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Arab World

Madrid Group Meets to Push for Two-State Solution

26 May 2025, Palestinian Territories, Gaza: Local residents survey the profound devastation inflicted upon the Fahmi Al-Jarjawi School by relentless Israeli airstrikes. Photo: Khasan Alzaanin/TASS via ZUMA Press/dpa
26 May 2025, Palestinian Territories, Gaza: Local residents survey the profound devastation inflicted upon the Fahmi Al-Jarjawi School by relentless Israeli airstrikes. Photo: Khasan Alzaanin/TASS via ZUMA Press/dpa
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Madrid Group Meets to Push for Two-State Solution

26 May 2025, Palestinian Territories, Gaza: Local residents survey the profound devastation inflicted upon the Fahmi Al-Jarjawi School by relentless Israeli airstrikes. Photo: Khasan Alzaanin/TASS via ZUMA Press/dpa
26 May 2025, Palestinian Territories, Gaza: Local residents survey the profound devastation inflicted upon the Fahmi Al-Jarjawi School by relentless Israeli airstrikes. Photo: Khasan Alzaanin/TASS via ZUMA Press/dpa

Spain’s capital hosted a high-level meeting on Sunday that brought together Arab and European foreign ministers in a renewed push to support a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

The summit, convened under the so-called “Madrid Group,” aimed to pressure Israel to halt its military campaign in Gaza, ensure unrestricted humanitarian access to the besieged enclave, and revive efforts toward the long-stalled two-state solution.

Countries attending the conference included Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Türkiye, Morocco, Jordan, Qatar, Bahrain, and members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Also taking part was the State of Palestine, which Spain formally recognized last year, a move other European countries, including France, are expected to follow as early as next month.

The meeting also gathered foreign ministers from major European nations such as Germany, France, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, Norway, Iceland, Slovenia, and Malta. Brazil’s foreign minister attended as well, saying upon arrival in Madrid that he was carrying a message from President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in support of efforts to achieve a two-state solution.

On his part, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez intensified diplomatic efforts in recent weeks ahead of Sunday’s landmark meeting in Madrid, which for the first time brings together major European and Islamic countries under the “Madrid Group” umbrella to deliver a strong message of support for a two-state solution and increase pressure on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Netanyahu and members of his government have lashed out at European leaders in recent days, accusing them of inciting violence against Jews following the killing of two Israeli embassy staff in Washington last week. France condemned Netanyahu’s comments as “outrageous.”

Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan arrived in Madrid on Saturday to take part in the expanded ministerial gathering on Gaza and the Madrid Group’s wider efforts to address the situation in the Palestinian territories and push for an international ceasefire.

In a statement, the Saudi Foreign Ministry said the talks will focus on the situation in Gaza and the West Bank, international efforts to end the war, and the urgent need to alleviate the humanitarian crisis in the enclave.

The meeting will also discuss preparations for a high-level international conference on the two-state solution, scheduled to take place at the United Nations headquarters in New York next month, co-chaired by Saudi Arabia and France, it added.

Earlier, the ministry said the ministerial committee formed by the Arab-Islamic summit on Gaza - headed by Prince Faisal and including Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty and Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi - met with French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot to discuss global efforts to halt the Israeli military campaign.

Abdelatty traveled to Madrid on Sunday to join the expanded ministerial meeting. Egypt’s Foreign Ministry said in a statement that discussions will cover international efforts to end the war in Gaza, the deepening humanitarian crisis, and ways to ensure access for humanitarian aid.

The talks will also explore building global support for recognizing Palestinian statehood and implementing the two-state solution as the only viable path to lasting peace in the Middle East.

Sources familiar with the talks told Asharq Al-Awsat that Madrid, in parallel with its diplomatic push, is seeking to deliver humanitarian and food aid to Gaza by air or by establishing an “EU-supervised humanitarian camp” in Rafah on the Egyptian border, proposals that continue to face resistance from Israel.

Spain, which officially recognized the State of Palestine last year, is also working to submit a draft resolution to the United Nations General Assembly calling on the International Court of Justice to mandate Israel to allow unrestricted aid entry into Gaza.

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Arab World

Iraq Arrests 38 Politicians and Government Officials in Green Zone Raids

A circulating image shows Iraqi Humvees at an entrance to the Green Zone at dawn Sunday
A circulating image shows Iraqi Humvees at an entrance to the Green Zone at dawn Sunday
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Iraq Arrests 38 Politicians and Government Officials in Green Zone Raids

A circulating image shows Iraqi Humvees at an entrance to the Green Zone at dawn Sunday
A circulating image shows Iraqi Humvees at an entrance to the Green Zone at dawn Sunday

Iraqi security forces arrested politicians, lawmakers and senior government officials early on Sunday after Elite Counter Terrorism Service (CTS) units raided their homes inside Baghdad's heavily fortified Green Zone, security sources told Asharq Al-Awsat.

