Beirut Temporarily Retreats over Coronavirus

The so-called Ring Highway in Beirut
The so-called Ring Highway in Beirut
TT

Beirut Temporarily Retreats over Coronavirus

The so-called Ring Highway in Beirut
The so-called Ring Highway in Beirut

Neither my generation nor even the generation before us perhaps, has ever been faced with similarly unjust circumstances: For something to suddenly emerge and ravage everything that humans had worked hard to achieve.

Life was not rosy before, we were always on the cusp of war, but what we are now facing is a different enemy, one that forces us to reverse our priorities.

Disputes between sects, classes, generations, political systems and ideologies took a back foot. The panic that this pandemic instills in people stems from a feeling that we are all part of an unfair battle that demands constant vigilance against virtually nothing.

These invisible nanoparticles, however, could be spread by your mother, father, son, daughter, girlfriend or spouse, turning everyone you love into a source of fear. These particles can kill you without having to find a moral or legal justification. Life imitates art in many respects, and we are all protagonist K of the Kafka novel The Trial, tried and hanged without ever knowing what crime he had committed to deserve such a tragic fate. Are we not nameless, ageless and without titles facing this stealthy wolf? Are we not Ks who have not been granted anything but barrels of tyranny and frightening deadly blades of dark belligerent forces? Those who survived both are now facing an even more terrifying and arbitrary enemy.

Beirut, previously known as the “pearl of the east,” has never been stable. After a months-long political earthquake caused by the corrupt sectarian power-sharing confessional system, which has led the country to bankruptcy, the coronavirus emerges. At first, the Lebanese took it very lightly, but it soon forced them to stay at home.

While Beirut’s situation is not the worst, the virus has struck an exhausted city with a weak immunity. It had closed in on itself even before the state of medical emergency was declared and movement on its narrow borders were curtailed. Its neighborhoods are almost deserted, and its streets are traveled by only a few cars, and a few passersby who stare, stunned at the emptiness and silence. Those who dare move around, out of curiosity, to work, or sheer adventurism, interact with one another with extreme and obsessive caution. A sneeze or a cough is enough to potentially incite the same kind of panic that an enemy sonic boom or bomb would cause.

Hamra Street does not look like itself. Most of its establishments and stores are closed and those that are open have no customers. Most of those I came across were either panhandlers or homeless, or they were stockpiling basic goods. The cafes were empty, with most of their intellectuals at home. As for the downtown area, where revolutionaries had gathered, most of its tents were empty.

Sartre’s famous phrase, “Hell is other people”, comes to mind as the city is paralyzed by its residents' fear of everyone they meet and greet. Even beauty is lost in times like these, as it turns into potential for the spread of the virus. However, there is another side to this image, represented by those anonymous soldiers who deliberately volunteer to deter danger from the residents of their capital. These are the many Fida’i doctors and nurses in the health sector. Not having any preference for any identity, ideology, sect, class or age, this pandemic was able to mobilize all social forces to confront it. Once the city succeeds in resecting it, the regime will return to its corruption and the revolution to the streets.



Long Silenced by Fear, Syrians Now Speak about Rampant Torture under Assad

People walk through a corridor of Syria's infamous Saydnaya military prison, just north of Damascus, Syria, on Dec. 9, 2024. (AP)
People walk through a corridor of Syria's infamous Saydnaya military prison, just north of Damascus, Syria, on Dec. 9, 2024. (AP)
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Long Silenced by Fear, Syrians Now Speak about Rampant Torture under Assad

People walk through a corridor of Syria's infamous Saydnaya military prison, just north of Damascus, Syria, on Dec. 9, 2024. (AP)
People walk through a corridor of Syria's infamous Saydnaya military prison, just north of Damascus, Syria, on Dec. 9, 2024. (AP)

Handcuffed and squatting on the floor, Abdullah Zahra saw smoke rising from his cellmate’s flesh as his torturers gave him electric shocks.

Then it was Zahra’s turn. They hanged the 20-year-old university student from his wrists and electrocuted and beat him for two hours. They made his father watch and taunted him about his son’s torment.

That was 2012, and the entire security apparatus of Syria’s then-President Bashar Assad was deployed to crush the protests against his rule.

With Assad’s fall a month ago, the machinery of death that he ran is starting to come out into the open.

It was systematic and well-organized, growing to more than 100 detention facilities into which tens of thousands disappeared over more than a decade. Torture, sexual violence and mass executions were rampant, according to rights groups and former prisoners.

A blanket of fear kept Syrians silent about their experiences or lost loved ones. But now, everyone is talking. After the insurgents who swept Assad out of power on Dec. 8 opened prisons and detention facilities, crowds swarmed in, searching for answers, bodies of loved ones, and ways to heal.

