Bashir's Overthrow Inspires Sudan Graffiti Artists

Once-grey walls near the military headquarters are painted with large clenched fists and victory signs symbolic of the popular uprising. (AFP)
Once-grey walls near the military headquarters are painted with large clenched fists and victory signs symbolic of the popular uprising. (AFP)
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Bashir's Overthrow Inspires Sudan Graffiti Artists

Once-grey walls near the military headquarters are painted with large clenched fists and victory signs symbolic of the popular uprising. (AFP)
Once-grey walls near the military headquarters are painted with large clenched fists and victory signs symbolic of the popular uprising. (AFP)

With the fall of veteran leader Omar al-Bashir, Sudan's long stifled graffiti artists are finally able to express their art, painting the country's revolution in murals and portraits flourishing across Khartoum's walls.

Inspired by the months-long protest movement that finally toppled Bashir on April 11, several artists are using the walls near the army headquarters as a canvas, said an AFP report on Thursday.

The once-grey walls close to the complex, where thousands of protesters remain encamped, are full of large clenched fists and victory signs symbolic of the popular uprising that ended Bashir's rule.

Bright murals of Sudanese flags and portraits of protest leaders have also come up near the complex.

"It was unimaginable to paint any wall without a permit, let alone around the army building, but this revolution has changed everything," said Lotfy Abdel Fattah, who specializes in fine art.

"Even if it's wiped out some day, the drawings will leave an everlasting mark on people's minds," the 35-year-old told AFP.

For years such artwork remained underground amid censorship imposed by heavy-handed security agents, who considered it anti-establishment or pure vandalism.

But artists say everything changed on April 6, when thousands of protesters broke through security cordons and massed outside the army headquarters.

They braved volleys of tear gas to demand the military depose Bashir after three decades, while a day later graffiti artists began publicly exhibiting their work at the protest site and elsewhere in Khartoum.

"People welcomed our drawings and we felt we should start painting all the walls," said 26-year old Amir Saleh, a graffiti artist working on a mural outside the military complex.

"All of these walls were empty. We, along with other artists, have filled them with graffiti," added Saleh, who took part in anti-Bashir rallies from December.

"We just wanted to tell the story of what's happening here."

Saleh said many of the designs reflect the protest movement's catchcry of "freedom, peace, justice".

"The revolution has to keep on going... freedom and security are at the core," he said.

Painting fluorescent shades of orange across a wall, 26-year-old Belal Abdelrahman said he was inspired by the protesters' call: "just fall, that's all."

Many murals attempt to show the peaceful nature of the protest movement, including one image of a clenched fist facing two large bullets.

"This just shows that the people's determination to bring down Bashir was much bigger than the bullets his security met the protests with," Abdelrahman said.

Officials say at least 65 people have died in protest-related violence since December.

Artists have blazoned one wall with a rifle -- symbolic of the violent crackdown on anti-Bashir demonstrators -- with a red flower protruding from its muzzle.

"These are peaceful protests and they will remain so," Abdelrahman said, according to AFP.

Some artists like Abdel Fattah, who has been painting murals for more than a decade, are keen to show the vibrant future of Sudan.

"I usually depict Sudan as a country covered in lush greenery and flowers to show that it has a lot to offer," he said.

Even as these artists enjoy their first stroke of freedom, they all complain of a shortage of materials.

"It is supposed to be done using sprays, but it's unavailable and very expensive to import. What we have is regular paint," said Abdelrahman.

Hit by an acute foreign currency shortage, Sudan's economy has only worsened over the years.

The ongoing protest movement threatens to further derail the economy, but demonstrators are firm in their demand that the new military rulers hand over power to civilians.

And graffiti artists support the protesters.

"We want a more open Sudan, one that accepts art and promotes freedom of expression," said Saleh.

"This is just the beginning of the revolution. Hopefully, the whole of Sudan will be dressed in bright colors."



Farmed Production of Some Fish - and Seaweed - is Soaring

Farmed salmon -- like the ones grown in pens here in the Australian island state of Tasmania -- are easier to grow than some other fish species. Gregory PLESSE / AFP/File
Farmed salmon -- like the ones grown in pens here in the Australian island state of Tasmania -- are easier to grow than some other fish species. Gregory PLESSE / AFP/File
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Farmed Production of Some Fish - and Seaweed - is Soaring

Farmed salmon -- like the ones grown in pens here in the Australian island state of Tasmania -- are easier to grow than some other fish species. Gregory PLESSE / AFP/File
Farmed salmon -- like the ones grown in pens here in the Australian island state of Tasmania -- are easier to grow than some other fish species. Gregory PLESSE / AFP/File

The amount of farmed seafood we consume -- as opposed to that taken wild from our waters -- is soaring every year, making aquaculture an ever-more important source for many diets, and a response to overfishing.

According to the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, nearly 99 million tons of aquatic animals (fish, molluscs like oysters and mussels and crustaceans like prawns) were farmed around the world in 2023, five times more than three decades ago.

Since 2022, the farming of aquatic animals has been steadily overtaking fishing around the world -- but with large disparities from species to species.

Fast-growing species

The two biggest sellers on the market in 2023, carp and tilapia, mainly came from freshwater farming, while other widely-consumed fish, like herring, came just from deep sea fishing

Thierry Laugier, a researcher at Ifremer, France's national institute for ocean science and technology, told AFP that fish farmers choose species that grow quickly and with simple requirements, to be able to control the life cycle.

Sales of the most widely farmed fish in Europe, Atlantic salmon, came to 1.9 million tons in 2023, 99 percent of which were farmed.

"We know how to control the ageing or how to launch a reproduction cycle, through injecting hormones," Laugier said.

Asia main producer
Asia is by far the biggest producer of farmed fish, accounting for 92 percent of the 136 million tons -- of both animal and plant species -- produced under manmade conditions in 2023.

"For carp, it comes down to tradition, it has been farmed for thousands of years on the Asian continent," the Ifremer researcher said.

At the other end of the spectrum, sardines and herring are just fished in the oceans, mainly for profitability reasons as some fish grow very slowly.

"It takes around two years to get an adult-sized sardine," Laugier said.

He said farming of some fish has not yet been started as, "for a long time, we thought the ocean was an inexhaustible resource".

Seaweed

Little known in the West, seaweed nevertheless accounts for almost a third of world aquaculture production.

Almost exclusively from Asia, seaweed production increased by nearly 200 percent in two decades, to 38 million tons. It is mainly used in industry, in jellies, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, the expert said.

He said seaweed also has the major advantage of absorbing not just CO2 in the oceans, but also nitrogen and certain pollutants.

"And from an ecological point of view it is better to farm macroalgae than salmon," Laugier said.