EU to Drastically Change Its Policy on Migration

Migrants disembark from rescue ship Sea-Watch 3 as they arrive at the port of Catania, Italy, January 31, 2019. (File Photo: Reuters)
Migrants disembark from rescue ship Sea-Watch 3 as they arrive at the port of Catania, Italy, January 31, 2019. (File Photo: Reuters)
TT

EU to Drastically Change Its Policy on Migration

Migrants disembark from rescue ship Sea-Watch 3 as they arrive at the port of Catania, Italy, January 31, 2019. (File Photo: Reuters)
Migrants disembark from rescue ship Sea-Watch 3 as they arrive at the port of Catania, Italy, January 31, 2019. (File Photo: Reuters)

The exact number of migrants who have drowned in the Mediterranean Sea is still unknown ever since they have been flocking on rubber or wooden boats to European shores to escape misery, violence, and persecution in their homelands.

International agencies, such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) estimate the number to be more than 60,000 migrants.

However, concerned European governments say they do not have accurate figures and usually refer to reports of rescue missions, which reduce this number to 40,000. Non-governmental organizations believe the number to be around 100,000 or even more.

The lack of accurate information on the numbers of migrants who drown as they try to cross the Mediterranean or embark on a difficult migration journey to Europe reflects the decline of human empathy among European societies, according to a report issued by European Commission's Center for Social Research.

The center will use the report for the discussion and development of Europe’s migration policy for the next five years.

The way things appear do not reflect the real situation of the migration crisis that may implode at any moment, warned the report.

One of the striking conclusions of the report is that recent election results in Europe showed that most EU citizens became more concerned with basic rights and showed a greater interest in humanitarian policy approach to the migration crisis.

The report strongly criticizes the EU's refugee agreement with Turkey in 2016 and considers its provisions “a clear violation of human rights.”

It also criticizes the bilateral cooperation agreements between some European countries, especially Italy with Libya, to prevent the flow of migrants across their coasts and send them to detention centers that frequently violate basic human rights.

The report noted that criminalizing the work of non-governmental organizations and rescue missions at sea violates the principles and values on which the European Union was founded.

The report concluded with a number of recommendations such as calling on the EU to lead efforts to develop an international policy to address the migration crisis, unite or coordinate national migration policies, and support local initiatives such as programs to integrate immigrants into European societies.

It also called for restoring political influence in African countries, where the EU finances development projects, in order to impose standards of respect for human rights, and exert greater efforts to address the Libyan crisis.



Russia Warns the United States against Possible Nuclear Testing under Trump

A woman takes a tour of the Bunker-703, a recently declassified nuclear-resistant bomb shelter built in 1961 at a depth of 43 meters (141 feet) for the Soviet Foreign Affairs Ministry archive, in Moscow, Russia, Sunday, Dec. 22, 2024. (AP)
A woman takes a tour of the Bunker-703, a recently declassified nuclear-resistant bomb shelter built in 1961 at a depth of 43 meters (141 feet) for the Soviet Foreign Affairs Ministry archive, in Moscow, Russia, Sunday, Dec. 22, 2024. (AP)
TT

Russia Warns the United States against Possible Nuclear Testing under Trump

A woman takes a tour of the Bunker-703, a recently declassified nuclear-resistant bomb shelter built in 1961 at a depth of 43 meters (141 feet) for the Soviet Foreign Affairs Ministry archive, in Moscow, Russia, Sunday, Dec. 22, 2024. (AP)
A woman takes a tour of the Bunker-703, a recently declassified nuclear-resistant bomb shelter built in 1961 at a depth of 43 meters (141 feet) for the Soviet Foreign Affairs Ministry archive, in Moscow, Russia, Sunday, Dec. 22, 2024. (AP)

Russia's point man for arms control cautioned Donald Trump's incoming administration on Friday against resuming nuclear testing, saying Moscow would keep its own options open amid what he said was Washington's "extremely hostile" stance.

The resumption of testing by the world's two biggest nuclear powers would usher in a new and precarious era nearly 80 years since the United States tested the first nuclear bomb at Alamogordo, New Mexico in July 1945.

Russia, the United States and China are all undertaking major modernizations of their nuclear arsenals just as the arms control treaties of the Cold War era between the Soviet Union and the United States crumble.

In an explicit signal to Washington, Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov, who oversees arms control, said Trump had taken a radical position on the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) during his first term.

"The international situation is extremely difficult at the moment, the American policy in its various aspects is extremely hostile to us today," Ryabkov was quoted as saying in an interview with Russia's Kommersant newspaper.

"So, the options for us to act in the interests of ensuring security and the potential measures and actions we have to do this - and to send politically appropriate signals... does not rule anything out."

During Trump's first 2017-2021 term as president, his administration discussed whether or not to conduct the first US nuclear test since 1992, the Washington Post reported in 2020.

In 2023 President Vladimir Putin formally revoked Russia's ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), bringing his country into line with the United States.

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed by Russia in 1996 and ratified in 2000. The United States signed the treaty in 1996 but has not ratified it.

NUCLEAR TEST?

There are fears among some arms control experts that the United States is moving towards a return to testing as a way to develop new weapons and at the same time send a signal to rivals such as Russia and China.

Russia, with 5,580 warheads, and the United States, with 5,044, are by far the world's biggest nuclear powers, holding about 88% of the world's nuclear weapons, according to the Federation of American Scientists. China has about 500 warheads.

In the five decades between 1945 and the 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, over 2,000 nuclear tests were carried out, 1,032 of them by the United States and 715 of them by the Soviet Union, according to the United Nations.

Post-Soviet Russia has not carried out a nuclear test. The Soviet Union last tested in 1990.

Putin has said Russia would consider testing a nuclear weapon if the United States did. Last month Putin lowered the threshold for a nuclear strike in response to a broader range of conventional attacks, and after Moscow said Ukraine had struck deep inside Russia with US-made ATACMS missiles.

Since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, only a few countries have tested nuclear weapons, according to the Arms Control Association: the United States last tested in 1992, China and France in 1996, India and Pakistan in 1998, and North Korea in 2017.