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Brain Protein Responsible for Link Between Stress, Depression, New Study Finds

A section of a preserved human brain at the Museum of Neuroanatomy at the University at Buffalo, N.Y. (AP photo/David Duprey)
A section of a preserved human brain at the Museum of Neuroanatomy at the University at Buffalo, N.Y. (AP photo/David Duprey)
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Brain Protein Responsible for Link Between Stress, Depression, New Study Finds

A section of a preserved human brain at the Museum of Neuroanatomy at the University at Buffalo, N.Y. (AP photo/David Duprey)
A section of a preserved human brain at the Museum of Neuroanatomy at the University at Buffalo, N.Y. (AP photo/David Duprey)

After experiencing trauma or severe stress, some people develop an abnormal stress response or chronic stress. This increases the risk of developing other diseases such as depression and anxiety, but it remains unknown what mechanisms are behind it or how the stress response is regulated.

The research group at Karolinska Institutet, in Sweden, has previously found that a protein in the brain plays an important role in the function of serotonin that regulates mood and releases stress hormones, at least in mice, the German News Agency reported.

The research group found that the protein named p11 plays an important role in the function of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that regulates mood. Depressed patients and suicide victims have lower levels of the p11 protein in their brain, and laboratory mice with reduced p11 levels show depression- and anxiety-like behavior.

The new study shows that p11 affects the initial release of the stress hormone cortisol in mice by modulating the activity of specific neurons in the brain area hypothalamus.

In addition, the tests showed that mice with p11 deficiency react more strongly to stress, with a higher heart rate and more signs of anxiety, compared to mice with normal p11 levels.

The findings of the new study, published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, may have implications on the development of new drugs for depression and anxiety.

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‘Secret City’ Discovered Underneath Greenland’s Ice Sheets

Construction on the mysterious base began in 1959 (Getty)
Construction on the mysterious base began in 1959 (Getty)
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‘Secret City’ Discovered Underneath Greenland’s Ice Sheets

Construction on the mysterious base began in 1959 (Getty)
Construction on the mysterious base began in 1959 (Getty)

Deep below the thick ice of Greenland lies a labyrinth of tunnels that were once thought to be the safest place on Earth in case of a war.

First created during the Cold War, Project Iceworm saw the US plan to store hundreds of ballistic missiles in a system of tunnels dubbed “Camp Century,” Britain’s the METRO newspaper reported on Wednesday.

At the time, it said, US military chiefs had hoped to launch a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union during the height of Cold War tensions if things escalated.

But less than a decade after it was built, the base was abandoned in 1967 after researchers realized the glacier was moving.

Now, the sprawling sub-zero tunnels have been brought back to attention in the stunning new images.

Alex Gardner, a cryospheric scientist at Nasa’s jet propulsion laboratory said: “We were looking for the bed of the ice and out pops Camp Century. We didn’t know what it was at first. In the new data, individual structures in the secret city are visible in a way that they’ve never been before.”

The underground three-kilometer network of tunnels played host to labs, shops, a cinema, a hospital, and accommodation for hundreds of soldiers.

But the icy Greenland site is not without its dangers – it continues to store nuclear waste.

Assuming the site would remain frozen in perpetuity, the US army removed the nuclear reactor installed on site but allowed waste – equivalent to the mass of 30 Airbus A320 airplanes – to be entombed under the snow, the magazine said.

But other sites around the world – without nuclear waste – could also serve as a safe haven in case of World War 3.

Wood Norton is a tunnel network running deep into the Worcestershire forest, originally bought by the BBC during World War 2 in case of a crisis in London.

Peters Mountain in Virginia, US, serves as one of several secret centers also known as AT&T project offices, which are essential for the US government’s continuity planning.

Further north in the states, Raven Rock Mountain Complex in Pennsylvania is a base that could hold up to 1,400 people.

And Cheyenne Mountain Complex in El Paso County, Colorado, is an underground complex boasting five chambers of reservoirs for fuel and water – and in one section there’s even reportedly an underground lake.