Poets Debate Authenticity of Facebook-Produced Literature

The Facebook logo is displayed on their website in an illustration photo taken in Bordeaux, France, February 1, 2017. (Reuters)
The Facebook logo is displayed on their website in an illustration photo taken in Bordeaux, France, February 1, 2017. (Reuters)
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Poets Debate Authenticity of Facebook-Produced Literature

The Facebook logo is displayed on their website in an illustration photo taken in Bordeaux, France, February 1, 2017. (Reuters)
The Facebook logo is displayed on their website in an illustration photo taken in Bordeaux, France, February 1, 2017. (Reuters)

The social media boom, especially the one occupying the Facebook platform, has given rise to questions across the Arab world. These questions have focused on the authenticity of the literary works that are posted on the social media platform.

Polling a number critics and poets, who belong to different literary schools, Asharq Al-Awsat dove deeper for a closer look.

Salah Al-Laqani, a renowned 1970s Egyptian poet, stated that Facebook is the vastest cultural and political democracy brought about by modern times. But he points out that the revolutionary platform has failed in producing a new line of poets.

“It (Facebook) hasn’t made new poets, but has been known by established and modern ones,” he added.

Bahiya Talb, a 1990s poet, said she does not believe in the poetry of those who choose Facebook as an outlet.

"I do not believe in the poetry of these poets; they are just thoughts that relate to their followers, and certain cases that do not necessarily translate into words."

Mohammad al-Qalini, an established prose poet, noted that Facebook is more like a “light snack” and cannot make a major culture in terms of writing.

To Facebook’s advantage, he admitted that the virtual podium has managed to “shorten distances,” saying that now “poetry travels with no passport, moving from the poet’s hand to the reader’s eye instantaneously.”

Poet and critic Khalid Hassan remarked that Facebook helped in creating “a true atmosphere for poetry”, which allowed for the discovery of real poets who were previously not being heard.

“It also gave the opportunity for anyone to say anything and name it poetry,” he criticized.

Syrian poet and novelist Mohammed al-Othman said that Facebook granted poets the platform to “spread their poems and word”.

He revealed that he personally, through Facebook, got acquainted with important names that he was not familiar with before.

On the other hand, Moroccan academic and critic Dr. Abdulsalam Al-Masawi said that it is a stretch to label everyone who publishes on social media as a “poet” per se. He noted that they are not conventional poets and do not meet the traditional standards of poetry.

Paradoxically, Masawi also argued that "even within these standards” variations take place.

“Some rules are fixed, and some bend in sync with societal changes,” he added.



Climate Change Causing More Change in Rainfall, Fiercer Typhoons, Scientists Say 

People and vehicles wade through the water along a street that was flooded by Typhoon Gaemi in Kaohsiung on July 25, 2024. (AFP)
People and vehicles wade through the water along a street that was flooded by Typhoon Gaemi in Kaohsiung on July 25, 2024. (AFP)
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Climate Change Causing More Change in Rainfall, Fiercer Typhoons, Scientists Say 

People and vehicles wade through the water along a street that was flooded by Typhoon Gaemi in Kaohsiung on July 25, 2024. (AFP)
People and vehicles wade through the water along a street that was flooded by Typhoon Gaemi in Kaohsiung on July 25, 2024. (AFP)

Climate change is driving changes in rainfall patterns across the world, scientists said in a paper published on Friday, which could also be intensifying typhoons and other tropical storms.

Taiwan, the Philippines and then China were lashed by the year's most powerful typhoon this week, with schools, businesses and financial markets shut as wind speeds surged up to 227 kph (141 mph). On China's eastern coast, hundreds of thousands of people were evacuated ahead of landfall on Thursday.

Stronger tropical storms are part of a wider phenomenon of weather extremes driven by higher temperatures, scientists say.

Researchers led by Zhang Wenxia at the China Academy of Sciences studied historical meteorological data and found about 75% of the world's land area had seen a rise in "precipitation variability" or wider swings between wet and dry weather.

Warming temperatures have enhanced the ability of the atmosphere to hold moisture, which is causing wider fluctuations in rainfall, the researchers said in a paper published by the Science journal.

"(Variability) has increased in most places, including Australia, which means rainier rain periods and drier dry periods," said Steven Sherwood, a scientist at the Climate Change Research Center at the University of New South Wales, who was not involved in the study.

"This is going to increase as global warming continues, enhancing the chances of droughts and/or floods."

FEWER, BUT MORE INTENSE, STORMS

Scientists believe that climate change is also reshaping the behavior of tropical storms, including typhoons, making them less frequent but more powerful.

"I believe higher water vapor in the atmosphere is the ultimate cause of all of these tendencies toward more extreme hydrologic phenomena," Sherwood told Reuters.

Typhoon Gaemi, which first made landfall in Taiwan on Wednesday, was the strongest to hit the island in eight years.

While it is difficult to attribute individual weather events to climate change, models predict that global warming makes typhoons stronger, said Sachie Kanada, a researcher at Japan's Nagoya University.

"In general, warmer sea surface temperature is a favorable condition for tropical cyclone development," she said.

In its "blue paper" on climate change published this month, China said the number of typhoons in the Northwest Pacific and South China Sea had declined significantly since the 1990s, but they were getting stronger.

Taiwan also said in its climate change report published in May that climate change was likely to reduce the overall number of typhoons in the region while making each one more intense.

The decrease in the number of typhoons is due to the uneven pattern of ocean warming, with temperatures rising faster in the western Pacific than the east, said Feng Xiangbo, a tropical cyclone research scientist at the University of Reading.

Water vapor capacity in the lower atmosphere is expected to rise by 7% for each 1 degree Celsius increase in temperatures, with tropical cyclone rainfall in the United States surging by as much as 40% for each single degree rise, he said.