Lebanese Security Forces Turn Nejmeh Square into a Fortress

Lebanese men pass in front of a coffee shop that was smashed by anti-government protesters, during a protest against the new government, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. (AP Photo/Hussein Malla)
Lebanese men pass in front of a coffee shop that was smashed by anti-government protesters, during a protest against the new government, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. (AP Photo/Hussein Malla)
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Lebanese Security Forces Turn Nejmeh Square into a Fortress

Lebanese men pass in front of a coffee shop that was smashed by anti-government protesters, during a protest against the new government, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. (AP Photo/Hussein Malla)
Lebanese men pass in front of a coffee shop that was smashed by anti-government protesters, during a protest against the new government, in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Jan. 22, 2020. (AP Photo/Hussein Malla)

Downtown Beirut has been transformed into a construction site, with workers putting iron shields on the facades of upscale shops after being damaged by stone-throwing protesters.

Confrontations between security forces and the protesters in the vicinity of the parliament compelled owners to protect their stores with armor panels, especially that customers are totally abstaining from visiting the shops, as one owner said.

Tony, who owns a store that sells mobile phones and other electronic devices, says that his shop's windows were shattered two days ago. However, this did not prevent him from continuing to work normally, staying in his shop until the evening.

“I close up and flee when the violence starts and the situation intensifies. People have the right to demand their rights, and this right must be preserved. However, what is happening is down purely to their hatred; they did not steal anything, content with just destroying.”

An employee at a clothing store nearby says that “downtown Beirut has become a frontline. The demonstrators did not leave a facade, tree, or anything else undamaged. We do not know how long we can continue, or when they will dismiss us from our jobs. We open our doors only to close them.”

He adds “The government will not change anything. The country is done. The corner that leads to Banks Street has been replaced ... with a huge new black gate that opens or closes depending on the orders of the security forces stationed inside it.”

“Only those who are given permission can enter the street, whether on foot or in cars. The street has become a huge barracks, occupied by dozens of trucks and hundreds of internal security forces and riot squads.

The security forces have also isolated themselves behind barricades, thereby transforming Nejmeh Square into an impenetrable fortress.

A journalist told Asharq Al-Awsat that his “shift has been starting at four in the afternoon and continuing till as late as 3 am since the protest movement started. The scene has changed a lot from what it was like in the beginning. In the past, riots were associated with young people coming from the Khandaq al-Ghamiq. Today, the majority of them come from Akkar, as their accent indicates.”

He adds: “It is not easy for me to watch my city being destroyed; I feel an urge to throw my camera aside and defend my city. The city that Rafik Hariri built after the civil war and was martyred in is under the most violent attacks these days. What will they gain from uprooting trees and throwing at the security forces?”

However, one of the protesters at Martyrs' Square refuses to describe the angry demonstrators as intrusive. He tells Asharq Al-Awsat that the authorities are responsible for everything that is happening.

“What they stole over all these years amounts to much more than the little glass and stone that was uprooted. We will not stop until this regime falls,” he says.



What Happens When Russian Gas to Europe Via Ukraine Stops?

A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
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What Happens When Russian Gas to Europe Via Ukraine Stops?

A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo

Austria's energy company OMV was informed by Gazprom that the Russian gas producer would halt deliveries of natural gas via Ukraine to OMV from 0500 GMT on Nov. 16 following OMV winning an arbitration case. Supplies of Russian gas to Europe via Ukraine may completely stop from Jan. 1 2025 after the current five-year deal expires as Kyiv has refused to negotiate the new terms of the transit with Moscow during the war.
Here is what happens if Russian gas transit via Ukraine is completely turned off and who will be affected most, according to Reuters.
HOW BIG ARE THE VOLUMES?
Russian gas supplies to Europe via Ukraine are relatively small. Russia shipped about 15 billion cubic meters (bcm) of gas via Ukraine in 2023 - only 8% of peak Russian gas flows to Europe via various routes in 2018-2019.
Russia spent half a century building its European gas market share, which at its peak stood at 35%.
Moscow lost its share to rivals such as Norway, the United States and Qatar since the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, prompting the EU to cut its dependence on Russian gas.
EU gas prices rallied in 2022 to record highs after the loss of Russian supplies. The rally won't be repeated given modest volumes and a small number of customers for the remaining volumes, according to EU officials and traders.
UKRAINIAN ROUTE
The Soviet-era Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod pipeline brings gas from Siberia via the town of Sudzha - now under control of Ukrainian military forces - in Russia's Kursk region. It then flows through Ukraine to Slovakia.
In Slovakia, the gas pipeline splits into branches going to the Czech Republic and Austria.
Austria still receives most of its gas via Ukraine, while Russia accounts for around two-thirds of Hungary's gas imports.
Slovakia takes around 3 bcm from energy giant Gazprom per year, also about two-thirds of its needs.
Czech Republic almost completely cut gas imports from the east last year, but has started taking gas from Russia in 2024.
Most other Russian gas routes to Europe are shut including Yamal-Europe via Belarus and Nord Stream under the Baltic.
The only other operational Russian gas pipeline route to Europe is the Blue Stream and TurkStream to Türkiye under the Black Sea. Türkiye sends some Russian gas volumes onward to Europe including to Hungary.
WHY DOES THE UKRAINIAN ROUTE STILL WORK?
While remaining Russian gas transit volumes are small, the issue remains a dilemma for the EU. Many EU members such as France and Germany have said they would not buy Russian gas anymore but the stance of Slovakia, Hungary and Austria, which have closer ties to Moscow, challenges the EU common approach.
The countries, who still receive Russian gas, argue it is the most economic fuel and also blame neighboring EU countries for imposing high transit fees for alternative supplies.
Ukraine still earns $0.8-$1 billion in transit fees from Russian gas transit. Russia earns over $3 billion on sales via Ukraine based on an average gas price of $200 per 1,000 cubic meters, according to Reuters calculations.
Russia's gas pipeline export monopoly Gazprom plunged to a net loss of $7 billion in 2023, its first annual loss since 1999, because of the loss EU's gas markets.
Russia has said it would be ready to extend the transit deal but Kyiv has repeatedly said it won't do it.
Another option is for Gazprom to supply some of the gas via another route, for example via TurkStream, Bulgaria, Serbia or Hungary. However, capacity via these routes is limited.
The EU and Ukraine have also asked Azerbaijan to facilitate discussions with Russia regarding the gas transit deal, an Azeri presidential advisor told Reuters, who declined to give further details.