Saudi-Egyptian Cooperation on Excavation Project at Ramses III Site

Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass receives from Jasir Al-Herbish, the CEO of the Saudi Heritage Commission, replicas representing prehistoric artifacts that were discovered in Saudi Arabia.
Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass receives from Jasir Al-Herbish, the CEO of the Saudi Heritage Commission, replicas representing prehistoric artifacts that were discovered in Saudi Arabia.
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Saudi-Egyptian Cooperation on Excavation Project at Ramses III Site

Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass receives from Jasir Al-Herbish, the CEO of the Saudi Heritage Commission, replicas representing prehistoric artifacts that were discovered in Saudi Arabia.
Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass receives from Jasir Al-Herbish, the CEO of the Saudi Heritage Commission, replicas representing prehistoric artifacts that were discovered in Saudi Arabia.

Former Egyptian Minister of Antiquities Dr. Zahi Hawass announced that excavation work will begin in November at the site of King Ramesses III in North Saudi Arabia, indicating that he will head an archaeological team to uncover facts concerning pharaohs in the kingdom, as well as the state of trade missions between the two countries over 3,000 years ago.

In a press statement on Thursday, the official revealed that he held a meeting with Jasir Al-Herbish, CEO of the Saudi Heritage Commission, to discuss the steps needed to initiate work on excavations, implementing several other projects on Saudi heritage, and filming a series of documentaries on the kingdom’s antiquities.

In 2010, the Saudi Kingdom announced the discovery of a rock near Tayma bearing an inscription of Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses III, saying it was the first confirmed discovery of a hieroglyphic inscription on Saudi soil.

At that time, Hawass, who had been the Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Egyptian Antiquities, suggested that “the two countries cooperate to uncover the Pharaonic presence in the Arabian Peninsula.” He reiterated his offer in an article he published at the end of 2019.

In statements to Asharq al-Awsat, Hawass clarified that “the discovery of artifacts linked to Ramesses III in Saudi Arabia came as no surprise, especially since King Ramesses III sent merchants to acquire copper from a nearby region (which he believes to be Saudi Arabia). Thus, there is a strong chance of Egyptian artifacts in the Arabian Peninsula."

“The excavations have not commenced yet, and when we begin, we will find out what can be discovered based on historical evidence surrounding the area.”

He also said that “the excavations in the kingdom revealed a trade route that links the two countries that had been used in earlier centuries, which opens the door to the possibility of finding new remains and evidence of Egyptian Kings having sent trade missions to the kingdom more than 3,000 years ago.”

There are about 46 archaeological sites in Tayma and various monuments, some around 500,000 years old, including fossils of extinct beings and remains of prehistoric civilizations, as the city had been among the most prominent cities on the trade route between Egypt and Mesopotamia.



Why Do Some Tropical Butterflies Live 25 Times Longer Than Their Relatives?

A Heliconius melpomene butterfly feeds on pollen. (Nature Communications)
A Heliconius melpomene butterfly feeds on pollen. (Nature Communications)
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Why Do Some Tropical Butterflies Live 25 Times Longer Than Their Relatives?

A Heliconius melpomene butterfly feeds on pollen. (Nature Communications)
A Heliconius melpomene butterfly feeds on pollen. (Nature Communications)

Most butterflies have short lifespans, fluttering between colorful flowers for a few weeks before dying, but a few rare exceptions have stumped scientists. Now, some long-lived tropical butterfly species are shedding light on the secrets of longevity.

Butterflies belonging to the Heliconius genus, which inhabit the tropical rainforests of South and Central America, have lifespans that vary wildly. The Dione juno butterfly lives for 14 days after reaching adulthood, while Heliconius hewitsoni lives for 348 days — nearly 25 times longer.

Other Heliconius species also have impressively lengthy lives, enduring between 106 to 277 days, according to a study on the phenomenon published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications.

Some scientists have speculated that Heliconius’ extended adulthood is due to the insects consuming an enhanced diet, rather than relying purely on carbohydrates like other butterflies.

But the exact reasons behind this unexpected longevity have been unclear, which is what inspired Dr. Jessica Foley, the study’s lead author and a postdoctoral scholar at Tufts University’s Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging in Boston, to take an in-depth look at the intriguing butterfly genus.

“We see vast differences in lifespan across the animal kingdom — adult mayflies famously live only for a day, whereas some whales and sharks can live for hundreds of years,” Foley wrote in an email.

“I’m interested in the evolutionary basis of these kinds of lifespan differences because they might hold insights relevant for healthy ageing in humans,” she added.

Foley and her colleagues discovered that while nutrition has its part to play, some Heliconius have also evolved an anti-aging mechanism the researchers are still unraveling — and how it could be a model for understanding human longevity.

