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Saudi Arabia Tackles Carbon Management Challenges at COP 29

Speakers participate in a discussion session in the Saudi pavilion during the COP29. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Speakers participate in a discussion session in the Saudi pavilion during the COP29. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Arabia Tackles Carbon Management Challenges at COP 29

Speakers participate in a discussion session in the Saudi pavilion during the COP29. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Speakers participate in a discussion session in the Saudi pavilion during the COP29. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

During a panel discussion titled, “The Carbon Management Challenge: Scaling Carbon Management to Gigaton Levels” at the Saudi Pavilion at COP 29, speakers highlighted the critical role of international collaboration in advancing carbon capture technologies and emphasized Saudi Arabia’s ambitious goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2060.

The discussion focused on Saudi Arabia’s adoption of the Circular Carbon Economy framework, which centers on four key pillars: reducing emissions, reusing carbon, recycling, and removing carbon.

The participants pointed to the importance of international cooperation in developing new carbon capture technologies and establishing independent carbon transport and storage projects. According to reports, over 50 advanced carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects are currently in progress globally, with a combined capacity of 50 million tons. Furthermore, investment decisions have been made for 44 additional CCS projects under development around the world.

The session also explored advancements in various industries, such as the cement sector. Countries like Japan, China, and European nations have made significant progress in carbon capture technologies, while emerging economies such as Canada and Thailand are working on financing decarbonization efforts in the cement industry.

The speakers underscored the crucial role of governments in enabling these initiatives by making financial investments and developing the necessary infrastructure. They also pointed out that supportive government policies are essential for driving these projects forward and fostering collaboration between the public and private sectors. This aligns with the Clean Energy Ministerial’s focus on advancing policies for carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies.

The participants further stressed that global goals to reduce emissions and combat climate change can only be achieved through international cooperation, robust policy frameworks, and the sharing of expertise across all stakeholders.

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Thiaw Ahead of COP16: $355 Billion Needed Annually to Combat Desertification

Ibrahim Thiaw, Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Ibrahim Thiaw, Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
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Thiaw Ahead of COP16: $355 Billion Needed Annually to Combat Desertification

Ibrahim Thiaw, Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Ibrahim Thiaw, Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

With the 16th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (COP16) set to take place in Riyadh in early December, the world is focusing on solutions to one of the planet’s most urgent environmental challenges.

Ibrahim Thiaw, Executive Secretary of the convention, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the global economic cost of desertification is estimated at $878 billion annually. He emphasized that increased investment is essential to restore degraded lands and address this pressing issue effectively.

COP16 will gather global leaders and policymakers to explore strategies for combating drought and advancing green initiatives both regionally and globally. Thiaw highlighted the critical funding gap in combating desertification. From 2025 to 2030, the world will need $355 billion annually, but current funding levels are only $77 billion, leaving a $278 billion shortfall, he said, adding that without urgent action, 100 million hectares of land could degrade each year, directly impacting 1.3 billion people.

Uncontrolled land degradation poses severe risks, including up to a 50% reduction in crop yields in some regions by 2050, according to Thiaw. He noted that this decline would drive food prices up by 30% and significantly worsen food insecurity, especially in vulnerable areas. By mid-century, half of the global grain supply could face extreme water scarcity. The annual economic toll of desertification, land degradation, and drought represents approximately 2% of global GDP.

Thiaw expressed hope that COP16 will achieve tangible progress by prioritizing investments in land restoration to enhance resilience against drought. He emphasized that restoring degraded lands could significantly improve soil health, potentially boosting global crop yields by 2% by 2050. This progress would be particularly impactful in regions like the Middle East and North Africa.

Implementing sustainable land management practices could also mitigate the effects of drought by improving water retention and increasing ecosystem resilience. In this regard, the executive secretary of COP16 stressed the importance of partnerships among governments, international organizations, and the private sector to attract investments and fund sustainable projects. He pointed to public-private collaborations and blended financing as key mechanisms, alongside international support through grants and loans, especially in Africa, where the annual investment gap stands at $191 billion.

Thiaw further said that restoring land addresses multiple global challenges, including food security, poverty, climate change, biodiversity loss, and forced migration. He underlined the role of sustainable agriculture in improving soil health, creating green jobs, and building community resilience, while ensuring long-term sustainability.

Moreover, emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, are crucial for monitoring land degradation and enabling timely interventions. Thiaw encouraged countries to adopt these technologies to improve land management and restoration efforts.

He also highlighted the vital role of women in combating desertification, noting that while women produce 80% of the world’s food, they own less than 20% of its land. Empowering women and securing their land rights could lead to more sustainable practices and strengthen communities’ resilience to desertification and drought, he stated.