The Associated Press visited seven of these facilities in Damascus and spoke to nine former detainees. Some details of the accounts by those who spoke to the AP could not be independently confirmed, but they matched past reports by former detainees to human rights groups.

Days after Assad’s fall, Zahra — now 33 — came to visit Branch 215, a detention facility run by military intelligence in Damascus where he was held for two months.

There, he said, he was kept in a windowless underground cell, 4-by-4-meters (yards) and crammed with 100 other inmates. When ventilators were cut off -- either intentionally or because of a power failure -- some suffocated. Men went mad; torture wounds festered. When a cellmate died, they stowed his body next to the cell’s toilet until jailers collected corpses, Zahra said.

“Death was the least bad thing,” he said. “We reached a place where death was easier than staying here for one minute.”

A member of the security forces for the new interim Syrian government stands next to prison cells at the Palestine Branch, a detention facility operated by the General Intelligence Agency during Bashar al-Assad's regime, in Damascus, Syria, on Dec. 14, 2024. (AP)

Assad’s system of repression grew as civil war raged

After he and his father were released, Zahra fled to opposition-held areas. Within a few months, security agents returned and dragged off 13 of his male relatives, including a younger brother and, again, his father.

All were killed. Zahra later recognized their bodies among photos leaked by a defector showing thousands killed in detention. Their bodies were never recovered.

Rights groups estimate at least 150,000 people went missing since anti-government protests began in 2011, most vanishing into detention facilities. Many were killed, either in mass executions or from torture and prison conditions. The exact number remains unknown.

Even before the uprising, Assad had ruled with an iron fist. But as protests turned into a civil war that would last 14 years, Assad expanded his system of repression. New detention facilities run by military, security and intelligence agencies sprung up in security compounds, military airports and under buildings.

At Branch 215, Zahra hoped to find some sign of his lost relatives. But there was nothing. At home, his aunt, Rajaa Zahra, looked at the leaked pictures of her killed children for the first time – something she had long refused to do. She lost four of her six sons in Assad’s crackdowns. Her brother, she said, lost two of his three sons.

“They were hoping to finish off all the young men of the country.”

A site believed to be a mass grave for detainees killed under Bashar al-Assad's rule is visible in Najha, south of Damascus, Syria, on Dec. 17, 2024. (AP)

Syrians were tortured with ‘the tire’ and ‘magic carpet’

The tortures had names. One was called the “magic carpet,” where a detainee was strapped to a hinged wooden plank that bends in half, folding his head to his feet, which were then beaten.

Abdul-Karim Hajeko said he endured this five times. His torturers stomped on his back during interrogations at the Criminal Security branch, and his vertebrae are still broken.

“My screams would go to heaven. Once a doctor came down from the fourth floor (to the ground floor) because of my screams,” he said.

He was also put in “the tire.” His legs were bent inside a car tire as interrogators beat his back and feet. Afterward, they ordered him to kiss the tire and thank it for teaching him “how to behave.”

Many prisoners said the tire was inflicted for rule violations -- like making noise, raising one’s head in front of guards, or praying – or for no reason at all.

Saleh Turki Yahia said a cellmate died nearly every day during the seven months in 2012 he was held at the Palestine Branch, a detention facility run by the General Intelligence Agency. He said he was given electric shocks, hanged from his wrists, beaten on his feet. He lost half his body weight and nearly tore his own skin scratching from scabies.

“They broke us,” he said, breaking into tears as he visited the Palestine Branch. “A whole generation is destroyed.”

Documents are scattered around Branch 215, a detention facility run by Bashar al-Assad's regime, in Damascus, Syria, on Dec. 17, 2024. (AP)

The mounting evidence will be used in trials

Now comes the monumental task of accounting for the missing and compiling evidence that could one day be used to prosecute Assad’s officials, whether by Syrian or international courts.

Hundreds of thousands of documents remain scattered throughout detention facilities. Some seen by the AP included transcripts of phone conversations; intelligence files on activists; and a list of hundreds of prisoners killed in detention. At least 15 mass graves have been identified around Damascus and elsewhere around the country.

A UN body known as the International Impartial and Independent Mechanism has offered to help the new interim administration in collecting, organizing and analyzing all the material. Since 2011, it has been compiling evidence and supporting investigations in over 200 criminal cases against figures in Assad’s government.

Many want answers now.

Officials cannot just declare that the missing are presumed dead, said Wafaa Mustafa, a Syrian journalist, whose father was detained and killed 12 years ago.

“No one gets to tell the families what happened without evidence, without search, without work.”