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Saudi Arabia to Sign 15 International Treaties, Deals to Strengthen Intellectual Property

Saudi Arabia called for the need to include the Arabic language in the Madrid and Hague systems (SPA)
Saudi Arabia called for the need to include the Arabic language in the Madrid and Hague systems (SPA)
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Saudi Arabia to Sign 15 International Treaties, Deals to Strengthen Intellectual Property

Saudi Arabia called for the need to include the Arabic language in the Madrid and Hague systems (SPA)
Saudi Arabia called for the need to include the Arabic language in the Madrid and Hague systems (SPA)

The Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property is preparing to engage in 15 international treaties and agreements that will strengthen the intellectual property in Saudi Arabia, enable the system of protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights, and enhance cooperation with international partners.

Hesham Alarifi, Executive Director of Partnerships and International Cooperation at the Authority, revealed an endeavor to join 15 international agreements by the end of 2023, within of the framework of the 64th General Assembly of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), which kicked off on Thursday in Geneva.

Alarifi said that the global forum will have a direct and positive impact on the progress of the intellectual property sector led by the Saudi Authority.

He added that the Kingdom has joined the WIPO in 1982, stressing that the relationship between the two sides has witnessed a strategic development in many businesses and projects.

Saudi Arabia has already signed 13 different agreements, and is looking forward to joining about 15 international conventions and treaties, with the aim to achieve a positive impact on the intellectual property sector in the country, the Saudi official stated.

On Tuesday, the Authority is organizing the Saudi Day event, on the sidelines of the WIPO meetings, to shed light on Saudi culture, history and civilization.

Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia has called for the necessity to include Arabic in the languages of the Madrid System for trademark registration and management and the internationally approved Hague System for registering industrial designs.

Dr. Abdulaziz bin Mohammad Al-Suwailem, CEO of the Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property, stressed the importance of adopting the Arabic language within the languages of the Madrid and Hague systems, noting that the Kingdom has paid great attention to protecting and enforcing intellectual property rights.

Addressing the WIPO General Assembly, Al-Suwailem presented Saudi Arabia’s strategy to build a system that promotes an economy based on innovation and creativity, and the modernization of intellectual property legislation.

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US Stocks Dip on Mixed Earnings as Markets Monitor Iran

A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on March 24, 2026. (Photo by ANGELA WEISS / AFP)
A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on March 24, 2026. (Photo by ANGELA WEISS / AFP)
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US Stocks Dip on Mixed Earnings as Markets Monitor Iran

A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on March 24, 2026. (Photo by ANGELA WEISS / AFP)
A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the opening bell in New York on March 24, 2026. (Photo by ANGELA WEISS / AFP)

Wall Street stocks retreated from records early Thursday as markets digested a trove of mixed earnings reports and monitored the latest dynamics between the United States and Iran.

Analysts cited profit-taking after both the S&P 500 and Nasdaq shrugged off a jump in oil prices to finish at records on Wednesday.

About 10 minutes into trading, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 0.4 percent at 49,311.39, AFP reported.

The broad-based S&P 500 dipped 0.2 percent to 7,126.19, while the tech-rich Nasdaq Composite Index declined 0.3 percent to 24,588.07.

David Morrison, senior market analyst at FCA, called Thursday's early trading action "a mild bout of profit-taking triggered by some worrying reports of hostile action between the US and Iran," according to a note.

The US Defense Department said its forces boarded a vessel in the Indian Ocean that was transporting oil from Iran, while President Donald Trump announced on social media that he ordered the Navy to "shoot and kill" boats placing mines in the Strait of Hormuz.

Iran vowed it would keep the strait closed to all but a trickle of approved vessels for as long as the United States blockaded its ports.

Among companies reporting results, Tesla fell 1.7 percent and Lockheed Martin dropped 3.7 percent, while American Airlines jumped 4.9 percent.

Business

What Does the Inclusion of Saudi Bonds in the J.P. Morgan Index Mean?

Saudi woman walks at the Saudi stock market in Riyadh - Reuters
Saudi woman walks at the Saudi stock market in Riyadh - Reuters
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What Does the Inclusion of Saudi Bonds in the J.P. Morgan Index Mean?

