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Arab Coalition Urges All Yemen Parties to Return to Riyadh Agreement

Saudi military vehicles patrol Aden after Yemen separatists declared self-rule in the south of the country. (AFP)
Saudi military vehicles patrol Aden after Yemen separatists declared self-rule in the south of the country. (AFP)
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Arab Coalition Urges All Yemen Parties to Return to Riyadh Agreement

Saudi military vehicles patrol Aden after Yemen separatists declared self-rule in the south of the country. (AFP)
Saudi military vehicles patrol Aden after Yemen separatists declared self-rule in the south of the country. (AFP)

The Arab Coalition supporting Yemen’s UN-recognized government urged all parties in Yemen to return to the Riyadh Agreement following a surprising declaration of “self-rule” in Aden by the Southern Transitional Council (STC).

“We stress the need to restore conditions to their previous state in the interim capital Aden. Following the surprising announcement of a state of emergency by the Southern Transitional Council, we re-emphasize the need to promptly implement the Riyadh Agreement,” the Coalition said in a statement on Monday.

The Coalition, which is led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, stressed “the need to restore conditions to their previous state following the announcement of a state of emergency by the Southern Transitional Council and the consequential development of affairs in the capital (Aden) and some Southern governorates in Yemen.”

It urged all parties to immediately end any steps contrary to the Riyadh Agreement, “and work rapidly towards its implementation,” citing the wide support for the agreement by the international community and the United Nations.

“The Coalition has and will continue to undertake practical and systematic steps to implement the Riyadh Agreement between the parties to unite Yemeni ranks, restore state institutions and combat the scourge of terrorism. The responsibility rests with the signatories to the Agreement to undertake national steps toward implementing its provisions, which were signed and agreed upon with a timeframe for implementation,” the statement added.

It also demanded “an end to any escalatory actions and calls for return to the Agreement by the participating parties, stressing the immediate need for implementation without delay, and the need to prioritize the Yemeni peoples’ interests above all else, as well as working to achieve the stated goals of restoring the state, ending the coup and combatting terrorist organizations.”

The Coalition reaffirmed “its ongoing support to the legitimate Yemeni government, and its support for implementing the Riyadh Agreement, which entails forming a competent government that operate from the interim capital Aden to tackle economic and developmental challenges, in light of natural disasters such as floods, fears of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, and work to provide services to the brotherly people of Yemen.”

Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan tweeted: “The Riyadh Agreement, guarantees political cooperation for the interests of the Yemeni people, and is backed by the UN and the international community.”

“We call for restoring the conditions in Aden as they were before the STC statement, and to implement the Riyadh Agreement.”

“We in (Saudi Arabia) and United Arab Emirates strongly believe that the internationally backed Riyadh Agreement has guaranteed an opportunity for the brotherly Yemeni people to live in peace,” Saudi Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Adel al-Jubeir said in a tweet. “We reject any hostilities that will jeopardize the safety and stability of Yemen.”

Saudi Deputy Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman tweeted that the Arab coalition statement, led by Saudi Arabia and the UAE, underscores its constant commitment towards the security and stability of Yemen.

“During these challenging global times, leaders in Aden must realize their historic responsibility to keep the Yemeni people safe, and more violence will not achieve that. The Riyadh Agreement, which is backed by the international community, must be implemented,” he urged.

“We urge all parties in Aden to put the Yemeni people first and abide by commitments made in the Riyadh Agreement last November. KSA and UAE reaffirm that the agreement represents the only way forward, and we hope parties will observe their commitments” he added.

Restoring the security and stability of Yemen are among Saudi Arabia’s top priorities, stressed Prince Khalid.

Saudi Ambassador to Yemen Mohammed Al-Jaber said the Riyadh Agreement was a “practical solution to preserve Yemen’s stability and restore its institutions.”

“Saudi Arabia, the UAE and other members of the coalition have always sought the interests of the Yemeni people and they are constantly exerting efforts to implement the agreement and bridge divides between the two parties,” he said. “They will continue their efforts until the Yemeni people reach peace, security and stability.”

The legitimate Yemeni government declared the STC’s announcement of self-rule in the South as a coup against the Riyadh Agreement.

It condemned it as a continuation of the armed rebellion, noting that six provinces and local authorities have rejected the announcement and sided with the legitimate government.

The STC is a political movement that was formed in 2017. Its members describe it as an extension of the southern separatist movement that was formed after the 1994 war.

The council has accused the government of shirking its responsibilities in implementing the Riyadh Agreement. Government officials, on the other hand, have said that they have not been able to return to Aden and resume their duties.

