Lebanese Front’s Tunnels Used for Defense, Attack and Launching Missiles

In 2019, Israeli forces searched for attack tunnels dug in southern Lebanon that extend into Israel (Israeli Ministry of Defense)
In 2019, Israeli forces searched for attack tunnels dug in southern Lebanon that extend into Israel (Israeli Ministry of Defense)
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Lebanese Front’s Tunnels Used for Defense, Attack and Launching Missiles

In 2019, Israeli forces searched for attack tunnels dug in southern Lebanon that extend into Israel (Israeli Ministry of Defense)
In 2019, Israeli forces searched for attack tunnels dug in southern Lebanon that extend into Israel (Israeli Ministry of Defense)

Lebanon’s Iran-backed Hezbollah group faces Israeli air superiority and technological capabilities by going underground. The group has built a massive and complex network of tunnels in the South, the southern suburbs of Beirut, and the Bekaa regions.
The ongoing clashes between Hezbollah and the Israeli army on the southern Lebanese border, which erupted in October, has brought back the spotlight on these tunnels, which have been shown to be divided into 3 types.
The first are defensive tunnels that allow the party’s fighters to take shelter from aircraft raids. The second are offensive tunnels that the Israeli army said it destroyed in 2019, and the third group consists of small tunnels to hide rocket launchers and which appeared in one of the video clips broadcast by Hezbollah’s military media last month.
According to Israeli reports, Hezbollah started digging tunnels in the 1980s and 1990s, but those remained far from the border with Israel. However, in 2006, the Israeli media showed a tunnel that the Israeli army discovered during the July war inside Lebanese territory, and quoted officials as saying that the party’s construction of cross-border tunnels began before the start of the Second Lebanon War in 2006.
Concerned about tunnels extending into Israeli territory, Israeli authorities launched a campaign in 2018 to destroy this infrastructure, and announced in 2019, the end of its operation to raze all of Hezbollah’s cross-border attack tunnels.
The last tunnel that Israel destroyed stretched along 800 meters. The Israeli army said the tunnel extended over dozens of meters into Israel, and was dug to a depth of 55 meters, making it the deepest tunnel discovered by the army. The tunnel was equipped with electricity, had a railway to transport equipment and waste, exit stairs and other elements that made it more advanced than other passageways that were uncovered.
In 2020, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the participation of the Israeli army, organized a field tour for 12 diplomats from UN Security Council member states, to show them the tunnel on the northern border with Lebanon.
Since the eruption of war on Oct. 8, Lebanese sources have confirmed that the Israeli army used bunker-piercing bombs to destroy tunnels suspected of being built by the party in the border area.
A report issued by the Alma-Israel Research Center said that after the 2006 Lebanon War, the party established a defensive plan to confront any possible Israeli invasion, with dozens of operations centers equipped with local underground networks and tunnels.
In addition to the previous two types of tunnels, Hezbollah media revealed a third category. Last month, the party’s media presented a report on the party’s artillery and weapons, and one of the clips showed a rocket launcher rising from the ground and launching a missile, indicating that the party hides these platforms underground.

 



Report: UK, Italy Among States Considered to Verify Hezbollah Disarmament

A photograph taken from the southern Lebanese village of Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh shows Israeli tanks as they maneuver in the nearby village of Zawtar al-Sharkiyeh on August 8, 2026. (AFP)
A photograph taken from the southern Lebanese village of Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh shows Israeli tanks as they maneuver in the nearby village of Zawtar al-Sharkiyeh on August 8, 2026. (AFP)
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Report: UK, Italy Among States Considered to Verify Hezbollah Disarmament

A photograph taken from the southern Lebanese village of Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh shows Israeli tanks as they maneuver in the nearby village of Zawtar al-Sharkiyeh on August 8, 2026. (AFP)
A photograph taken from the southern Lebanese village of Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh shows Israeli tanks as they maneuver in the nearby village of Zawtar al-Sharkiyeh on August 8, 2026. (AFP)

Israel and Lebanon have agreed on Britain, Italy, Switzerland and Indonesia as potential contributors to a proposed mechanism that could see foreign troops deployed to Lebanon to verify Hezbollah's disarmament, people familiar with the matter said.

The shortlist emerged from US-mediated talks in Rome last week, the latest round of negotiations between Israel and Lebanon on implementing a June agreement that ties Israel's phased withdrawal from Lebanon to the disarmament of Hezbollah.

The countries could help define the mechanism's scope, provide personnel to oversee its implementation or contribute troops to observe or take part ‌in inspections ‌verifying disarmament, three sources said.

A Lebanese official told Reuters on ‌Friday ⁠that Israel and Lebanon ⁠had agreed on a list of potential countries that could send troops to verify disarmament, but declined to identify them, saying the US would decide which of them would take part.

