as it thinks there are no tunnels beyond that point. However, Daoud emphasized that these are only estimates, and no one has confirmed information.

Israeli studies suggest that Hezbollah has built a complex underground tunnel network in Lebanon, stretching for several kilometers.

These reports highlight how Hezbollah benefits from Lebanon’s natural landscape, which makes tunneling easier. Modern tunneling equipment is expensive and not widely available, even to the Lebanese government, with some tunnels taking years to complete.

Dr. Tony Nemer, a geology and seismology expert at the American University of Beirut, explained that Lebanon's rocks are mainly limestone.

When exposed to water containing carbon dioxide, the rocks form carbonic acid, which can hollow out the limestone. This natural process has led to the formation of many caves in Lebanon.

Nemer pointed out that the karstic nature of these rocks makes digging tunnels easier.

He noted that while most of Lebanon’s rocks are limestone, there are also some sandy and volcanic rocks, but these make up only 15%-20% of the country’s terrain.