The government slammed the STC announcement as an attempt to “escape blame from its failure to serve the people in Aden given the lack of services after all state institutions have been obstructed and the government has been prevented from practicing its duties.”

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Arab World

Sanaa's GPC Wing Deepens Submission to Houthis

A view of previous meetings of the General People’s Congress wing in Sanaa (local media)
A view of previous meetings of the General People’s Congress wing in Sanaa (local media)
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Sanaa's GPC Wing Deepens Submission to Houthis

A view of previous meetings of the General People’s Congress wing in Sanaa (local media)
A view of previous meetings of the General People’s Congress wing in Sanaa (local media)

A wing of Yemen’s General People’s Congress (GPC) operating in areas under Houthi control has moved to consolidate its alignment with the Iran-backed group, dismissing the party’s secretary general, Ghazi Ali al-Ahwal, and replacing Ahmed Ali Saleh, son of the late Yemeni president, with a figure closely associated with the Houthis in the post of deputy party leader.

The party’s General Committee, its political bureau, held a meeting in Sanaa on Thursday, chaired by Sadiq Amin Abu Ras, head of the party wing in Houthi-controlled areas.

The meeting ended with the selection of Abdulaziz bin Habtoor, the former head of the unrecognized Houthi government, as deputy party leader.

The move was widely seen as a direct response to public Houthi demands to remove the former president’s son, coupled with repeated threats to shut down the party and ban its activities.

The decision to sideline Ahmed Ali Saleh came after weeks of mounting pressure by the Houthis on the wing’s leadership.

Measures included tight security restrictions on Abu Ras’s movements and threats to dissolve the party and seize what remained of its political and organizational activity, citing the group’s full control over party headquarters and finances in Sanaa and other areas under its influence.

According to party sources, the Houthis did not stop at imposing the removal, but also demanded the appointment of a loyal figure as deputy leader in an effort to tighten their grip on what remains of the party’s decision-making structures and to prevent any potential communication with party leaders abroad or with rival political forces.

The most controversial decision was the final expulsion of al-Ahwal from party membership, around four months after his arrest by the Houthis on charges of communicating with party leaders outside the country, foremost among them Ahmed Ali Saleh.

At an earlier meeting, the wing had approved the appointment of Yahya al-Raai as secretary general to replace al-Ahwal, in addition to his role as deputy party leader alongside Abu Ras.

The party’s Organizational Oversight Authority submitted a report to the General Committee accusing al-Ahwal of harming party unity and national unity, violating internal regulations, the constitution and national principles.

The leadership used the report to justify the expulsion decision, which it said was taken unanimously, despite criticism that the secretary general remains detained under unlawful conditions without even minimal guarantees of defense or trial.

Houthi grip

Political sources in Sanaa said the appointment of bin Habtoor as deputy party leader was an attempt by the wing’s leadership to ease pressure and avoid a scenario in which the Houthis imposed a more hardline and openly loyal figure, such as Hussein Hazeb, whom the group had been pushing to appoint as first deputy leader or secretary general.

However, the same sources said the move did not prevent the Houthis from pressing ahead with their demand to permanently expel al-Ahwal, underscoring how limited the leadership’s room for maneuver has become and how key decisions are effectively made outside the party’s organizational framework.

In an apparent attempt to justify the moves, the General Committee said the General People’s Congress “has always been and will remain keen to resolve disputes within the framework of national unity,” speaking of visions related to decentralized governance and reducing centralization.

By contrast, senior party figure Jamal al-Humairi, who is based abroad, said the recent decisions were “an extension of a clear trajectory of Houthi pressure,” stressing that they were issued in a “kidnapped political and security reality” where intimidation and blackmail are used to subjugate a long-established party and strip it of its historic leadership.

He said organizational legitimacy “is derived from the grassroots, not from decisions imposed by force,” adding that the decisions “do not represent the party or its base.”

Internal anger

Inside Sanaa, party sources said there was widespread anger and rejection among party cadres over the decision to expel al-Ahwal, as well as criticism of the General Committee meeting for failing to address his detention or demand his release. They also cited frustration over the failure to address the siege imposed on the home of the wing’s leader and other senior figures.

Observers say the treatment of the Sanaa-based wing reflects a broader picture of political life being stifled in Houthi-controlled areas, where a single ideological vision is imposed on parties and only a narrow margin of activity is allowed for organizations that orbit the group.

Since the killing of former president Ali Abdullah Saleh at the end of 2017, the General People’s Congress has been deeply divided. Most of its historic leadership left Houthi-controlled areas without agreeing on a unified leadership abroad, while the Sanaa wing opted to adapt to the reality of Houthi dominance.

