Flamingos Build Long-lasting Friendships

Flamingos stand in a pond of their snow-covered enclosure at
the zoo in Hanover, central Germany. (Christoph Schmidt/Getty Images)
Flamingos stand in a pond of their snow-covered enclosure at the zoo in Hanover, central Germany. (Christoph Schmidt/Getty Images)
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Flamingos Build Long-lasting Friendships

Flamingos stand in a pond of their snow-covered enclosure at
the zoo in Hanover, central Germany. (Christoph Schmidt/Getty Images)
Flamingos stand in a pond of their snow-covered enclosure at the zoo in Hanover, central Germany. (Christoph Schmidt/Getty Images)

A new research revealed that flamingos, like human, form social bonds for a variety of reasons.

According to scientists, these birds form friendships that last for years and "choose to hang out" with each other.

A five-year study found the distinctive pink birds, known to be highly sociable as part of a large flock, often prefer to spend time with specific close "friends" within their group, the Independent reported.

They even appear to avoid certain individuals they don't get on with, said researchers at the University of Exeter.

The team behind the study found social bonds including "married" couples, same-sex friendships and even groups of three and four close friends while examining four flamingo species.

Dr. Paul Rose, author of the study, published in the journal Behavioral Processes, said the findings showed "flamingo societies are complex."

"They are formed of long-standing friendships rather than loose, random connections. If flamingos don't find a mate, they spend their time alone, he said.

"Some mating couples spend much of their time together, but lots of other social bonds also exist. We see pairs of males or females choosing to 'hang out', we see trios and quartets that are regularly together," he noted.



Droughts in Iraq Endanger Buffalo, and Farmers' Livelihoods

A man provides fresh drinking water for his buffaloes, in the Chebayesh marshes of Dhi Qar province, Iraq, April 18, 2025. REUTERS/Alaa Al-Marjani
A man provides fresh drinking water for his buffaloes, in the Chebayesh marshes of Dhi Qar province, Iraq, April 18, 2025. REUTERS/Alaa Al-Marjani
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Droughts in Iraq Endanger Buffalo, and Farmers' Livelihoods

A man provides fresh drinking water for his buffaloes, in the Chebayesh marshes of Dhi Qar province, Iraq, April 18, 2025. REUTERS/Alaa Al-Marjani
A man provides fresh drinking water for his buffaloes, in the Chebayesh marshes of Dhi Qar province, Iraq, April 18, 2025. REUTERS/Alaa Al-Marjani

Iraq’s buffalo population has more than halved in a decade as the country's two main rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, suffer severe droughts that endanger the livelihood of many farmers and breeders.
"People have left ... We are a small number of houses remaining," said farmer Sabah Ismail, 38, who rears buffalo in the southern province of Dhi Qar.
"The situation is difficult ... I had 120 to 130 buffalo; now I only have 50 to 60. Some died, and we sold some because of the drought," said Ismail while tending his herd.
Buffalo have been farmed for centuries in Iraq for their milk, and are mentioned in ancient Sumerian inscriptions from the region.
According to Iraqi marshland experts, the root causes of the water crisis driving farmers out of the countryside are climate change, upstream damming in Türkiye and Iran, outdated domestic irrigation techniques and a lack of long-term management plans.
The country has also endured decades of warfare.
Located within the cultivable lands known as the Fertile Crescent that have been farmed for millennia, the Iraqi landscape has suffered from upstream damming of the Tigris and Euphrates and lower rainfall, threatening the lifestyle of farmers like Ismail and leading many to move to the cities.
Iraqi marshland expert Jassim al-Assadi told Reuters that the number of buffalo in Iraq had fallen since 2015 from 150,000 to fewer than 65,000.
The decline is "mostly due to natural reasons: the lack of needed green pastures, pollution, illness ... and also farmers refraining from farming buffalos due to scarcity of income," al-Assadi said.
A drastic decline in crop production and a rise in fodder prices have also left farmers struggling to feed their animals.
The difficulty of maintaining a livelihood in Iraq's drought-stricken rural areas has contributed to growing migration towards the country's already-choked urban centers.
"This coming summer, God only knows, the mortality rate may reach half," said Abdul Hussain Sbaih, 39, an Iraqi buffalo breeder.