Sudan's Protesters Hope Cheerful Staying-Power Will Oust Army

Demonstrators ride atop a train from Atbara as they approach the military headquarters in Khartoum, Sudan April 23, 2019. (Reuters)
Demonstrators ride atop a train from Atbara as they approach the military headquarters in Khartoum, Sudan April 23, 2019. (Reuters)
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Sudan's Protesters Hope Cheerful Staying-Power Will Oust Army

Demonstrators ride atop a train from Atbara as they approach the military headquarters in Khartoum, Sudan April 23, 2019. (Reuters)
Demonstrators ride atop a train from Atbara as they approach the military headquarters in Khartoum, Sudan April 23, 2019. (Reuters)

They come from all walks of life, of all ages and many political persuasions. But the thousands of protesters sitting outside the Sudanese Defense Ministry in Khartoum all share one thing: the cheerful conviction that, if they can just stay there long enough, democracy will come about.

Already, their sit-in has prompted the military to topple Omar Hassan al-Bashir, autocratic president of 30 years. Now they believe their good-natured rainbow of resistance can push those same generals to hand over power swiftly to civilians, said a Reuters report Wednesday.

A woman in a black full-face veil discusses the merits of democracy as a vendor sells corn at a discount, making a fortune. One couple mount a podium to take their marriage vows.

“We are lions!” intones a rapper, his audience swaying to the beat.

Unfocused and eclectic it may be, but it only took the crowd - whose numbers swell in the cool of the evening into the hundreds of thousands - five days to bring down Bashir, who was detained by the army on April 11 to the delight of millions.

Now those protesters, spread over about 2 sq km (0.8 square miles) of central Khartoum, want the generals’ Transitional Military Council to bring forward the elections that it promises to hold within two years.

Opposition groups and the military may have been trading threats over the transition, but that has not dampened the cheerful determination of the protesters.

Women outnumber men in the throng, which is a mix of teenagers and older people, conservatives and liberals, doctors, lawyers and artisans.

Designers apply their skills to making banners and placards.

“The motifs are to send a message to the people to support democracy,” said Khalid Ehab, 24, who specializes in banners of fierce-looking people carrying flags.

Teenagers bang stones against a bridge in solidarity with calls for democracy, and fling water down at passers-by. Others are more earnest, holding posters of civilians and army officers who were allegedly tortured and killed in Bashir’s prisons, said Reuters.

Osay Awad, 22, used to sell a cob of corn from his battered wooden stall for 15 Sudanese pounds, but out of enthusiasm for the revolution slashed the price to 10.

Business is booming; he sells 500 a day, compared to 170 before the sit-in began, and he hasn’t left the spot since the day after Bashir was toppled.

Like many others, he sleeps on the dusty pavement. Asked what type of leader he would like to see run his country, he says: “I have no candidate. I’m just here to sell corn and support people.”

All the protesters want the old-guard generals out, but many are keen to get the support of young officers; a traditional army song competes with the sound of an opposition figure trying to fire up crowds with promises of a brighter future.

The protesters do want to assert some control. Teenagers frisk anyone entering the area to make sure weapons stay out.

The military leaders have offered some concessions, sacking some officials and announcing the arrest of others, including two of Bashir’s brothers.

But they insist that, while they are willing to accept a civilian transitional government, ultimate authority will remain in their hands until elections are held.

Wejd Mohammed, a medical student covered from head to toe in a niqab, says that “democracy will bring economic prosperity.”

In a scene that would have been unthinkable under Bashir, a member of a rebel group that fought his forces in the desert province of Darfur stands on a makeshift podium and speaks his mind.

“The previous regime took all of our money and made us poor,” he says. “Sudan needs to be one nation.”



What to Know about the Tensions Between Iran and the US Before their Second Round of Talks

This combination of pictures created on November 7, 2024 shows Iran's supreme leader Ali Khamenei (L) in Tehran on July 5, 2024, and then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump (R) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on November 4, 2024. Atta Kenare, Charly Triballeau, AFP
This combination of pictures created on November 7, 2024 shows Iran's supreme leader Ali Khamenei (L) in Tehran on July 5, 2024, and then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump (R) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on November 4, 2024. Atta Kenare, Charly Triballeau, AFP
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What to Know about the Tensions Between Iran and the US Before their Second Round of Talks

This combination of pictures created on November 7, 2024 shows Iran's supreme leader Ali Khamenei (L) in Tehran on July 5, 2024, and then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump (R) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on November 4, 2024. Atta Kenare, Charly Triballeau, AFP
This combination of pictures created on November 7, 2024 shows Iran's supreme leader Ali Khamenei (L) in Tehran on July 5, 2024, and then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump (R) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on November 4, 2024. Atta Kenare, Charly Triballeau, AFP

Iran and the United States will hold talks Saturday in Rome, their second round of negotiations over Tehran´s rapidly advancing nuclear program.