Meanwhile, Tareq Saleh formed a political bureau for the National Resistance Forces on the Red Sea coast, which has attracted party figures and members of parliament.

Analysts agree that the latest decisions mark a new stage in the dismantling of the party in Sanaa, turning it into a body stripped of independent will and operating under Houthi conditions, further entrenching the erosion of political pluralism in Yemen.

Arab World

Lebanon: Return of Residents Dominates Naqoura Ceasefire Mechanism Meeting

Lebanese President Joseph Aoun met with Simon Karam at Baabda Palace. Photo: Lebanese presidency
Lebanese President Joseph Aoun met with Simon Karam at Baabda Palace. Photo: Lebanese presidency
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Lebanon: Return of Residents Dominates Naqoura Ceasefire Mechanism Meeting

Lebanese President Joseph Aoun met with Simon Karam at Baabda Palace. Photo: Lebanese presidency
Lebanese President Joseph Aoun met with Simon Karam at Baabda Palace. Photo: Lebanese presidency

The committee overseeing the ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon, known as the “mechanism,” convened its 15th meeting in Naqoura, the second to include civilian representatives, with renewed focus on the return of residents to their homes on both sides of the border.

The statement issued after the meeting highlighted the importance of the return of residents on both sides of the border to their homes, and said Lebanese and Israeli representatives reaffirmed their commitment to continue efforts to support stability and work toward a permanent halt to hostilities, according to the US Embassy in Beirut.

Earlier this month, two civilian representatives, one Lebanese and one Israeli, joined the committee’s meetings in the first direct talks between the two countries in decades. The committee is led by the United States and includes representatives from France and the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).

Aoun: Return of residents is the entry point for further talks

Lebanese President Joseph Aoun met with the head of the Lebanese delegation, Simon Karam, after he took part in the meeting in Naqoura.

Aoun stressed that “the priority is the return of residents of the border villages to their towns, homes and land as an entry point to discussing all other details.”

He added that the meeting included a detailed presentation of what the Lebanese army has achieved, supported by documentation. It was agreed that Jan. 7, 2026, would be the date of the next meeting.

Netanyahu’s office: Discussion on boosting economic projects

While the US Embassy said participants focused on strengthening military cooperation between the two sides, the office of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the deputy head of the National Security Council represented Israel at the Naqoura meeting to discuss the disarmament of Hezbollah.

It added that talks also covered ways to boost economic projects to demonstrate the shared interest in removing the Hezbollah threat and ensuring lasting security for residents on both sides of the border.

US Embassy: Political and economic progress is essential

In its statement, the US Embassy in Beirut said military participants in the mechanism meeting “offered operational updates and remained focused on deepening the cooperation” between the two sides “by finding ways to increase coordination.”

“All agreed a strengthened Lebanese Armed Force, the guarantors of security in the South Litani Sector, is critical to success.”

“Civilian participants, in parallel, focused on setting conditions for residents to return safely to their homes, advancing reconstruction, and addressing economic priorities. They underscored that durable political and economic progress is essential to reinforcing security gains and sustaining lasting peace,” the statement added.

The embassy also said “participants reaffirmed that progress on security and political tracks remain mutually reinforcing and essential to ensuring long-term stability and prosperity for both parties. They look forward to the next round of regularly scheduled meetings in 2026.”

Lebanese authorities had approved earlier this month the appointment of former ambassador Simon Karam as a civilian representative to the committee’s meetings, in a move aimed at “warding off the specter of a second war” on Lebanon amid Israeli threats and continued airstrikes that Israel says target Hezbollah positions.

The authorities stressed the technical nature of the talks with Israel, aimed at halting its attacks and securing the withdrawal of its forces from areas they advanced into during the latest war.

Hezbollah described the appointment of a civilian delegate at the time as a “misstep” added to what it called the government’s “sin” of deciding to disarm the group under the ceasefire agreement.

Lebanon is facing mounting pressure from the United States and Israel to accelerate the disarmament of Hezbollah under a plan approved by the government as part of implementing the ceasefire agreement.

The Lebanese army is expected to complete the first phase of the plan in the border area south of the Litani River by the end of the year.

