Blinded in War, Former Syrian Fighter Guides Others with App

A student at an association for the blind in Syria's Aleppo province learns to navigate his smartphone using a screen reader app. (AFP)
A student at an association for the blind in Syria's Aleppo province learns to navigate his smartphone using a screen reader app. (AFP)
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Blinded in War, Former Syrian Fighter Guides Others with App

A student at an association for the blind in Syria's Aleppo province learns to navigate his smartphone using a screen reader app. (AFP)
A student at an association for the blind in Syria's Aleppo province learns to navigate his smartphone using a screen reader app. (AFP)

Years after losing his eyesight in battle, former Syrian opposition fighter Ahmad Talha hunches over his mobile phone in a bare classroom, listening to the robotic voice he helped translate.

At a rare association for the blind in the northern province of Aleppo, Talha is helping a dozen others like him to better navigate their smartphones using a screen reader app, said an AFP report on Wednesday.

"My wish for all blind people is for them to have the best device, the best tools," says 24-year-old Talha, whose eyes are permanently closed, a purple scar under his right eye.

Heads lowered in concentration at the center in the opposition-controlled town of Anjara, men of all ages and a teenager clutch their phones and listen for instructions.

"Alright guys, everybody open up Whatsapp," says instructor Mohammad Ramadan, dressed in a brown leather jacket, aviator sunglasses concealing his eyes.

As the students scroll around to find the messaging service, the classroom erupts into a low cacophony of artificial voices guiding them across the invisible icons.

The voices are male and female, some sped up to three times the normal pace.

Talha says he found the screen reader application online in English, and translated it to Arabic with help from friends.

The application tells the user what page they are looking at, what they can do with it, and reads out text it encounters, said AFP.

A student in computer sciences, Talha joined the fight against Bashar al-Assad's regime one year into Syria's civil war in 2012.

But two years later, a gunshot wound to the head saw him lose his eyesight.

"I didn't give up. I continued living," says the young man with a short black beard.

Talha married his first wife, then a second, and returned to his studies. And he recently became engaged to a third woman, who is also blind.

"I still see a little light in my right eye," he says, gazing out the window into the sunlight outside.

"It's all mostly dark, but with a little romance -- like a lit candle in a large room," says that father-of-three.

At home, Talha helps his one-year-old daughter Aisha walk by holding her little arms, and crouches by his three-year-old son Hassan to talk him through opening up Youtube on his phone.

Three months ago, his first wife gave birth to another daughter.

"We're not missing anything in life," says his first wife Samia, according to AFP.

"Nothing stops him," she says of her husband. "He may have lost his eyesight, but he has vision."

This year, Talha helped set up the area's first association for the visually impaired, whose name in Arabic translates to "Seeing Hearts".

"It's a home for the blind. We gather, get active, ask for our rights," he says.

Largely self-funded with a few donations, the center stands in a one-floor stone building, its facade freshly painted.

Around a dozen people arrive for the day's lesson on foot, aided by friends, or on a dilapidated grey minibus.

Director Ahmed Khalil says the new center seeks to help those who have lost their eyesight in the seven-year war, including in air strikes.

"The association aims to draw the blind out of their isolation," he says, seated inside his office, wearing a brown jacket.

Since October, eight volunteers have offered psychological support, as well as training to use mobile phones and the center's single computer, he says.

But they also have more fun activities, says Talha, including chess and football -- using a special ball with an inbuilt bell.



Mistrust and Fear: The Complex Story behind Strained Syria-Lebanon Relations

People carry Syrian flags of the opposition as they celebrate the ouster of the Assad regime in Damascus, in Tripoli, northern Lebanon, 08 December 2024. (EPA)
People carry Syrian flags of the opposition as they celebrate the ouster of the Assad regime in Damascus, in Tripoli, northern Lebanon, 08 December 2024. (EPA)
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Mistrust and Fear: The Complex Story behind Strained Syria-Lebanon Relations

People carry Syrian flags of the opposition as they celebrate the ouster of the Assad regime in Damascus, in Tripoli, northern Lebanon, 08 December 2024. (EPA)
People carry Syrian flags of the opposition as they celebrate the ouster of the Assad regime in Damascus, in Tripoli, northern Lebanon, 08 December 2024. (EPA)

A lot has happened in just a year on both sides of the Lebanon-Syria border. A lightning offensive by opposition factions in Syria toppled longtime autocrat Bashar Assad and brought a new government in place in Damascus.

In Lebanon, a bruising war with Israel dealt a serious blow to Hezbollah — the Iran-backed and Assad-allied Shiite Lebanese militant group that had until recently been a powerful force in the Middle East — and a US-negotiated deal has brought a fragile ceasefire.

Still, even after the fall of the 54-year Assad family rule, relations between Beirut and Damascus remain tense — as they have been for decades past, with Syria long failing to treat its smaller neighbor as a sovereign nation.

