Southern Syria: Destroyed Schools Leave Students without an Education

Syrian schoolchildren run past heavily-damaged buildings in the rebel-held area of Jobar, on the eastern outskirts of the Syrian capital of Damascus, on April 30, 2016. (Amer Almohibany / AFP / Getty)
Syrian schoolchildren run past heavily-damaged buildings in the rebel-held area of Jobar, on the eastern outskirts of the Syrian capital of Damascus, on April 30, 2016. (Amer Almohibany / AFP / Getty)
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Southern Syria: Destroyed Schools Leave Students without an Education

Syrian schoolchildren run past heavily-damaged buildings in the rebel-held area of Jobar, on the eastern outskirts of the Syrian capital of Damascus, on April 30, 2016. (Amer Almohibany / AFP / Getty)
Syrian schoolchildren run past heavily-damaged buildings in the rebel-held area of Jobar, on the eastern outskirts of the Syrian capital of Damascus, on April 30, 2016. (Amer Almohibany / AFP / Getty)

As the Syrian regime takes control of the areas in southern Syria, parents await the rehabilitation of basic services, especially the education sector, as the majority of schools have been destroyed or suffer from a severe shortage of educational supplies.

Jihad, a former official of an educational institution supported by civil society organizations, said that some organizations had previously tried to improve this sector by working to establish kindergartens and educational and psychological support centers, as well as to rehabilitate some schools and promote advanced teaching techniques.

However, despite strenuous efforts, the Syrian interim government (the opposition) failed to obtain international recognition of secondary diplomas and basic education certificates issued by its schools.

A teacher at a Syrian regime school in Daraa said: “The educational situation in southern Syria has not seen any noticeable improvement, despite the start of the new school year and the regime’s control over the south and its commitment to introduce basic services.”

“None of the schools that have been destroyed or bombarded have been renovated yet,” he added.

The teacher explained that challenges that face the educational situation in southern Syria were reflected in overcrowded classrooms, the absence of logistical supplies and the lack of schools and educational centers, all of which puts great pressure on the students.

Nohad al-Abdallah, a sociologist from Daraa, underscored the problem of children dropping out pf school, despite the regime’s Compulsory Education Law.

“Several conditions combined have caused many students to drop out of school, the most important of which is internal displacement, the targeting of schools, high prices and poor economic conditions, in addition to the need for the children to work to assist their families,” according to Abdallah.

Jamal, a resident of Daraa, said that the financial burdens have not changed from what they were in the past. The prices of school uniforms, stationery supplies and other school equipment have not dropped, but remained the same or even increased.

With the lack of employment opportunities, limited commercial movement, high prices and low salaries, parents face significant challenges that prevent them from meeting all the educational needs of their children.



Syrians Face Horror, Fearing Loved Ones May Be in Mass Graves

People search for human remains at a trench believed to be used as a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus - AFP
People search for human remains at a trench believed to be used as a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus - AFP
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Syrians Face Horror, Fearing Loved Ones May Be in Mass Graves

People search for human remains at a trench believed to be used as a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus - AFP
People search for human remains at a trench believed to be used as a mass grave on the outskirts of Damascus - AFP

After losing hope of finding his two brothers among those freed from Syrian jails, Ziad Alaywi was filled with dread, knowing there was only one place they were likely to be: a mass grave.

"We want to know where our children are, our brothers," said the 55-year-old standing by a deep trench near Najha, southeast of Damascus.

"Were they killed? Are they buried here?" he asked, pointing to the ditch, one of several believed to hold the bodies of prisoners tortured to death.

International organizations have called these acts "crimes against humanity".

Since the fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime on December 8 and the takeover by an Islamist-led opposition alliance, families across Syria have been searching for their loved ones.

"I've looked for my brothers in all the prisons," said the driver from the Damascus suburbs, whose siblings and four cousins were arrested over a decade ago.

"I've searched all the documents that might give me a clue to their location," he added, but it was all in vain.

Residents say there are at least three other similar sites, where diggers were frequently seen working in areas once off-limits under the former government.

- 'Peace of mind' -

The dirt at the pit where Alaywi stands looks loose, freshly dug. Children run and play nearby.

If the site was investigated, "it would allow many people to have peace of mind and stop hoping for the return of a son who will never return", he said.

"It's not just one, two, or three people who are being sought. It's thousands."

He called on international forensic investigators to "open these mass graves so we can finally know where our children are."

Many Syrians who spoke to AFP in recent days expressed disappointment at not finding their loved ones in the prisons opened after the takeover by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS).

A few kilometres (miles) from Najha, a team of about 10 people, most in white overalls, was transferring small white bags into larger black ones with numbers.

Syrian Civil Defense teams have received numerous calls from people claiming to have seen cars dumping bags by the roadside at night. The bags were later found to contain bones.

"Since the fall of the regime, we've received over 100 calls about mass graves. People believe every military site has one," said civil defence official Omar al-Salmo.

- Safeguard evidence -

The claim isn't without reason, said Salmo, considering "the few people who've left prisons and the exponential number of missing people."

There are no official figures on how many detainees have been released from Syrian jails in the past 10 days, but estimates fall far short of the number missing since 2011.

In 2022, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitor estimated that more than 100,000 people had died in prison, mostly due to torture, since the war began.

"We're doing our best with our modest expertise," said Salmo. His team is collecting bone samples for DNA tests.

On Tuesday, Human Rights Watch urged the new Syrian authorities to "secure, collect and safeguard evidence, including from mass grave sites and government records... that will be vital in future criminal trials".

The rights group also called for cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross, which could "provide critical expertise" to help safeguard the records and clarify the fate of missing people.

Days after Assad's fall, HRW teams visiting Damascus's Tadamun district, the site of a massacre in April 2013, found "scores of human remains".

In Daraa province, Mohammad Khaled regained control of his farm in Izraa, seized for years by military intelligence.

"I noticed that the ground was uneven," said Khaled.

"We were surprised to discover a body, then another," he said. In just one day, he and others including a forensic doctor exhumed a total of 22 bodies.