Iraq Reopens North Refinery in Baiji Closed for a Decade 

In this handout picture released by Iraq's Prime Minister's Media Office on February 23, 2024, workers pose for a picture with PM Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (C) during a ceremony held on the occasion of the reopening of North Oil Refinery in Baiji, north of Baghdad. (Iraqi Prime Minister’s Press Office / AFP)
In this handout picture released by Iraq's Prime Minister's Media Office on February 23, 2024, workers pose for a picture with PM Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (C) during a ceremony held on the occasion of the reopening of North Oil Refinery in Baiji, north of Baghdad. (Iraqi Prime Minister’s Press Office / AFP)
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Iraq Reopens North Refinery in Baiji Closed for a Decade 

In this handout picture released by Iraq's Prime Minister's Media Office on February 23, 2024, workers pose for a picture with PM Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (C) during a ceremony held on the occasion of the reopening of North Oil Refinery in Baiji, north of Baghdad. (Iraqi Prime Minister’s Press Office / AFP)
In this handout picture released by Iraq's Prime Minister's Media Office on February 23, 2024, workers pose for a picture with PM Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (C) during a ceremony held on the occasion of the reopening of North Oil Refinery in Baiji, north of Baghdad. (Iraqi Prime Minister’s Press Office / AFP)

Iraq reopened on Friday what was once the country's largest oil refinery, a step the government hopes will lead to an end to its dependence on fuel imports.  

The North Refinery in the city of Baiji, 200 kilometers (124 miles) north of Baghdad, was heavily damaged in some of the fiercest battles with the ISIS group after it swept across a third of Iraq in 2014.  

After the facility's full rehabilitation, "the refinery's effective capacity is 250,000 barrels per day," Assem Jihad, the spokesman for Iraq's oil ministry, told AFP.

Two smaller production units at the refinery complex were opened in recent years, but Friday's reopening restored the refinery closer to its previous capacity, with an additional unit capable of producing 150,000 bpd.

"With this accomplishment, we are getting closer to meeting the country's (oil) derivative needs no later than mid next year," Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani's office said, adding that doing so would enable Iraq to end its fuel imports.  

The oil-rich country "produces four million barrels a day, but still imports oil derivatives," Sudani added during the inauguration ceremony aired on state television.  

Constructed in 1975, the refinery produced up to 300,000 barrels per day (bpd) before ISIS seized the city of Baiji -- Iraq's one-time industrial hub -- in June 2014.  

Government forces retook the facility and the city in October 2015 during fierce clashes with the extremists, but severe damage meant the refinery remained closed for years.  

Other refineries operate in Iraq, with facilities in the south recording a production capacity of 280,000 bpd, according to Jihad.  

In April, Iraq inaugurated an oil refinery in the central city of Karbala with a capacity of 140,000 bpd.  

Ravaged by decades of conflict, Iraq's crumbling infrastructure and endemic corruption have obstructed reconstruction efforts.  

Despite its tremendous oil wealth, the country remains dependent on imports to meet energy needs.  

Iraq has 145 billion barrels of proven oil reserves amounting to 96 years' worth of production at the current rate, according to the World Bank.  

Crude oil sales make up 90 percent of the Iraqi budget's revenues.



Türkiye’s Simsek Seeks to Calm Investors, Says Market Strains Will Be Managed, Sources Say

People flash mobile phone lights during a protest against the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu as part of a corruption investigation, in Istanbul, Türkiye, March 25, 2025. (Reuters)
People flash mobile phone lights during a protest against the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu as part of a corruption investigation, in Istanbul, Türkiye, March 25, 2025. (Reuters)
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Türkiye’s Simsek Seeks to Calm Investors, Says Market Strains Will Be Managed, Sources Say

People flash mobile phone lights during a protest against the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu as part of a corruption investigation, in Istanbul, Türkiye, March 25, 2025. (Reuters)
People flash mobile phone lights during a protest against the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu as part of a corruption investigation, in Istanbul, Türkiye, March 25, 2025. (Reuters)

Turkish Finance Minister Mehmet Simsek and Central Bank Governor Fatih Karahan told international investors on Tuesday that they would do whatever was needed to tame market turmoil triggered by the arrest of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's main political rival.