Recent skirmishes along the border have killed and wounded several people, both fighters and civilians, including a four-year-old Lebanese girl, The Associated Press said.

Beirut and Damascus have somewhat coordinated on border security, but attempts to reset political relations have been slow. Despite visits to Syria by two heads of Lebanon's government, no Syrian official has visited Lebanon.

Here is what's behind the complicated relations.

A coldness that goes way back

Many Syrians have resented Hezbollah for wading into Syria's civil war in defense of Assad's government. Assad's fall sent them home, but many Lebanese now fear cross-border attacks by Syria's militants.

There are new restrictions on Lebanese entering Syria, and Lebanon has maintained tough restrictions on Syrians entering Lebanon.

The Lebanese also fear that Damascus could try to bring Lebanon under a new Syrian tutelage.

Syrians have long seen Lebanon as a staging ground for anti-Syria activities, including hosting opposition figures before Hafez Assad — Bashar Assad's father — ascended to power in a bloodless 1970 coup.

In 1976, Assad senior sent his troops to Lebanon, allegedly to bring peace as Lebanon was hurtling into a civil war that lasted until 1990. Once that ended, Syrian forces remained in Lebanon for another 15 years.

A signature of the Assad family rule, Syria's dreaded security agents disappeared and tortured dissidents to keep the country under their control. They did the same in Lebanon.

“Syrians feel that Lebanon is the main gateway for conspiracies against them,” says Lebanese political analyst Ali Hamadeh.

Turbulent times

It took until 2008 for the two countries to agree to open diplomatic missions, marking Syria's first official recognition of Lebanon as an independent state since it gained independence from France in 1943.

The move came after the 2005 truck-bombing assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri that many blamed on Damascus. Two months later, Syria pulled its troops out of Lebanon under international pressure, ending 29 years of near-complete domination of its neighbor.

When Syria’s own civil war erupted in 2011, hundreds of thousands of Syrians fled across the border, making crisis-hit Lebanon the host of the highest per capita population of refugees in the world. Once in Lebanon, the refugees complained about discrimination, including curfews for Syrian citizens in some areas.

Hezbollah, meanwhile, rushed thousands of its fighters into Syria in 2013 to shore up Assad, worried that its supply lines from Iran could dry up.

And as much as the Lebanese are divided over their country’s internal politics, Syria's war divided them further into those supporting Assad's government and those opposing it.

Distrust and deadlock

A key obstacle to warming relations has been the fate of about 2,000 Syrians in Lebanese prisons, including some 800 held over attacks and shootings, many without trial. Damascus is asking Beirut to hand them over to continue their prison terms in Syria, but Lebanese judicial officials say Beirut won't release any attackers and that each must be studied and resolved separately.

In July, family members of the detainees rallied along a border crossing, demanding their relatives be freed. The protest came amid reports that Syrian troops could deploy foreign fighters in Lebanon, which Damascus officials denied.

Another obstacle is Lebanon’s demand that Syrian refugees go back home now that Assad is gone. About 716,000 Syrian refugees are registered with the UN refugee agency, while hundreds of thousands more are unregistered in Lebanon, which has a population of about 5 million.

Syria is also demanding the return of billions of dollars worth of deposits of Syrians trapped in Lebanese banks since Lebanon's historic financial meltdown in 2019.

The worst post-Assad border skirmishes came in mid-March, when Syrian authorities said Hezbollah members crossed the border and kidnapped and killed three Syrian soldiers. The Lebanese government and army said the clash was between smugglers and that Hezbollah wasn't involved.

Days later, Lebanese and Syrian defense ministers flew to Saudi Arabia and signed an agreement on border demarcation and boosting their coordination.

In July, rumors spread in Lebanon, claiming the northern city of Tripoli would be given to Syria in return for Syria giving up the Golan Heights to Israel. And though officials dismissed the rumors, they illustrate the level of distrust between the neighbors.

Beirut was also angered by Syria's appointment this year of a Lebanese army officer — Abdullah Shehadeh, who defected in 2014 from Lebanon to join Syrian insurgents — as the head of security in Syria’s central province of Homs that borders northeastern Lebanon.

In Syria, few were aware of Shehadeh’s real name — he was simply known by his nom de guerre, Abu Youssef the Lebanese. Syrian security officials confirmed the appointment.

What's ahead

Analysts say an important step would be for the two neighbors to work jointly to boost security against cross-border smuggling. A US-backed plan that was recently adopted by the Lebanese government calls for moving toward full demarcation of the border.

Radwan Ziadeh, a senior fellow at the Arab Center in Washington, says the best way forward would be for Syria and Lebanon to address each problem between them individually — not as a package deal.

That way, tensions would be reduced gradually, he said and downplayed recent comments by prominent Syrian anti-Assad figures who claimed Lebanon is part of Syria and should return to it.

“These are individual voices that do not represent the Syrian state,” Zaideh said.