Dreams of Myanmar's 'Unwashed' Jade Miners Buried by Disaster

Thousands of people flock to the Myanmar jade mines in the hoping of finding an overlooked rock that could transform their lives | AFP
Thousands of people flock to the Myanmar jade mines in the hoping of finding an overlooked rock that could transform their lives | AFP
TT
20

Dreams of Myanmar's 'Unwashed' Jade Miners Buried by Disaster

Thousands of people flock to the Myanmar jade mines in the hoping of finding an overlooked rock that could transform their lives | AFP
Thousands of people flock to the Myanmar jade mines in the hoping of finding an overlooked rock that could transform their lives | AFP

Five Yay Ma Hsay -- or 'unwashed' as the jade miners of northern Myanmar are known -- arrived early Thursday at the pit to scrape out a living on a scraggy hillside, lured by the prospect of finding a stone that could transform their lives.

But only three would return, the others victims of Myanmar's worst-ever mine disaster after a landslide in heavy rains entombed at least 174 people, with scores more feared missing.

Sai Ko, 22, survived the spin-dryer of rock and heavy sludge by clinging to the corpse of a fellow miner, and battling to land.

His friend Zaw Lwin, 29, and his younger brother San Lwin were miraculously spat out from the churning torrent and delivered naked onto the shore, their clothes ripped off by the deluge.

But two of the crew didn't make it.

Than Niang was cremated on Saturday, while Thet Shin is missing presumed dead, one of scores victims still unaccounted for from the accident at the Hwekha mine, in northern Kachin State.

"We have many dreams of helping our families," a shaken Sai Ko told AFP.

"But it's not worth it. I will never go back."

The hillside which buried his friends harbours jadeite, a stone which goes for a fortune over the Kachin border in China in a multi-billion dollar industry dominated by firms linked to Myanmar's military.

But for the poor migrants from across Myanmar who travel hundreds of miles to prospect in Hpakant, big paydays are few and far between.

"Sometimes we hunt for ten days and only find a piece worth $7-$14. If we find a big stone they (the mining company) will take it," said Sai Ko.

Dabbing at the raw cuts on his face, his wife Pan Ei Phyu said they will abandon the mines and head home to near Mandalay.

"I don't want him to dig stones in this life. I just want our family to be together," she said.

- 'Last journey' -

Yet there are thousands more ready to take his place -- illegal workers who buy their way into the vast open-cast mines after the company diggers leave -- to scour for scraps of the precious stone left behind.

Zaw Lwin, from central Myanmar, is among them -- despite the terror of Thursday's accident.

He says his five-strong team arrived half an hour early to grab the best spot and avoid jostling with hundreds of others.

But the early risers became the first victims as the hillside collapsed.

"We hadn't even started digging when we were hit by the wall of water.

"I didn't know what was happening. My clothes were ripped off and rocks battered me... I suffocated on sand and mud."

Just as exhaustion took hold -- Zaw Lwin says he recited Buddhist mantras in his head accepting the end was near -- he was suddenly washed onto land.

"I don't know how I survived. I returned from death."

He says he will not go back to the pit, a deep mean-looking gouge where mud-caked workers relentlessly chip at the rocks.

Instead, he will work the waste piles dumped on top of the hills by mining companies -- a scree of stones which can yield fragments of jade to the Yay Ma Hsay, which translates as 'unwashed' in Burmese but is used to group the informal miners.

Just days after the tragedy, Saw Lwin still has dreams of beating poverty.

"One day, if I get quality stone I will be a Lawpan (a boss of the jade miners)... I want to live in a house in a compound. I'm not going to give up."

The Hwekha mine is now a tomb for an untold number of people -- mostly young migrants whose families may never hear of their fate.

Dozens of the unidentified were buried on Saturday in mass graves gouged into the red earth -- an anonymous end far from home.

Social media has become a tool to try to identify the dead, with volunteers sharing photos on Facebook.

The mines are a cloaked in secrecy.

Campaigners Global Witness say front companies obscure the real military owners in a shadowy industry they estimate to be worth $31 billion a year.

But there is little trickle down.

Than Niang's wife had to check 60 battered bodies before finding her husband, a grim catalogue of those at the end of the jade chain.

"My whole world is destroyed," she told AFP. "We have a baby son. One day I will show him the last journey of his father."



