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How Have Internationally Sanctioned Suspects Reemerged in Libya?

An armored personnel vehicle drives down a street in the Libyan coastal city of Surman on April 13, 2020. (AFP)
An armored personnel vehicle drives down a street in the Libyan coastal city of Surman on April 13, 2020. (AFP)
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How Have Internationally Sanctioned Suspects Reemerged in Libya?

An armored personnel vehicle drives down a street in the Libyan coastal city of Surman on April 13, 2020. (AFP)
An armored personnel vehicle drives down a street in the Libyan coastal city of Surman on April 13, 2020. (AFP)

The sudden appearance of Ahmed al-Dabashi, a prominent human trafficker on an international blacklist, in Libya after a two-year absence has raised many questions. Dabashi, also known as "Ammu", had emerged in the western city of Sabratha, days after the Government of National Accord (GNA), captured it.

The United Nations Security Council had in June 2018 imposed sanctions against four Libyans, including Dabashi, for human trafficking. Since then, he had disappeared from Libya, until last week, when he was seen with other wanted suspects among the GNA forces.

His emergence coincided with Libyan National Army (LNA) spokesman Ahmed al-Mismari's announcement that members of the al-Qaeda, ISIS and Ansar al-Sharia extremist groups had taken part in the attack launched by the GNA against Sabratha, Surman and several other cities on the western coast.

Head of a research and studies institute in Libya, Jamal Shalouf, told Asharq Al-Awsat that internationally wanted fugitives are fighting alongside the GNA. They include Dabashi and Abdulrahman al-Miladi, also known as "al-Bidja".

He revealed that some 400 prisoners have been released from Surman jail, according to GNA justice ministry estimates. Some of the released inmates include suspects charged with supporting ISIS in Sabratha.

"Many of the prisoners have a long history of kidnapping, murder and armed robbery," he added.

The wanted international fugitives will try to "impose themselves" on the scene in Libya through reprisals against the people, especially LNA supporters, warned Shalouf.

Mismari had on Sunday announced that Saleh al-Dabashi, Ahmed's brother, was arrested by the LNA in al-Twaisha region south of Tripoli.

Saleh is a major human trafficker in the region and he was detained along with several mercenaries and Libyan fugitives.

Head of of the Republican Coalition party Ezzeddine Aguil said the emergence Ammu, or the "emperor of human trafficking" as he described him, "clearly means that several European countries were supporting militias in order to stem the flow of illegal migrants towards them."

He cited several media reports throughout the past two years that spoke of him receiving finds from Italian intelligence to stop the trafficking of people from Libya to Europe.

A spokesman for the GNA military operation against the LNA, Mustafa al-Majei dismissed claims that the government forces had released ISIS prisoners.

"Such allegations are only meant to deflect from the defeat," he told Asharq Al-Awsat.

He instead accused parties affiliated with the east-based government of releasing over 300 prisoners "in order to spread chaos" in liberated cities.

"We welcomed a United Nations investigation into the incident and we have cooperated with it to reveal the truth to all," he added.

"We do not harbor wanted terrorists," he stressed, saying all the LNA did was circulate photos of "Ammu" and adding that he is wanted on fuel smuggling, not terrorism, charges.

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They Fled War in Sudan. But they Haven't Been Able to Flee the Hunger

Sudanese refugees arrive in Acre, Chad, Sunday, Oct 6. 2024. (AP Photo/Sam Mednick)
Sudanese refugees arrive in Acre, Chad, Sunday, Oct 6. 2024. (AP Photo/Sam Mednick)
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They Fled War in Sudan. But they Haven't Been Able to Flee the Hunger

Sudanese refugees arrive in Acre, Chad, Sunday, Oct 6. 2024. (AP Photo/Sam Mednick)
Sudanese refugees arrive in Acre, Chad, Sunday, Oct 6. 2024. (AP Photo/Sam Mednick)

