Ancient Egyptians Expressed Love with Poetry, Gifts, Flowers

A recent Egyptian study revealed that ancient Egypt has dedicated seasons for love. (AFP)
A recent Egyptian study revealed that ancient Egypt has dedicated seasons for love. (AFP)
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Ancient Egyptians Expressed Love with Poetry, Gifts, Flowers

A recent Egyptian study revealed that ancient Egypt has dedicated seasons for love. (AFP)
A recent Egyptian study revealed that ancient Egypt has dedicated seasons for love. (AFP)

Whether through poetry, gifts or flowers, ancient Egyptians were known as romance and nature lovers, who expressed their passion for their beloved.

A recent Egyptian study, published to highlight Egyptians’ celebrations on Valentine's Day, revealed that ancient Egypt had dedicated seasons for love, during which lovers express their feelings towards their loved ones and spouses, reported the German news agency (dpa).

The study published by Luxor’s Center for Women Studies and Rights in the Republican People's Party said that walls of tombs, known as the nobles’ cemeteries in western Luxor, are adorned with dozens of paintings drawn by artists of ancient Egypt to date and document details of greatest love stories in history.

The paintings tell how all segments of Pharaonic society expressed love and how they sought romance and meetings with loved ones in the heart of nature and on the banks of the Nile River.

The study highlighted that ordinary citizens, such as workers, fishermen and other craftsmen, went out on specific days of the year during what was known as the seasons of love. They used to take their wives on fishing trips and picnics to feel closer to their beloved and more able to express their feelings.

There were also annual seasons for those who were not married.

These seasons were known as the seasons of engagement and marriage.

Valentine’s Day falls on February 14 of every year.

“Boupasta” is one of the love seasons in ancient Egypt, and an occasion to express feelings of love and to celebrate engagement or marriage.

There were the “Ubot” festivals, a season for love and marriage, the festivals of Abidos, during which thousands performed a pilgrimage to the city, and the festivals in the cities of Dandara and Edfu, to mark the transition of the goddess Hathor from Dandara to the city of Edfu to meet her husband Horus.

The meeting between the goddess and her husband was an occasion for large celebrations, where people would go out to the squares and temples, and to the banks of the Nile to celebrate, meet and marry.

The most famous among these celebrations was the transition of the god Amun from his temple in Karnak, to meet his wife Amaunet in the temple of Luxor, and the transition of the goddess Hathor to meet her husband at the temple of Edfu.



Children Suffer as Schools Go Online in Polluted Delhi

Confined to her home by the toxic smog choking India's capital, Harshita Gautam attends an online class on a mobile phone - AFP
Confined to her home by the toxic smog choking India's capital, Harshita Gautam attends an online class on a mobile phone - AFP
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Children Suffer as Schools Go Online in Polluted Delhi

Confined to her home by the toxic smog choking India's capital, Harshita Gautam attends an online class on a mobile phone - AFP
Confined to her home by the toxic smog choking India's capital, Harshita Gautam attends an online class on a mobile phone - AFP

Confined to her family's ramshackle shanty by the toxic smog choking India's capital, Harshita Gautam strained to hear her teacher's instructions over a cheap mobile phone borrowed from her mother.

The nine-year-old is among nearly two million students in and around New Delhi told to stay home after authorities once again ordered schools to shut because of worsening air pollution.

Now a weary annual ritual, keeping children at home and moving lessons online for days at a time during the peak of the smog crisis in winter ostensibly helps protect the health of the city's youth.

The policy impacts both the education and the broader well-being of schoolkids around the city -- much more so for children from poorer families like Gautam.

"I don't like online classes," she told AFP, sitting on a bed her family all share at night in their spartan one-room home in the city's west.

"I like going to school and playing outside but my mother says there is too much pollution and I must stay inside."

Gautam struggles to follow the day's lesson, with the sound of her teacher's voice periodically halting as the connection drops out on the cheap Android phone.

Her parents both earn paltry incomes -- her polio-stricken father by working at a roadside food stall and her mother as a domestic worker.

Neither can afford to skip work and look after their only child, and they do not have the means to buy air purifiers or take other measures to shield themselves from the smog.

Gautam's confinement at home is an additional financial burden for her parents, who normally rely on a free-meal programme at her government-run school to keep her fed for lunch.

"When they are at school I don't have to worry about their studies or food. At home, they are hardly able to pay any attention," Gautam's mother Maya Devi told AFP.

"Why should our children suffer? They must find some solution."

Delhi and the surrounding metropolitan area, home to more than 30 million people, consistently tops world rankings for air pollution.

The city is blanketed in acrid smog each winter, primarily blamed on agricultural burning by farmers to clear their fields for ploughing, as well as factories and traffic fumes.

Levels of PM2.5 -- dangerous cancer-causing microparticles that enter the bloodstream through the lungs -- surged 60 times past the World Health Organization's recommended daily maximum on Monday.

A study in the Lancet medical journal attributed 1.67 million premature deaths in India to air pollution in 2019.

Piecemeal government initiatives include partial restrictions on fossil fuel-powered transport and water trucks spraying mist to clear particulate matter from the air.

But none have succeeded in making a noticeable impact on a worsening public health crisis.

- 'A lot of disruptions' -

The foul air severely impacts children, with devastating effects on their health and development.

Scientific evidence shows children who breathe polluted air are at higher risk of developing acute respiratory infections, a report from the UN children's agency said in 2022.

A 2021 study published in the medical journal Lung India found nearly one in three school-aged children in the capital were afflicted by asthma and airflow obstruction.

Sunita Bhasin, director of the Swami Sivananda Memorial Institute school, told AFP that pollution-induced school closures had been steadily increasing over the years.

"It's easy for the government to give a blanket call to close the schools but... abrupt closure leads to a lot of disruptions," she said.

Bhasin said many of Delhi's children would anyway continue to breathe the same noxious air whether at school or home.

"There is no space for them in their homes, so they will go out on the streets and play."