The newspaper quoted an Iraqi official as saying that the number of detainees has reached 38.

The security sources said that the heaquarters of Midland Oil Company south of Baghdad were raided too.

A senior source quoted by ⁠state news ⁠agency INA said that some of the latest arrests were based on testimony provided by Adnan al-Jumaili, deputy oil minister for refining affairs, after his detention on corruption charges.

The source told INA that al-Jumaili's statements implicated a wider network of officials in alleged corruption schemes.

 

Iraqi security personnel are seen near a house in the Green Zone at dawn Sunday (X)

Sunday's operation was launched on direct orders from Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi, a government official told Asharq Al-Awsat.

An Iraqi official said earlier that an official statement will be made about the ⁠arrests.

Arab World

Iraq’s PM Sends Positive Signals Ahead of Trump Meeting

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali Al-Zaidi during his meeting with Iranian Ambassador Mohammad Kazem Al-Sadeq in Baghdad (Government media)
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali Al-Zaidi during his meeting with Iranian Ambassador Mohammad Kazem Al-Sadeq in Baghdad (Government media)
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Iraq’s PM Sends Positive Signals Ahead of Trump Meeting

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali Al-Zaidi during his meeting with Iranian Ambassador Mohammad Kazem Al-Sadeq in Baghdad (Government media)
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali Al-Zaidi during his meeting with Iranian Ambassador Mohammad Kazem Al-Sadeq in Baghdad (Government media)

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi has been sending positive signals to Washington ahead of a planned mid-July visit, as analysts say his government is trying to reorganize ties with the United States based on an economic and security partnership while preserving relations with Iran.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said Washington had recently received good and constructive signals from the Iraqi government on armed factions, in a reference to efforts to place weapons under state control and disarm armed groups.

In his latest remarks carried by state media, al-Zaidi urged armed factions to “preserve their history after contributing to the fight against terrorism, and to work through the state,” renewing his government’s rejection of “weapons outside official institutions.”

Al-Zaidi said his government sought a “strong economic partnership” with the US, while stressing that Baghdad’s ties with Tehran were “based on good neighborliness, respect and common interests, as is our relationship with all countries of the region.”

“Iraq does not accept dictates from any party, and the decision will always be made according to the interests of Iraqis first,” he said, adding that his government’s strategic direction was built on “a strong partnership with the US, starting from Iraq’s interest, and not at the expense of any other party.”

He said Iraq “does not follow a policy of blocs or hostility, and wants to be a space for communication and stability, not an arena for conflict,” in a reference to US-Iranian competition in Iraq.

On Iraq’s regional ties, al-Zaidi said the “Gulf Arab states represent a historical, cultural and social depth and a source of strength for Iraq.”

Balancing Iran

Al-Zaidi’s expected visit to Washington comes as Baghdad seeks to reshape its relationship with the US while maintaining balanced ties with Iran, amid regional shifts that followed this year’s Israel-Iran war.

Iraqi researcher Muhanad Seloom said al-Zaidi “is clearly seeking a strong partnership with the US at all levels,” calling the approach “good.”

Seloom said there was popular support for fighting corruption and restricting weapons to the state, giving the government the basic tools to move ahead despite the complexity of the issue of militias.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Seloom described Iranian as “negative.” He added that it was not in Iraq’s interest to enter into hostility with Iran, and that the US understood the special nature of Baghdad’s relationship with Tehran.

The ‘project to eliminate militias’

Political science professor Talib Muhammed Karim said al-Zaidi “is not going to Washington carrying a project to eliminate militias in the military sense, but rather a project to strengthen the state and restore its legitimate monopoly over the use of force.”

Karim told Asharq Al-Awsat that the wager was to build an internal consensus, backed by regional and international support, that would allow weapons to be gradually restricted to the state under the law.

He said Iranian influence was not confined to the security sphere, but extended to political, economic and social ties built up over more than two decades.

Reducing that influence, he said, would not come through a political decision or external pressure alone, but through stronger Iraqi state institutions, a more diversified economy and broader Arab and international partnerships. That, he said, would automatically reduce the impact of any outside influence.

Karim said the success of the Washington visit “will not be measured by whether there is a confrontation with armed factions,” but by Iraq’s ability to secure US and international backing for the state project, attract investment, strengthen the economy and expand security cooperation in ways that reinforce state sovereignty.

A shifting US view

Political science professor Abbas Abboud Salem offered a different reading, saying Iraq’s political system “cannot be reduced to the will of one person.” The post-2003 political scene, he said, is built on multiple competing political forces.

Salem told Asharq Al-Awsat that the silence of these forces does not mean they have given al-Zaidi a mandate to radically change Iraq’s policy.

