Official Data: Divorce Rates Soar in Kurdistan

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Official Data: Divorce Rates Soar in Kurdistan

The concerned courts in Kurdistan, Iraq, revealed official divorce statistics for 2017-2018. Figures from the Court of Cassation showed that divorce rates in the region during this period were three times higher than in 2016.

The statistics showed that the divorces recorded in Erbil's Personal Status Court amounted to 2,985 cases in 2017, and rose to 3, 598 cases in 2018, marking an increase of 613 cases.

In Sulaymaniyah, the largest governorate in terms of population, divorce rates were 1,360 in 2017 and jumped to 4,085 in 2018. Duhok ranked third with 1,384 divorces a year earlier and an obvious rise to 1509 in 2018.

The statistics also highlighted the marriages registered in 2018, with more than 15,000 in Erbil, including 36 second marriages by men; in Sulaymaniyah, marriages amounted to 13836, including 48 second marriages, while Dohuk saw 10,902 marriages, of which 89 were second ones.

Social experts and researchers attribute divorce and separation, especially among young newlyweds, to many reasons. The most important among those reasons is unemployment resulting from the economic crisis that dominated the region in the last five years, and left thousands of youths without work and financially burdened.

Social researcher Shirin Karamiani stresses that unemployment is not the only cause behind the ascending divorce rates; other reasons, such as youth's submission to their feelings and instant desires may lead them to marriage without considering their relationship or developing marriage essentials. Therefore, most marriages based on rushed decisions end up with divorce and separation.

"Young men and women should evaluate their relationship carefully and rationally before marriage, to secure a healthy continuance of their union. The bride's family should avoid unnecessary luxurious demands that often burden the groom with heavy debts, that may lead to familial and social conflicts after marriage leading to divorce," she told Asharq Al-Awsat.

For his part, Burhan Ali, chairperson of Kurdistan's Men Union, saw that the lack of harmony between couples and their families is the most prominent reason behind the high rates of divorce.

Ali said the Union conducted a study based on surveys and samples from all governorates. It showed that 39% of divorces were caused by the lack of harmony between couples, especially the newlyweds, and that 19% of divorces resulted from the bride insistence on living in an independent house away from her groom's family; in most cases, this exposes the husband to financial difficulties, then, conflicts occur, and things often end up with separation.

Ali also said that 10% of divorces are attributed to infidelity, especially by men, as well as the misuse of modern communications devices, particularly smartphones, which have been shown to cause 19% of divorces. According to the study, the second marriage due to the lack of children, first wife's illness, a desire for polygamy, age gap, and other reasons, account for 8% of all divorces.



Fast-forming Alien Planet has Astronomers Intrigued

An artist's depiction of a planet and its host star with a misaligned disk of material, and a binary companion in the background, is shown in this undated handout image. NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)/Handout via REUTERS
An artist's depiction of a planet and its host star with a misaligned disk of material, and a binary companion in the background, is shown in this undated handout image. NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)/Handout via REUTERS
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Fast-forming Alien Planet has Astronomers Intrigued

An artist's depiction of a planet and its host star with a misaligned disk of material, and a binary companion in the background, is shown in this undated handout image. NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)/Handout via REUTERS
An artist's depiction of a planet and its host star with a misaligned disk of material, and a binary companion in the background, is shown in this undated handout image. NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)/Handout via REUTERS

Astronomers have spotted orbiting around a young star a newborn planet that took only 3 million years to form - quite swift in cosmic terms - in a discovery that challenges the current understanding of the speed of planetary formation.
This infant world, estimated at around 10 to 20 times the mass of Earth, is one of the youngest planets beyond our solar system - called exoplanets - ever discovered. It resides alongside the remnants of the disk of dense gas and dust circling the host star - called a protoplanetary disk - that provided the ingredients for the planet to form.
The star it orbits is expected to become a stellar type called an orange dwarf, less hot and less massive than our sun. The star's mass is about 70% that of the sun and it is about half as luminous. It is located in our Milky Way galaxy about 520 light-years from Earth, Reuters reported. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km).
"This discovery confirms that planets can be in a cohesive form within 3 million years, which was previously unclear as Earth took 10 to 20 million years to form," said Madyson Barber, a graduate student in the department of physics and astronomy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and lead author of the study published this week in the journal Nature.
"We don't really know how long it takes for planets to form," UNC astrophysicist and study co-author Andrew Mann added. "We know that giant planets must form faster than their disk dissipates because they need a lot of gas from the disk. But disks take 5 to 10 million years to dissipate. So do planets form in 1 million years? 5? 10?"
The planet, given the names IRAS 04125+2902 b and TIDYE-1b, orbits its star every 8.8 days at a distance about one-fifth that separating our solar system's innermost planet Mercury from the sun. Its mass is in between that of Earth, the largest of our solar system's rocky planets, and Neptune, the smallest of the gas planets. It is less dense than Earth and has a diameter about 11 times greater. Its chemical composition is not known.
The researchers suspect that the planet formed further away from its star and then migrated inward.
"Forming large planets close to the star is difficult because the protoplanetary disk dissipates away from closest to the star the fastest, meaning there's not enough material to form a large planet that close that quickly," Barber said.
The researchers detected it using what is called the "transit" method, observing a dip in the host star's brightness when the planet passes in front of it, from the perspective of a viewer on Earth. It was found by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, or TESS, space telescope.
"This is the youngest-known transiting planet. It is on par with the youngest planets known," Barber said.
Exoplanets not detected using this method sometimes are directly imaged using telescopes. But these typically are massive ones, around 10 times greater than our solar system's largest planet Jupiter.
Stars and planets form from clouds of interstellar gas and dust.
"To form a star-planet system, the cloud of gas and dust will collapse and spin into a flat environment, with the star at the center and the disk surrounding it. Planets will form in that disk. The disk will then dissipate starting from the inner region near the star," Barber said.
"It was previously thought that we wouldn't be able to find a transiting planet this young because the disk would be in the way. But for some reason that we aren't sure of, the outer disk is warped, leaving a perfect window to the star and allowing us to detect the transit," Barber added.