Saudi woman walks at the Saudi stock market in Riyadh - Reuters
Saudi woman walks at the Saudi stock market in Riyadh - Reuters

Saudi Arabia’s debt market is set for a strategic shift in early 2027, following J.P. Morgan’s announcement that local-currency bonds will be included in its global emerging markets bond index. The move represents a vote of confidence in the Kingdom’s structural reforms and is expected to open the door to substantial capital inflows that will help finance major economic transformation projects.

In a note, J.P. Morgan said the move follows a series of reforms to improve foreign investor access and enhance local market capabilities.

The bank added that Saudi sukuk, Shariah-compliant debt instruments that function similarly to bonds, with a remaining maturity of up to 15 years, will be eligible for inclusion in the Government Bond Index-Emerging Markets (GBI-EM), the most widely tracked benchmark of its kind, with $233 billion in assets tracking it.

J.P. Morgan said eight sukuk issues would be eligible for inclusion, with a total value of $69 billion.

The Kingdom’s inclusion in the index is expected to boost liquidity and demand for sovereign debt, contributing to lower borrowing costs.

In September, J.P. Morgan had placed Saudi Arabia on “Positive Index Watch,” paving the way for its eventual inclusion in the GBI-EM.

Commenting on the decision, Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan told Bloomberg that the move reflects continued confidence in the Kingdom’s economic transformation trajectory. He said the inclusion marks a new milestone in Saudi Arabia’s integration into global financial markets, adding that its immediate impact will be seen in broadening and diversifying the investor base and supporting long-term capital inflows into the domestic debt market, thereby strengthening the resilience and stability of the national economy.

The Significance of the Index

The importance of J.P. Morgan’s index lies in its role as a benchmark guiding major global fund allocations, particularly passive funds that track indices automatically. With an expected weighting of around 2.52 percent, Saudi bonds will become a core component of international investor portfolios, increasing government bond liquidity and reducing borrowing costs over the long term, a critical factor for the Kingdom’s economy.

Passive funds play a key role in ensuring steady inflows. Trillions of dollars globally are managed through such funds. Once Saudi Arabia is included in the index, these funds will purchase Saudi bonds to remain aligned with it. Unlike active investors, they do not rapidly buy or sell based on daily news or market sentiment, but continue to hold bonds as long as they remain in the index, providing significant stability to the Saudi debt market. Their participation also ensures a constant base of large-scale buyers, facilitating bond trading at any time.

Reforms That Paved the Way

This inclusion is the result of a series of regulatory reforms highlighted by the bank in its note. Saudi Arabia has improved international investor access by linking to the global Euroclear system, expanding its network of primary dealers to include international banks, and facilitating cross-border settlement and trading. These measures have enhanced legal certainty and transparency, making the Saudi debt market an attractive and secure destination for foreign capital.

Financial Stability Amid Regional Challenges

Beyond its economic dimensions, the move carries strategic significance amid ongoing geopolitical tensions in the region. Increased inflows into local bonds are expected to strengthen the government’s ability to manage any economic fallout from regional instability. It underscores the resilience and attractiveness of the Saudi economy, demonstrating its capacity to attract quality investment and secure the financing needed for its development plans regardless of external challenges.

Business

S&P Warns African Sovereign Credit Rating Risks Likely to Worsen

Central Bank of Egypt building (A.P.)
Central Bank of Egypt building (A.P.)
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S&P Warns African Sovereign Credit Rating Risks Likely to Worsen

Central Bank of Egypt building (A.P.)
Central Bank of Egypt building (A.P.)

S&P Global Ratings warned on Thursday that the risks to African sovereign credit scores were likely to worsen the longer the Middle East war drags on.

The ratings agency said that higher fuel and fertilizer import costs would increase inflation and fiscal strains for countries, "potentially leading to rating pressure".

Egypt, Mozambique and Rwanda are among the "most exposed" the agency said, although Egypt's deep domestic capital markets and Rwanda's high levels of concessional debt provide some offset, according to Reuters.

Less exposed are net-oil exporters Nigeria, Angola and Congo-Brazzaville as well as Morocco, due to stronger foreign-currency reserves.

S&P's "base case" assumed that the conflict will peak and that the Strait of Hormuz will gradually reopen but related disruptions will likely persist for months. A resumption of hostilities and a more prolonged conflict would present a greater threat to many African sovereigns.

The ratings agency said it expected Africa's borrowing costs to increase due to war's impacts and as a result of global risk aversion.

S&P in recent weeks kept Egypt's credit rating on a "stable" outlook and affirmed ratings for Morocco, Ghana and Mozambique.