Arab World

Israel Turns Gaza ‘Yellow Line’ into Deadly Boundary

Palestinians carry the body of a person killed in an Israeli military strike as they arrive at Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, Friday, Dec. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Yousef Al Zanoun)
Palestinians carry the body of a person killed in an Israeli military strike as they arrive at Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, Friday, Dec. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Yousef Al Zanoun)
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Israel Turns Gaza ‘Yellow Line’ into Deadly Boundary

Palestinians carry the body of a person killed in an Israeli military strike as they arrive at Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, Friday, Dec. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Yousef Al Zanoun)
Palestinians carry the body of a person killed in an Israeli military strike as they arrive at Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, Friday, Dec. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Yousef Al Zanoun)

Israel has effectively turned the “yellow line” marked on the Gaza withdrawal map, part of a phased pullback agreed under the October ceasefire, into a de facto firing line, where approaching civilians are routinely shot, according to Palestinian officials, underscoring a widening pattern of Israeli violations of the truce.

Gaza’s health ministry and other local authorities report almost daily at least one fatal shooting near the line, whether in the north or south of the enclave, with fewer incidents in central Gaza. The highest number of cases has been recorded in the south.

Over the past 24 hours, from Thursday afternoon to Friday, four Palestinians, including a woman, were killed in the town of Bani Suheila, east of Khan Younis in southern Gaza, after repeated attacks on people trying to reach their homes. Most of the town lies at least 200 meters from the yellow line defined under the ceasefire.

Medical teams, civil defense crews and even international organizations were unable to retrieve the bodies, which remained on the ground, similar to cases reported previously.

Field sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that Israeli forces first shot and killed a woman. When a young man tried to recover her body, he was also killed. Two others were then shot dead while attempting to reach the bodies.

The sources said the number of casualties is rising due to ongoing violations around the yellow line, which Israeli forces have deliberately advanced further into Gaza.

This has caused confusion among residents trying to access what remains of their homes, areas they had previously reached safely before the line was moved deeper into the enclave.

Israel has effectively turned the yellow line into a “death trap,” the sources said, adding that most of those killed there were shot from a distance of at least 200 meters.

Nearly 400 Palestinians have been killed since the ceasefire came into force on Oct. 10 as a result of Israeli violations.

At least 220 were killed in airstrikes carried out during several major military escalations that included targeted killings of armed Palestinian faction members in homes, vehicles or gatherings.

Israel said those attacks were in response to Palestinian violations of the ceasefire, including shooting incidents in Rafah and elsewhere.

Most of the remaining deaths, about 150, resulted from gunfire and drone strikes or artillery shelling targeting Palestinians who approached the yellow line. Others were killed by unexploded ordnance or from complications related to earlier injuries.

Israel continues daily violations of the ceasefire through airstrikes, demolitions and live fire on both sides of the yellow line.

An Israeli security official told the Hebrew-language newspaper Israel Hayom on Thursday that the yellow line is now considered the new border and that Israel will not withdraw from it unless Hamas is disarmed.

The official said Israeli forces are preparing to remain there for an open period, allowing them to control roughly half of Gaza’s territory and impose new security arrangements. He added that any withdrawal would depend on political decisions determining the next phase.

A meeting is due to be held on Friday in Miami between the US president’s Middle East envoy, Steve Witkoff, and officials from Egypt, Qatar and Türkiye to discuss Gaza, including ceasefire violations and the second phase of the truce.

Hamas hopes the talks will lead to an end to the violations. Senior Hamas official Bassem Naim told AFP that Palestinians expect the participants to agree on stopping what he described as ongoing Israeli rampages, halting all violations and obliging Israel to adhere to the Sharm el-Sheikh agreement.

Hamas sources in Gaza told Asharq Al-Awsat that the movement and other Palestinian factions are counting on mediators to persuade the United States to pressure Israel to halt violations, allow the entry of aid including tents and prefabricated housing, begin genuine reconstruction and fully comply with humanitarian commitments under the agreement.

The sources said restraining Israel must be more effective on the part of Washington and the guarantor mediators to allow progress toward the second phase of the deal, warning that continued Israeli backtracking on the first phase could derail the next stage.

Humanitarian conditions

On the humanitarian front, the World Health Organization said more than 1,000 patients in Gaza have died while waiting for evacuation since July 2024.

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said on X that 1,092 patients died while awaiting medical evacuation between July 2024 and November 2025, adding that the actual number was likely higher.

Doctors Without Borders (MSF) reported high rates of respiratory infections among Gaza’s population due to harsh winter conditions and worsening living standards, as the humanitarian crisis continues.

The organization said hundreds of thousands of Palestinians remain in makeshift, deteriorating tents flooded by rainwater, heightening health risks, particularly for children and the elderly.

It urged Israeli authorities to immediately allow a significant increase in humanitarian aid deliveries to Gaza, warning of further deterioration in health and humanitarian conditions if restrictions on essential supplies persist.