Iran Orders Material from China to Produce 800 Ballistic Missiles

A satellite image shows the smoke rising from the explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port, Bandar Abbas, Iran April 27, 2025. Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS
A satellite image shows the smoke rising from the explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port, Bandar Abbas, Iran April 27, 2025. Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS
TT
20

Iran Orders Material from China to Produce 800 Ballistic Missiles

A satellite image shows the smoke rising from the explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port, Bandar Abbas, Iran April 27, 2025. Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS
A satellite image shows the smoke rising from the explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port, Bandar Abbas, Iran April 27, 2025. Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS

Iran has ordered thousands of tons of ballistic-missile ingredients from China, people familiar with the transaction told The Wall Street Journal, seeking to rebuild its military prowess as it discusses the future of its nuclear program with the US.

The report, which cited people familiar with the transaction, said Tehran had ordered enough ammonium perchlorate to potentially manufacture up to 800 missiles. It said the material is used to produce solid-fuel missiles.

“Shipments of ammonium perchlorate are expected to reach Iran in coming months and could fuel hundreds of ballistic missiles,” the people said. Some of the material would likely be sent to militias in the region aligned with Iran, including Houthis in Yemen.

According to the Journal, Iran’s drive to expand its missile stockpile and strengthen its regional proxies comes as it continues to enrich uranium to levels just below weapons grade and has refused to place limits on its missile development as part of nuclear negotiations.

President Donald Trump said he discussed the issue during a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin

“Time is running out on Iran's decision pertaining to nuclear weapons,” Trump wrote Wednesday in a social-media post.

Part of rebuilding Iran’s 'Axis of Resistance'

The shipment of ammonium perchlorate is part of Iran’s broader efforts to rebuild its so-called "Axis of Resistance" network.

The ammonium perchlorate was ordered by an Iranian entity called Pishgaman Tejarat Rafi Novin Co. from the Hong Kong-based Lion Commodities Holdings Ltd, the Journal reported.

China’s Foreign Ministry told the Journal that Beijing was unaware of a contract for such a shipment.

“The Chinese side has always exercised strict control over dual-use items in accordance with China’s export control laws and regulations and its international obligations,” said the spokesperson.

Iran has been looking for ways to rebuild its network of regional proxies, the so-called Axis of Resistance, after Israel struck Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza, and the Assad regime in Syria.

While US and Israeli strikes have damaged the Houthis' capabilities in Yemen, they continue to periodically launch missiles at Israel.

The Journal said that beyond supporting regional militias, Iran has also reportedly transferred ballistic missiles to Shiite militia groups in Iraq, which have previously targeted both US and Israeli forces in the region.

Earlier this year, Iranian ships docked in China to load over 1,000 tons of sodium perchlorate, a precursor for ammonium perchlorate.

The material was delivered to Iranian ports in mid-February and late March, according to shipping trackers. This quantity of sodium perchlorate is said to be enough to fuel around 260 short-range missiles.

The new order for ammonium perchlorate, which was placed months before President Trump’s proposed nuclear talks with Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, in early March, could supply Iran with enough material to produce approximately 800 missiles, one official estimated.

In response to Iran’s missile activities, the US Treasury Department sanctioned six individuals and six entities from both Iran and China on April 29 for their involvement in procuring ballistic missile propellant ingredients.

Two weeks later, the Treasury expanded these sanctions to include additional Chinese and Hong Kong entities. It added sodium perchlorate to its list of materials linked to Iran’s military, nuclear, and missile activities.

A State Department official said, “Chinese entities and individuals have provided support to Iran’s ballistic missile program, as well as to the Houthis’ missile and UAV production efforts, which is why we continue to identify and sanction them.”

Possible Threats

Fabian Hinz, a military expert at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, said “Iran likely needs material from abroad to avoid bottlenecks in its domestic production capabilities.”

However, storing such materials poses significant risks.

In April, a deadly explosion at Shahid Rajaee port, Iran’s key container hub, killed dozens. State media attributed the blast to the mishandling of explosive materials by a unit of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps’ Quds Force.

An official confirmed that some of the previously imported sodium perchlorate was destroyed in the incident.

“These substances are a major fire and explosive hazard,” Hinz warned. “Iran’s defense industrial complex does not have a strong track record in ensuring safety standards.”