Police detained Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, Erdogan's main political rival, last Wednesday, and a court jailed him on Sunday pending trial on corruption charges, sparking Türkiye's biggest protests in more than a decade and a major market sell-off.

Simsek told investors he would not comment on judicial matters and the events of the last two weeks, but said there would be no lasting impact on the economy and that he intended to stay in his post, according to two sources on the call.

He also said there would be no change in approach to the economic turnaround program he introduced in mid-2023 when the country was in the midst of its most recent currency crisis.

"They steered almost completely clear of the political crisis," one participant on the call said.

A statement from the finance ministry after the call confirmed that Simsek had reiterated his view that there would be no lasting damage to the economy and that further measures would be taken if needed.

Central bank governor Fatih Karahan told the call that he sees the market turmoil as a temporary blip, one participant said. He also repeated something Simsek had said earlier, that Türkiye will do "whatever it takes" to tame inflation, two sources said.

Journalists were not invited to the call, but participants said Simsek added that the Treasury could reduce bond issuance as part of its response, and that it also had the option of so-called FX-linked bonds, that give buyers some protection against big currency swings.

The minister also said he expected Türkiye to benefit from better bilateral relations with the United States. Later on Tuesday, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan is to meet Foreign Secretary Marco Rubio in Washington.

Veteran emerging market analyst Tim Ash at fund manager BlueBay said the call, which also detailed how "offshore" investors had accounted for 60% of FX demand during last week's selloff, had been a "coordinated effort to engage with the international investment community, and re-assure."

REBOUND

Markets were continuing to stabilize after the call drew to a close with the Istanbul stock market finishing the day up 4.5% and the lira steady at just under 38 to the dollar.

The Borsa Istanbul ended last week down 16.6%, its worst drop since the peak of the global financial crisis in October 2008. The lira had dropped more than 10% at the height of the rout on Wednesday.

Tuesday's moves also saw the banking sub-index win back another 5.3%. It slumped more than 26% last week and has now recovered around 7.5% of that.

The Treasury, central bank, the BDDK banking watchdog and capital markets board had already held a series of meetings with market actors over the weekend and announced several steps.

The measures had begun with the central bank raising the upper band of the interest rate corridor by 2 points to 46% in an interim meeting last week, pausing funding from the policy rate.

While the central bank took a tightening step of close to 400 basis points, it also sold around $14 billion in foreign exchange. Additionally, it has started liquidity note issuance and TL-settled forward foreign exchange sales transactions.

The Turkish central bank's net FX position dropped by some $27 billion due to FX sales last week since Wednesday, according to bankers' calculations from the bank's balance sheet.

Short selling on the Istanbul stock market has been banned for one month.

Türkiye's international sovereign bonds were also continuing to claw back some of last week's losses, with the 2045 maturity up almost 1 cent on the dollar at 84.6 cents on the dollar, Tradeweb data showed, after falling more than 3 cents last week.

Türkiye's five-year credit default swaps, which investors often use as a hedge against turmoil, eased again too, ending the day back under 300 basis points according to S&P Global Market Intelligence, having spiked to almost 330 from 260 last week.

Turkish lira implied FX volatility gauges and risk reversals eased slightly, although they remained highly elevated, having soared to their highest levels since the country's last currency crisis in mid-2023, data from Fenics showed.

Ahead of Tuesday's investor call, Himanshu Porwal, EM analyst at Seaport Global had said that the markets had already been reacting positively to the measures taken to settle the markets in recent days.

"I think they (central bank, finance minister) have been doing what is required. FX is usually the first trigger you look at and so far the move has been contained, so I think people are coming to terms with it already," Porwal said.