The talks follow a first round held in Muscat, Oman, where the two sides spoke face to face.

Trump has imposed new sanctions on Iran as part of his "maximum pressure" campaign targeting the country. He has repeatedly suggested military action against Iran remained a possibility, while emphasizing he still believed a new deal could be reached by writing a letter to Iran´s 85-year-old Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei to jump start these talks.
Khamenei has warned Iran would respond to any attack with an attack of its own.

Here´s what to know about the letter, Iran´s nuclear program and the tensions that have stalked relations between Tehran and Washington since the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

Trump dispatched the letter to Khamenei on March 5, then gave a television interview the next day in which he acknowledged sending it. He said: "I´ve written them a letter saying, `I hope you´re going to negotiate because if we have to go in militarily, it´s going to be a terrible thing.´"
Since returning to the White House, the president has been pushing for talks while ratcheting up sanctions and suggesting a military strike by Israel or the US could target Iranian nuclear sites.

A previous letter from Trump during his first term drew an angry retort from the supreme leader.

But Trump´s letters to North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in his first term led to face-to-face meetings, though no deals to limit Pyongyang´s atomic bombs and a missile program capable of reaching the continental US.

Oman, a sultanate on the eastern edge of the Arabian Peninsula, hosted the first round of talks between Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and US Mideast envoy Steve Witkoff last weekend. The two men met face to face after indirect talks and immediately agreed to this second round.

Witkoff later made a television appearance in which he suggested 3.67% enrichment for Iran could be something the countries could agree on. But that´s exactly the terms set by the 2015 nuclear deal struck under US President Barack Obama, from which Trump unilaterally withdrew America.

Witkoff hours later issued a statement underlining something: "A deal with Iran will only be completed if it is a Trump deal." Araghchi and Iranian officials have latched onto Witkoff´s comments in recent days as a sign that America was sending it mixed signals about the negotiations.

Iran has insisted for decades that its nuclear program is peaceful. However, its officials increasingly threaten to pursue a nuclear weapon. Iran now enriches uranium to near weapons-grade levels of 60%, the only country in the world without a nuclear weapons program to do so.

Under the original 2015 nuclear deal, Iran was allowed to enrich uranium up to 3.67% purity and to maintain a uranium stockpile of 300 kilograms (661 pounds). The last report by the International Atomic Energy Agency on Iran´s program put its stockpile at 8,294.4 kilograms (18,286 pounds) as it enriches a fraction of it to 60% purity.

US intelligence agencies assess that Iran has yet to begin a weapons program, but has "undertaken activities that better position it to produce a nuclear device, if it chooses to do so."

Ali Larijani, an adviser to Iran´s supreme leader, has warned in a televised interview that his country has the capability to build nuclear weapons, but it is not pursuing it and has no problem with the International Atomic Energy Agency´s inspections. However, he said if the US or Israel were to attack Iran over the issue, the country would have no choice but to move toward nuclear weapon development.

"If you make a mistake regarding Iran´s nuclear issue, you will force Iran to take that path, because it must defend itself," he said.

Iran was once one of the US´s top allies in the Mideast under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who purchased American military weapons and allowed CIA technicians to run secret listening posts monitoring the neighboring Soviet Union. The CIA had fomented a 1953 coup that cemented the shah´s rule.

But in January 1979, the shah, fatally ill with cancer, fled Iran as mass demonstrations swelled against his rule. The Iranian Revolution followed, led by Grand Ruhollah Khomeini, and created Iran´s theocratic government.

Later that year, university students overran the US Embassy in Tehran, seeking the shah´s extradition and sparking the 444-day hostage crisis that saw diplomatic relations between Iran and the US severed. The Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s saw the US back Saddam Hussein. The "Tanker War" during that conflict saw the US launch a one-day assault that crippled Iran at sea, while the US later shot down an Iranian commercial airliner that the American military said it mistook for a warplane.

Iran and the US have see-sawed between enmity and grudging diplomacy in the years since, with relations peaking when Tehran made the 2015 nuclear deal with world powers. But Trump unilaterally withdrew America from the accord, sparking tensions in the Mideast that persist today.