Israel and Lebanon in late June agreed to a US-mediated framework as part of Washington's efforts to end the latest round of conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, triggered in March when the Iran-backed Lebanese armed group attacked Israel following US and Israeli war against Iran.

A ⁠source with direct knowledge of the matter said discussions surrounding ‌the shortlisted countries were in the early stages but ‌said that they were "cautiously optimistic" the effort would proceed.

The Israeli prime minister's office, the Lebanese ‌presidency and the British, Italian, and Indonesian foreign ministries did not immediately respond to requests ‌for comment. Switzerland's foreign ministry had no immediate comment.

ISRAEL SEEKING SEARCHES OF PRIVATE HOMES

Israel's military occupies what it describes as a security zone extending 10 kilometers into southern Lebanon and has said it will not withdraw unilaterally until Hezbollah is disarmed.

Two sources said that under the ‌proposed mechanism, villages in southern Lebanon would be inspected and verified as being free of weapons. Israel wants those inspections to ⁠include private homes, they ⁠said.

Lebanon's army has resisted pressure over the last year to search private properties, fearing such searches could spark tensions in the south and with Hezbollah more broadly. Security officials have told Reuters the army would need warrants for each house.

A foreign security official said the question of private properties would need addressing, including how and by whom they would be searched. The official said the extent of foreign troops' freedom of movement would also need to be clearly established.

A mandate for the presence of foreign troops in Lebanon would have to be agreed, the sources said, with the most likely scenario being that they would be formally invited by the Lebanese government under a framework endorsed by Israel.

The US and Israel were unlikely to accept UN involvement, the sources said, while European nations may oppose oversight by US President Donald Trump's Board of Peace.


Baghdad Moves to Encircle Positions Run by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Without Confrontation

A photo released by the Popular Mobilization Forces showing its members in the town of Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad, in 2014.
A photo released by the Popular Mobilization Forces showing its members in the town of Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad, in 2014.
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Baghdad Moves to Encircle Positions Run by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Without Confrontation

A photo released by the Popular Mobilization Forces showing its members in the town of Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad, in 2014.
A photo released by the Popular Mobilization Forces showing its members in the town of Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad, in 2014.

Iraqi sources revealed Wednesday details of a government plan to be implemented after the September 30, 2026 deadline for bringing weapons under state control expires. The plan includes "encircling leadership positions" of factions run by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), paving the way for their "gradual" dismantling.

Iranian officials are meanwhile seeking to obstruct or delay the plan, although Baghdad has "designed a course that does not lead to armed confrontation."

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi had previously set the end of next month as the deadline for the withdrawal of US forces from the country, as well as the deadline for bringing the weapons of armed factions under state control.

The "Encirclement Plan"

The sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that the government plan after September 30 calls for the deployment of regular army forces, Counter-Terrorism Service units, and elite units around the operational centers of armed factions and along roads leading to them, with the aim of restricting the movement of transport and supplies to and from these sites.

The sources said government forces would gradually establish checkpoints under the command of officers to monitor the movement of weapons and seize them, with a focus on drones and missiles.

According to the sources, the forces will begin imposing a tight security cordon around the armed factions’ operational centers without confrontation. The operation ultimately aims to push the factions "either to make a mistake, such as moving drones, to engage in armed confrontation, or to relinquish their positions to the official institution without firing a single shot."

A source familiar with sensitive discussions over the weapons of factions run by the IRGC said, "Government forces will gradually and systematically tighten restrictions around these sites until reaching a stage that allows them to impose control over them, something that has been difficult to do for years."

Military and political leaders reached this formula after discussions over a course that would spare both sides of the dispute over weapons outside state control from "military confrontation."

Field sources said, "Army and Counter-Terrorism Service forces had already begun earlier this week deploying a number of officers at monitoring checkpoints in several areas and on highways as a trial phase of the plan."

The sources confirmed that some of these checkpoints had "successfully intercepted shipments of drones headed to various locations in Iraqi areas over the past few weeks."

Jurf al-Sakhar and Jurf al-Nadaf

Asharq Al-Awsat learned that the plan is focused primarily on the sites of Jurf al-Sakhar, a stronghold of Kata’ib Hezbollah, and Jurf al-Nadaf, a stronghold of Harakat al-Nujaba, both south of Baghdad.

Jurf al-Sakhar has been one of the factions’ most important strongholds since 2014. It is believed to have become a strategic military base for the factions, containing camps, prisons, storage facilities, and missile and drone production facilities. Many, however, believe it is an operational center for Iran’s IRGC.

Jurf al-Nadaf, located on the southeastern outskirts of Baghdad near the Baghdad-Mada’in road, has emerged in recent years as a site containing headquarters and facilities belonging to the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) and armed factions affiliated with it.

