US Expands Inherent Resolve Operation to Fight ISIS ‘States’

An aerial view of the Pentagon building in Washington. (Reuters file photo)
An aerial view of the Pentagon building in Washington. (Reuters file photo)
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US Expands Inherent Resolve Operation to Fight ISIS ‘States’

An aerial view of the Pentagon building in Washington. (Reuters file photo)
An aerial view of the Pentagon building in Washington. (Reuters file photo)

Pentagon is considering expanding the Combined Joint Task Force – Inherent Resolve Operation (CJTF-OIR), established in 2014 against ISIS after the terrorist organization emerged in Syria and Iraq, according to Pentagon sources.

The decision came after ISIS increased its activities outside Syria and Iraq, following its downfall, and after it established ISIS’ states in India and Pakistan.

At a ceremony at the Fort Hood military base in Texas last week, General Mark Milley, the 39th Chief of Staff of the Army, said: “Readiness is number one, and there is no other number one. We must ensure the Army remains ready as the world's premier combat force.”

In his speech, he added that ISIS’ strategy is to expand around the world after its fall in Iraq and Syria, and it will be faced with “a firm and effective US strategy.” He also referred to terrorist activities carried out by ISIS in South Asia, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Washington's Defense Post, which focuses on Pentagon news, reported that CJTF-OIR consisted of 4,400 troops in Iraq, 2,500 troops in Kuwait, 7,000 military and civilian contractors, three aircraft carriers and military vessels.

Since its establishment in 2014, about 100 Americans were killed in the Operation, including 74 soldiers and 18 civilians, including those who have been executed by ISIS.

Earlier this year, the Program on Extremism at George Washington University issued a report on ISIS activities and US military operations against them. The report said these operations had no name when they began in 2014 and until 2016.

That same year, the Pentagon conducted another similar operation in Libya, called the Odyssey Lightning, which liberated Sirte of terrorists and chased some of them in the area.

At the time, according to the Defense Post, military officials and experts criticized the absence of a specific name for all military operations against ISIS. The Pentagon then announced the establishment of the CJTF-OIR.

The US Central Command (CENTCOM) explained that the name Inherent Resolve is intended to reflect the unwavering resolve and deep commitment of the US and partner nations in the region and around the globe to eliminate ISIS and the threat it poses to Iraq, Syria, the region and the wider international community.

“It also symbolizes the willingness and dedication of coalition members to work closely with our friends in the region and apply all available dimensions of national power necessary – diplomatic, informational, military, and economic – to degrade and ultimately destroy ISIS.”

Last week, Reuters reported that after losing territory, ISIS fighters were turning to guerrilla war – and the group’s newspaper, al-Naba, is telling them exactly how to do it.

In recent weeks, the Naba online newspaper encouraged followers to adopt guerrilla tactics and published detailed instructions on how to carry out hit-and-run operations.

The group is using such tactics in places where it aims to expand beyond Iraq and Syria, according to Reuters. While ISIS has tried this approach before, the guidelines make clear the group is adopting it as standard operating procedure.

The group has been forced to return to its roots: a style of fighting that avoids direct confrontation, weakening the enemy by attrition and winning popular support.

This attempt to revive ISIS has so far been successful, with many global attacks in recent weeks, including in places never before targeted by the group, analysts told Reuters.



Pakistan Fears Militants Will Thrive on Restive Border if Iran Destabilized

Pakistani security personnel stand guard as pilgrims (back) who evacuated from Iran walk at the Pakistan-Iran border in Taftan on June 16, 2025. (Photo by AFP)
Pakistani security personnel stand guard as pilgrims (back) who evacuated from Iran walk at the Pakistan-Iran border in Taftan on June 16, 2025. (Photo by AFP)
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Pakistan Fears Militants Will Thrive on Restive Border if Iran Destabilized

Pakistani security personnel stand guard as pilgrims (back) who evacuated from Iran walk at the Pakistan-Iran border in Taftan on June 16, 2025. (Photo by AFP)
Pakistani security personnel stand guard as pilgrims (back) who evacuated from Iran walk at the Pakistan-Iran border in Taftan on June 16, 2025. (Photo by AFP)

Separatist and extremist militants on the Pakistan-Iran border could take advantage of any collapse of authority in Iran, fears that Pakistan’s army chief pressed in a meeting this week with the US President Donald Trump. Anti-Iranian and anti-Pakistan outfits operate on both sides of the 560-mile (900km) long border. As Israel bombs Iran's nuclear program, its officials have repeatedly indicated that they are seeking to destabilize the Iranian government or see it toppled.

As well as worrying about chaos spilling over from Iran, Pakistan is concerned about the precedent set by Israel of attacking the nuclear installations of another country. Nuclear-armed rivals Pakistan and India fought a four-day conflict in May, Reuters said.

Following a Wednesday lunch at the White House with Pakistan’s army chief, Field Marshal Asim Munir, Trump said: “They’re not happy about anything”, referring to Pakistan's views on the Israel-Iran conflict. Pakistan’s military said on Thursday that the two had discussed Iran,“with both leaders emphasizing the importance of resolution of the conflict”.

Pakistan has condemned Israel’s attack on Iran as a violation of international law. “This is for us a very serious issue what is happening in our brotherly country of Iran,” Shafqat Ali Khan, spokesman for Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said on Thursday. “It imperils the entire regional security structures, it impacts us deeply.”

Some of the militant groups on the border have welcomed the upheaval. Jaish al-Adl (JaA), an Iranian militant group which operates from Pakistan, said Israel’s conflict with Iran was a great opportunity.

“Jaish al-Adl extends the hand of brotherhood and friendship to all the people of Iran and calls on all people, especially the people of Baluchistan, as well as the armed forces, to join the ranks of the Resistance,” the group said in a statement on June 13.

Conversely, Pakistan fears that separatist militants from its own Baluch minority, which are based in Iran, will also seek to step up attacks.

"There’s a fear of ungoverned spaces, which would be fertile ground for terrorist groups," said Maleeha Lodhi, a former Pakistani ambassador to Washington.

Pakistan has unstable borders with Taliban-run Afghanistan and arch-rival India. It does not want to add another volatile frontier on its long border with Iran.

The Iran-Pakistan border region is populated with ethnic Baluch, a minority in both countries who have long complained about discrimination and launched separatist movements. On Pakistan’s side, the region is a province called Balochistan and in Iran it is Sistan-Baluchistan.

Until Israel's bombing of Iran, Tehran was closer to Pakistan’s arch-rival India. Pakistan and Iran had even traded air strikes last year, accusing each other of harboring Baluch militants. But the attack on Iran has upended alliances, as India has not condemned Israel's bombing campaign.

China has also said that it is deeply concerned about the security situation in Balochistan, with the area being a focus of Beijing’s multi-billion dollar infrastructure investment program in Pakistan, centered on the new Chinese-run port of Gwadar. Baluch militant groups in Pakistan have previously targeted Chinese personnel and projects.

Simbal Khan, an analyst based in Islamabad, said the different Baluch groups could morph into a “greater Baluchistan” movement which seeks to carve out a new nation from the Baluch areas of Pakistan and Iran.

“They’re all going to fight together if this blows up,” said Khan.