For months, Aziza Abrahim fled from one village in Sudan to the next as people were slaughtered. Yet the killing of relatives and her husband's disappearance aren't what forced the 23-year-old to leave the country for good. It was hunger, she said.
“We don’t have anything to eat because of the war,” Abrahim said, cradling her 1-year-old daughter under the sheet where she now shelters, days after crossing into Chad, The Associated Press reported.
The war in Sudan has created vast hunger, including famine. It has pushed people off their farms. Food in the markets is sparse, prices have spiked and aid groups say they’re struggling to reach the most vulnerable as warring parties limit access.
Some 24,000 people have been killed and millions displaced during the war that erupted in April 2023, sparked by tensions between the military and the Rapid Support Forces. Global experts confirmed famine in the Zamzam displacement camp in July. They warn that some 25 million people — more than half of Sudan’s population — are expected to face acute hunger this year.
“People are starving to death at the moment ... It’s man-made. It’s these men with guns and power who deny women and children food,” Jan Egeland, head of the Norwegian Refugee Council, told AP. Warring parties on both sides are blocking assistance and delaying authorization for aid groups, he said.
Between May and September, there were seven malnutrition-related deaths among children in one hospital at a displacement site in Chad run by Doctors Without Borders, known by its French acronym MSF. Such deaths can be from disease in hunger-weakened bodies.
In September, MSF was forced to stop caring for 5,000 malnourished children in North Darfur for several weeks, citing repeated, deliberate obstructions and blockades. US President Joe Biden has called on both sides to allow unhindered access and stop killing civilians.
But the fighting shows no signs of slowing. More than 2,600 people were killed across the country in October, according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project, which called it the bloodiest month of the war.
Violence is intensifying around North Darfur's capital, El Fasher, the only capital in the vast western Darfur region that the RSF doesn't hold. Darfur has experienced some of the war's worst atrocities, and the International Criminal Court prosecutor has said there are grounds to believe both sides may be committing war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide.
Abrahim escaped her village in West Darfur and sought refuge for more than a year in nearby towns with friends and relatives. Her husband had left home to find work before the war, and she hasn’t heard from him since.
She struggled to eat and feed their daughter. Unable to farm, she cut wood and sold it in Chad, traveling eight hours by donkey there and back every few days, earning enough to buy grain. But after a few months the wood ran out, forcing her to leave for good.
Others who have fled to Chad described food prices spiking three-fold and stocks dwindling in the market. There were no vegetables, just grains and nuts.
Awatif Adam came to Chad in October. Her husband wasn't making enough transporting people with his donkey cart, and it was too risky to farm, she said. Her 6-year-old twin girls and 3-year-old son lost weight and were always hungry.
“My children were saying all the time, ‘Mom, give us food’,” she said. Their cries drove her to leave.
As more people stream into Chad, aid groups worry about supporting them.
Some 700,000 Sudanese have entered since the war began. Many live in squalid refugee camps or shelter at the border in makeshift displacement sites. And the number of arrivals at the Adre crossing between August and October jumped from 6,100 to 14,800, according to government and UN data., though it was not clear whether some people entered multiple times.
Earlier this year, the World Food Program cut rations by roughly half in Chad, citing a lack of funding.
While there's now enough money to return to full rations until the start of next year, more arrivals will strain the system and more hunger will result if funding doesn't keep pace, said Ramazani Karabaye, head of the World Food Program's operations in Adre.
During an AP visit to Adre in October, some people who fled Sudan at the start of the war said they were still struggling.
Khadiga Omer Adam said she doesn't have enough aid or money to eat regularly, which has complicated breastfeeding her already malnourished daughter, Salma Issa. The 35-year-old gave birth during the war's initial days, delivering alone in West Darfur. It was too dangerous for a midwife to reach her.
Adam had clutched the baby as she fled through villages, begging for food. More than a year later, she sat on a hospital bed holding a bag of fluid above her daughter, who was fed through a tube in her nose.
“I have confidence in the doctors ... I believe she'll improve, I don't think she'll die," she said.
The MSF-run clinic in the Aboutengue camp admitted more than 340 cases of severely malnourished children in August and September. Staff fear that number could rise. The arid climate in Chad south of the Sahara Desert means it's hard to farm, and there's little food variety, health workers said.
People are fleeing Sudan into difficult conditions, said Dr. Oula Dramane Ouattara, head of MSF's medical activities in the camp.
”If things go on like this, I’m afraid the situation will get out of control," he said.