Security attention has increased around the area because, according to Iraqi security sources, it is linked to facilities used to store weapons and ammunition, as well as military activity by Iran-aligned factions.

In July 2026, security sources said a joint security force raided a headquarters believed to belong to Harakat al-Nujaba in Jurf al-Nadaf. The site reportedly contained a drone manufacturing facility and had been used to launch drones targeting various locations.

Iraqi sources said, "Intelligence assessments indicated that the drone shipments that were seized, or those launched toward various targets, were connected to a command center at these sites."

Although the force involved in the raid included the Baghdad Operations Command, Federal Police, and the PMF Security Directorate, it withdrew without searching the site.

A political source familiar with the matter said, "The failure of the operation to storm the Jurf al-Nadaf headquarters gave military leaders sufficient insight to modify the plan from storming the headquarters to encircling them and restricting access to them."

Wider Deployment

The armed factions’ presence is not limited to Jurf al-Sakhar and Jurf al-Nadaf, both located southwest of Baghdad, but the two sites are receiving particular attention because of their strategic importance and proximity to the capital.

The factions also have positions in Tuz Khurmatu in Salahuddin province, north of Baghdad, and Amerli, also in Salahuddin province, as well as Camp Ashraf in Diyala province, northeast of Baghdad, and sites in the city of Kut, the capital of Wasit province, southeast of the capital.

According to a senior political official, the factions run by Iran’s IRGC have two main missions. The first is to establish positions very close to Baghdad to ensure the ability to intervene rapidly if necessary, which explains their extensive presence at multiple points and sites there.

The second mission is to tighten the pressure on Sunni areas by controlling their key geographic nodes, particularly those near the Syrian border.

The sources confirmed that "imposing a cordon and restricting movement around facilities belonging to factions run by the IRGC is part of a broader plan that includes removing all PMF brigades from all cities and redeploying them according to a plan determined by the military leadership independently of faction commanders."

A senior political official told Asharq Al-Awsat, "The government plan is designed to avoid armed confrontation with the factions. At an advanced stage, it also aims to bring the armed factions into serious negotiations with the authorities within a national framework over their status and the future of their members."

Iran Says "The Time Is Not Right"

So far, Kata’ib Hezbollah, Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada, and Harakat al-Nujaba, all allies of Iran, have refused to hand their weapons over to the state. Activists close to these groups say that "the Resistance Axis will not surrender its weapons even after the Americans withdraw," and have openly and defiantly called for "restricting the state’s weapons to the factions."

The government plan has raised concerns among Iranian officials over the fate of strategic weapons held by the factions, as well as command and control centers staffed by Iranian advisers affiliated with the IRGC.

According to two political sources, Iranian officials told leaders of the Coordination Framework alliance that the timing of the campaign was extremely unfavorable because the regional situation requires allies to hold on to their weapons, particularly in Iraq.

A political source close to the leader of an influential Shiite party said, "The latter tried to persuade the Iranians not to put further pressure on the prime minister, who is already under pressure from the Americans over the issue of weapons. The failure of this government would also mean the end of the Coordination Framework alliance and its fledgling government, which is facing a severe financial crisis."

The source added that "the Iranians are pressuring the Coordination Framework to push the government to postpone implementation of the plan," adding that "the factions will ultimately seek to buy time until the balance of power changes locally and regionally, and the locations of their military assets are changed."


Israeli Settlers Storm Al-Aqsa Mosque Under Military Protection

Israeli National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir visits the Al-Aqsa Mosque courtyard in Jerusalem on July 23, 2026 (Reuters)
Israeli National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir visits the Al-Aqsa Mosque courtyard in Jerusalem on July 23, 2026 (Reuters)
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Israeli Settlers Storm Al-Aqsa Mosque Under Military Protection

Israeli National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir visits the Al-Aqsa Mosque courtyard in Jerusalem on July 23, 2026 (Reuters)
Israeli National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir visits the Al-Aqsa Mosque courtyard in Jerusalem on July 23, 2026 (Reuters)

Dozens of Israeli settlers entered Al-Aqsa Mosque area in occupied Jerusalem on Wednesday through the Morocco Gate in several groups, making provocative visits to its courtyards under the protection of Israeli military forces, who continue to enforce strict military controls at the gates, blocking visitors and worshippers from entering, SPA reported.

Settlers also began expanding a settlement outpost north of Jerusalem, while attacks by Israeli military forces and settlers on Palestinian cities and towns increased to support settlement growth.

In a separate incident, several Palestinians suffered breathing problems from inhaling toxic gas during a raid by Israeli military forces on the market in Balata refugee camp, east of