Facing Numerous Challenges, Jordan Prepares for ‘Fourth Estate’ Reform

Prime Minister Omar Razzaz, Getty images
Prime Minister Omar Razzaz, Getty images
TT

Facing Numerous Challenges, Jordan Prepares for ‘Fourth Estate’ Reform

Prime Minister Omar Razzaz, Getty images
Prime Minister Omar Razzaz, Getty images

Decision-makers have come to realize the widespread impact of online and social media on the Jordanian society, especially during the so-called Arab Spring.

Accompanying the rise of social media is a fall in popularity of local media as authorities recognized their shortcoming when it comes to satisfying audience appetite. 

Prime Minister Omar Razzaz, in a policy statement delivered before the House of Representatives, vowed to back change, explaining that political reform is not correct without activating the role of the media as a fourth estate. 

In that effect, the government is determined to improve the performance of official media institutions, said Razzaz.

Reform will back the notion of “state media,” enhancing its role in serving citizens and in monitoring institutional performance with objectivity.

The government also committed itself to the creation of a healthy atmosphere for media freedoms, while emphasizing the need to abide by values of what constitutes a responsible freedom.

Razzaz stressed that media freedoms must adhere to respect for opinion, and refrain from insult and defamation.

He added that the new arrangement comes in order to enhance the media role in protecting community wellbeing, the level of public awareness and individual cultures. 

Above all the fourth estate will work on instilling values of tolerance, and strengthening Jordan's image as an incubator of culture, art and creativity.

Visiting a gathering for journalist syndicates and unions, Jordan's Government Spokesperson and State Minister of Media Affairs Jumana Ghunaimat explained the plan for reforming the media sector and rearranging the internal structure of official media institutions.

Ghunaimat pointed out that priorities lie in developing the tools necessary for the sector to interact with all media challenges and problems facing it. 

During her visit, Ghunaimat delivered a "message of intent" which included seriousness in confronting the challenges facing the media sector through partnership and cooperation with the unions.

She discussed with union members and councils on means to confront challenges limiting the development of Jordanian media and the mechanisms of meeting employee demands.

Ghunaimat went on to reaffirm government openness to amending regulations according to a clear approach that ensures the integrity of circulated information.



What Happens When Russian Gas to Europe Via Ukraine Stops?

A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
TT

What Happens When Russian Gas to Europe Via Ukraine Stops?

A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo

Austria's energy company OMV was informed by Gazprom that the Russian gas producer would halt deliveries of natural gas via Ukraine to OMV from 0500 GMT on Nov. 16 following OMV winning an arbitration case. Supplies of Russian gas to Europe via Ukraine may completely stop from Jan. 1 2025 after the current five-year deal expires as Kyiv has refused to negotiate the new terms of the transit with Moscow during the war.
Here is what happens if Russian gas transit via Ukraine is completely turned off and who will be affected most, according to Reuters.
HOW BIG ARE THE VOLUMES?
Russian gas supplies to Europe via Ukraine are relatively small. Russia shipped about 15 billion cubic meters (bcm) of gas via Ukraine in 2023 - only 8% of peak Russian gas flows to Europe via various routes in 2018-2019.
Russia spent half a century building its European gas market share, which at its peak stood at 35%.
Moscow lost its share to rivals such as Norway, the United States and Qatar since the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, prompting the EU to cut its dependence on Russian gas.
EU gas prices rallied in 2022 to record highs after the loss of Russian supplies. The rally won't be repeated given modest volumes and a small number of customers for the remaining volumes, according to EU officials and traders.
UKRAINIAN ROUTE
The Soviet-era Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod pipeline brings gas from Siberia via the town of Sudzha - now under control of Ukrainian military forces - in Russia's Kursk region. It then flows through Ukraine to Slovakia.
In Slovakia, the gas pipeline splits into branches going to the Czech Republic and Austria.
Austria still receives most of its gas via Ukraine, while Russia accounts for around two-thirds of Hungary's gas imports.
Slovakia takes around 3 bcm from energy giant Gazprom per year, also about two-thirds of its needs.
Czech Republic almost completely cut gas imports from the east last year, but has started taking gas from Russia in 2024.
Most other Russian gas routes to Europe are shut including Yamal-Europe via Belarus and Nord Stream under the Baltic.
The only other operational Russian gas pipeline route to Europe is the Blue Stream and TurkStream to Türkiye under the Black Sea. Türkiye sends some Russian gas volumes onward to Europe including to Hungary.
WHY DOES THE UKRAINIAN ROUTE STILL WORK?
While remaining Russian gas transit volumes are small, the issue remains a dilemma for the EU. Many EU members such as France and Germany have said they would not buy Russian gas anymore but the stance of Slovakia, Hungary and Austria, which have closer ties to Moscow, challenges the EU common approach.
The countries, who still receive Russian gas, argue it is the most economic fuel and also blame neighboring EU countries for imposing high transit fees for alternative supplies.
Ukraine still earns $0.8-$1 billion in transit fees from Russian gas transit. Russia earns over $3 billion on sales via Ukraine based on an average gas price of $200 per 1,000 cubic meters, according to Reuters calculations.
Russia's gas pipeline export monopoly Gazprom plunged to a net loss of $7 billion in 2023, its first annual loss since 1999, because of the loss EU's gas markets.
Russia has said it would be ready to extend the transit deal but Kyiv has repeatedly said it won't do it.
Another option is for Gazprom to supply some of the gas via another route, for example via TurkStream, Bulgaria, Serbia or Hungary. However, capacity via these routes is limited.
The EU and Ukraine have also asked Azerbaijan to facilitate discussions with Russia regarding the gas transit deal, an Azeri presidential advisor told Reuters, who declined to give further details.