What has changed most, he said, is the US view of Iraq. According to Salem, Washington moved from direct occupation to managing Iraq after the withdrawal as a zone of influence balanced with Iran, and then to seeking a return through direct influence amid regional geopolitical shifts.

Salem said these shifts were pushing Iraq to rebuild its alliance with the US in response to regional challenges and to reduce losses as the regional order is being reshaped.

Arab World

Hezbollah Links Ceasefire Stance to Iran Track

Hezbollah supporters wave flags during a march marking Ashura in Beirut’s southern suburbs (EPA)
Hezbollah supporters wave flags during a march marking Ashura in Beirut’s southern suburbs (EPA)
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Hezbollah Links Ceasefire Stance to Iran Track

Hezbollah supporters wave flags during a march marking Ashura in Beirut’s southern suburbs (EPA)
Hezbollah supporters wave flags during a march marking Ashura in Beirut’s southern suburbs (EPA)

Israeli escalation in southern Lebanon has slowed, but not stopped, as Hezbollah seeks to cement a two-track position: declaring commitment to the ceasefire while documenting Israeli violations.

The latest came Saturday, when Israel struck the outskirts of Nabatieh. The Israeli military said it targeted Hezbollah members who had approached its positions.

Despite continued Israeli strikes in the South and drone flights over Beirut’s southern suburbs, Hezbollah said after a strike near Zawtar al-Sharqiya that it remained committed to the ceasefire. It called the Israeli army’s actions a “flagrant violation” of the agreement and said it was documenting all Israeli breaches.

Hezbollah part of the Iranian track

Political writer Harith Suleiman said Hezbollah’s insistence that it remains committed to the ceasefire, while documenting Israeli violations, “does not reflect a position within the Lebanese track, but falls within the framework of understandings underway between Iran and the United States.”

He said the group was acting as part of that track.

“Hezbollah wants Iran, not Lebanon, to negotiate on its behalf,” Suleiman told Asharq Al-Awsat.

“It is trying to make Lebanon part of the negotiations between Iran and the United States, and to present the ceasefire as part of an understanding between America, Israel and Iran, not as part of the Lebanese track.”

“When Hezbollah says it is committed to the ceasefire while Israel is violating it, it is effectively sending a message to Iran. It is saying: The agreement we are part of is being violated, and you, together with the United States and Israel, must act. That is why Hezbollah is part of the Iranian track, not the Lebanese track.”

Commitment tied to Iran talks

Suleiman said Hezbollah’s documentation of violations, coupled with its repeated commitment to calm, pointed to the continued existence of negotiation channels between Tehran and Washington.

“As long as negotiations between the Americans and Iranians are going well, Iran does not need Hezbollah to create a problem to improve its negotiating position. That is why Hezbollah is committed to calm and to the agreement. But if Iran decides to open a front or create a crisis, Hezbollah will be ready to move in that direction.”

Asked about the Hezbollah secretary-general’s Ashura speech, Suleiman said: “There is a difference between ideological rhetoric and operational conduct. Deals and understandings are built on practical steps, not slogans or ideological positions. What determines the actual course is what happens on the ground, and that remains tied to what Iran wants and decides.”

Hezbollah abides by what Iran agrees to

Retired Brig. Gen. Yarub Sakher said Hezbollah’s stated commitment to the ceasefire, alongside its documentation of Israeli violations, showed that its decision was tied more to Iranian understandings than to the Lebanese-Israeli negotiation track.

“When Hezbollah says it is committed to the ceasefire, it is sending a clear message that it abides by what Iran agrees to,” Sakher told Asharq Al-Awsat.

“During negotiations with the United States in Switzerland, Tehran reached an understanding to halt military operations and attacks on different fronts, including the Lebanese front. That is why Hezbollah is declaring its commitment to this track.”

“This position is not tied to the ongoing Lebanese-US-Israeli negotiations, which may lead to consolidating the ceasefire or to later security arrangements. It is meant to entrench the Iranian view.”

Documenting violations: building a case for escalation

Sakher said Hezbollah’s announcement that it was documenting Israeli violations “does not change the reality, because these violations are documented daily by the Lebanese state and the Lebanese army, and are also monitored by surveillance systems and satellites.”

“The documentation itself is not new, but it carries political significance.”

“Hezbollah is using this documentation to build a narrative it can use later if Iran decides to reopen the front. It would then say it showed strategic patience for a long time, documented the violations and remained committed to the ceasefire before justifying any new escalation.”

“This is exactly what it did before the latest confrontation, when it spoke of months of restraint before moving to military action.”

“There are Lebanese forces influenced by Hezbollah’s position that are betting on a US-Iranian understanding and, in practice, trying to give that track precedence over the Lebanese negotiation track.”

“At the same time, the US administration is treating the separation between the two files with a degree of political oversimplification, despite attempts by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio to address this gap.”