Researchers Explore Rare Case of Crocodile Mummification

Technicians restore a mummified crocodile at the Louvre-Lens museum for the exhibition Animals and Pharaohs. (AFP)
Technicians restore a mummified crocodile at the Louvre-Lens museum for the exhibition Animals and Pharaohs. (AFP)
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Researchers Explore Rare Case of Crocodile Mummification

Technicians restore a mummified crocodile at the Louvre-Lens museum for the exhibition Animals and Pharaohs. (AFP)
Technicians restore a mummified crocodile at the Louvre-Lens museum for the exhibition Animals and Pharaohs. (AFP)

Although Ancient Egyptians mummified thousands of animals over the course of one millennium, many details of these mummification protocols remain unknown.

A new study that examined an Egyptian crocodile mummy at the Musée des Confluences (Lyon, France) dating back to the Late Period (722–332 BC) has revealed new exciting details in this field.

It was believed that ancient Egyptians preserved the internal organs of animals during mummification in all ages. However, the new study conducted on the crocodile mummy found in the French Museum, showed that everything beneath the skin of the crocodile including the organs, muscles, and even most of the skeleton was removed.

According to the study published in the PLOS One journal, French researchers at the Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography Facility at the Paul-Valéry University, Montpelier, used the Propagation Phase-Contrast X-ray Synchrotron microtomography technique that provides accurate 3D images of the materials and tissues that cannot be easily observed with the conventional X-ray techniques.

Imaging showed that all organs and most of the bones, except for the head and limbs, were removed in preparation for embalming, through a single incision that runs along the ventral side of the crocodile from the throat to the tail. The emptied parts were stuffed with a variety of plants, most of which are herbs.

In the introduction of their study, the researchers said they didn't explore the plants, but they preserved them for future studies that could provide additional information about the nature and context of this rare practice.

Egyptian Archaeologists Dr. Khaled Salam, professor of ancient Egyptian antiquities at Zagazig University, believes that this rare practice took place in the Late Period and aimed at giving the crocodile more sanctity by treating it like humans.

Salam suggested that the internal organs were removed to avoid the growth of bacteria that may spoil the mummy.



Spider Lovers Scurry to Colorado Town in Search of Mating Tarantulas, Community

A male tarantula looks for a mate on the plains near La Junta, Colo., on Friday, Sept. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Thomas Peipert)
A male tarantula looks for a mate on the plains near La Junta, Colo., on Friday, Sept. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Thomas Peipert)
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Spider Lovers Scurry to Colorado Town in Search of Mating Tarantulas, Community

A male tarantula looks for a mate on the plains near La Junta, Colo., on Friday, Sept. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Thomas Peipert)
A male tarantula looks for a mate on the plains near La Junta, Colo., on Friday, Sept. 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Thomas Peipert)

Love is in the air on the Colorado plains - the kind that makes your heart beat a bit faster, quickens your step and makes the hair on the back of your neck stand up.

It's tarantula mating season, when male spiders scurry out of their burrows in search of a mate, and hundreds of arachnophiles flock to the small farming town of La Junta to watch them emerge in droves.

Scientists, spider enthusiasts and curious Colorado families piled into buses just before dusk last weekend as tarantulas began to roam the dry, rolling plains. Some used flashlights and car headlights to spot the arachnids once the sun set.

Back in town, festivalgoers flaunted their tarantula-like traits in a hairy leg contest - a woman claimed the title this year - and paraded around in vintage cars with giant spiders on the hoods. The 1990 cult classic film "Arachnophobia," which follows a small town similarly overrun with spiders, screened downtown at the historic Fox Theater.

According to The AP, for residents of La Junta, tarantulas aren't the nightmarish creatures often depicted on the silver screen. They're an important part of the local ecosystem and a draw for people around the US who might have otherwise never visited the tight-knit town in southeastern Colorado.

Word spread quickly among neighbors about all the people they had met from out of town during the third year of the tarantula festival.

Among them was Nathan Villareal, a tarantula breeder from Santa Monica, California, who said he heard about the mating season and knew it was a spectacle he needed to witness. Villareal sells tarantulas as pets to people around the US and said he has been fascinated with them since childhood.

"Colorado Brown" tarantulas are the most common in the La Junta area, and they form their burrows in the largely undisturbed prairies of the Comanche National Grassland.

In September and October, the mature males wander in search of a female's burrow, which she typically marks with silk webbing. Peak viewing time is an hour before dusk when the heat of the day dies down.

"We saw at least a dozen tarantulas on the road, and then we went back afterwards and saw another dozen more," Villareal said.

Male tarantulas take around seven years to reach reproductive readiness, then spend the rest of their lifespan searching for a mate, said Cara Shillington, a biology professor at Eastern Michigan University who studies arachnids. They typically live for about a year after reaching sexual maturity, while females can live for 20 years or more.

The males grow to be about 5 inches long and develop a pair of appendages on their heads that they use to drum outside a female's burrow. She will crawl to the surface if she is a willing mate, and the male will hook its legs onto her fangs.

Their coupling is quick, as the male tries to get away before he is eaten by the female, who tends to be slightly larger and needs extra nutrients to sustain her pregnancy.

Like many who attended the festival, Shillington is passionate about teaching people not to fear tarantulas and other spiders. Tarantulas found in North America tend to be docile creatures, she explained. Their venom is not considered dangerous to humans but can cause pain and irritation.

"When you encounter them, they're more afraid of you," Shillington said. "Tarantulas only bite out of fear. This is the only way that they have to protect themselves, and if you don't put them in a situation where they feel like they have to bite, then there is no reason to fear them."

Many children who attended the festival with their families learned that spiders are not as scary as they might seem. Roslyn Gonzales, 13, said she couldn't wait to go searching for spiders come sunset.

For graduate student Goran Shikak, whose arm was crawling with spider tattoos, the yearly festival represents an opportunity to celebrate tarantulas with others who share his fascination.

"They're beautiful creatures," said Shikak, an arachnology student at the University of Colorado Denver. "And getting to watch them do what they do ... is a joy and experience that's worth watching in the wild."