Scientists Reconstruct a Dinosaur’s Pea-Sized Brain

A boy looks on at the skull of a dinosaur fossil in Taipei, Taiwan. Photo: Chiang Ying-ying / AP
A boy looks on at the skull of a dinosaur fossil in Taipei, Taiwan. Photo: Chiang Ying-ying / AP
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Scientists Reconstruct a Dinosaur’s Pea-Sized Brain

A boy looks on at the skull of a dinosaur fossil in Taipei, Taiwan. Photo: Chiang Ying-ying / AP
A boy looks on at the skull of a dinosaur fossil in Taipei, Taiwan. Photo: Chiang Ying-ying / AP

The study of the brain of extinct organisms and speies sheds light on their behaviors. However, soft tissues, like the brain, are not usually preserved for long periods. Hence, researchers reconstruct the brains of dinosaurs by analyzing the cranial cavities under computed tomography. It demands well-preserved braincases (the upper back part of the skull), only discovered in 2015. In that year, a Brazilian paleontologist from the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Dr. Rodrigo Temp Müller unearthed an exceptionally well-preserved skeleton from a fossiliferous locality in southern Brazil.

The skeleton, approximately 233 million years old (Triassic period), belongs to a small carnivorous dinosaur named Buriolestes schultzi. Its well preserved entire braincase helped researchers reconstruct the first complete brain of one of the oldest dinosaurs worldwide- whose size was similar to a hunting dog. The study was published in in the latest issue of the Journal Nature of Anatomy.

According to a report published on the university's website, the brain of Buriolestes schultzi is relatively small and weighs approximately 1.5 grams, which is slightly lighter than a pea. The shape resembles the general morphology of a crocodile brain. In addition, the researchers found well-developed structures in the cerebellum that indicate the capability to track moving prey. Conversely, the olfactory sense was not high; therefore, it is more likely that dinosaur hunted and tracked prey based on optical capability rather than its olfactory sense.

Despite the carnivorous feeding behavior of this dinosaur, it belongs to the lineage of giant, long-necked, herbivorous sauropods, the largest land animals that ever lived. However, Buriolestes schultzi is considered the earliest member of this lineage. So, the new brain reconstruction allows researchers to analyze the brain evolution of this impressive lineage.



Crown Prince to Patronize 3rd Riyadh Global Medical Biotechnology Summit on November 10-12

Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Prince Mohammed bin Salman,  (SPA)
Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Prince Mohammed bin Salman, (SPA)
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Crown Prince to Patronize 3rd Riyadh Global Medical Biotechnology Summit on November 10-12

Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Prince Mohammed bin Salman,  (SPA)
Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Prince Mohammed bin Salman, (SPA)

The Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, in collaboration with the Ministry of Investment, is organizing the third edition of the Riyadh Global Medical Biotechnology Summit (RGMBS) 2024, taking place in Riyadh from November 10 to 12.

The event is held under the patronage of Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister.
The RGMBS aims to strengthen the national economy and promote sustainable development, aligning with the National Biotechnology Strategy launched by the Crown Prince this year.

According to SPA, this strategy envisions Saudi Arabia as a leading regional hub in biotechnology by 2030 and a global leader by 2040.
The summit will feature global experts and leading biotech companies from countries including the United States, United Kingdom, China, Republic of Korea, and Japan, as well as prominent academic institutions and organizations.
The previous summit resulted in 11 collaborative agreements with international entities in medical technology research and vaccine production. It hosted 68 speakers and attracted over 14,300 participants from 128 countries.