The new research shows that Heliconius can be a potential model insect group for studying increased longevity, including adaptations that could slow aging and have potential applicability to humans, said Dr. Jaret C Daniels, curator and interim associate director for the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity at the Florida Museum of Natural History. Daniels was not involved in the study.

“This study reinforces the utility of many insect groups and important model organisms for various fields of research,” Daniels said in an email.

“Since many insects are often overlooked or underappreciated by humans, studies like this can help change that perspective,” Daniels added.


22 Saudi Universities Recognized in QS World University Rankings 2027

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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22 Saudi Universities Recognized in QS World University Rankings 2027

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

Twenty-two Saudi universities have been recognized among the world's leading higher education institutions in the QS World University Rankings 2027, the Saudi Press Agency reported on Tuesday.

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals topped the list of Saudi universities, ranking 63rd globally and securing a place among the world's top 100 universities. King Saud University ranked 107th globally, followed by King Abdulaziz University in 200th place, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University in 421st place, and Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in 474th place.

The rankings also included several other Saudi universities with a global presence, including Prince Sultan University, King Khalid University, King Faisal University, Umm Al-Qura University, Qassim University, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Alfaisal University, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Taif University, Effat University, Majmaah University, the Islamic University of Madinah, Northern Borders University, University of Hail, University of Tabuk, and Taibah University.

The continued progress reflects advancements made by Saudi universities in education, scientific research, and innovation. It also highlights the Kingdom's growing presence in global higher education and supports Saudi Vision 2030's goal of building a competitive, knowledge-based economy driven by innovation and academic excellence.


Plan to Sell Artifacts from Titanic Faces US Government Opposition

FILE - The Titanic leaves Southampton, England, April 10, 1912, on her maiden voyage. (AP Photo, File)
FILE - The Titanic leaves Southampton, England, April 10, 1912, on her maiden voyage. (AP Photo, File)
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Plan to Sell Artifacts from Titanic Faces US Government Opposition

FILE - The Titanic leaves Southampton, England, April 10, 1912, on her maiden voyage. (AP Photo, File)
FILE - The Titanic leaves Southampton, England, April 10, 1912, on her maiden voyage. (AP Photo, File)

A plan to auction more than 100 artifacts salvaged from the wreckage of the Titanic — including personal belongings, currency, kitchen items and decor — is facing pushback from the US government, according to newly unsealed court documents.

RMS Titanic Inc., the company that owns exclusive salvage rights to the famous wreck in the North Atlantic, wants to sell the artifacts for the first time despite previous agreements to only display them at museums and traveling exhibitions.

Georgia-based RMS Titanic proposed auctioning the artifacts and displaying them on a global tour in four cities, although those locations haven't been publicly revealed. Court documents filed in the US referenced the company's plan to sell artifacts including a bronze cherub, a necklace of gold nuggets and a heart-shaped pendant.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration represents US interests and oversight in the wreck site. The agency contends such a sale would violate RMS Titanic's legal obligations to the site, according to documents a judge ordered unsealed earlier this month.

In arguing that the auction should be prohibited, the government wrote that the company “does not seek the Court’s approval, does not believe that approval is required, and asserts that it is not restricted in its ability to sell” the artifacts.

Representatives for RMS Titanic did not respond to The Associated Press requests for comment Monday. Its attorneys previously said in a federal court filing that the proposed auction arrangement wouldn’t violate existing court orders and agreements about the artifacts.

This is the latest attempt to sell Titanic artifacts Since 1987, salvage operations have retrieved thousands of items and even chunks of the Titanic’s hull. RMS Titanic makes money by exhibiting them.

Over the decades, the company has tried to sell artifacts to fund future explorations and as it faced financial trouble. But those efforts were roundly opposed by US courts along with preservation groups and relatives of the victims. Some of the salvaged items belonged to passengers aboard the ship.

However, items saved by survivors or plucked from the water by rescuers can be sold and often fetch big sums. A life jacket worn by a passenger went for just over $900,000 in April, while a gold pocket watch given to the ship captain who rescued the survivors was sold for nearly $2 million in 2024.

Auctioneers say the unending fascination with the Titanic — which sank in 1912 after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Europe to New York, killing more than 1,500 people — and the rarity of artifacts adds up to high demand and exorbitant prices.

A trans-Atlantic dispute over the artifacts RMS Titanic wants to auction some of the first artifacts salvaged from the wreck. Those items were taken to France, which awarded ownership of them to the salvager. French oceanographic institute IFREMER partnered with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on the discovery of the wreck.

The rest of the collection was retrieved during subsequent expeditions, and the salvage claim was made in a US District Court in Norfolk, Virginia.

NOAA argues that all of the roughly 5,000 items — regardless of whether they were claimed in France or the US — must remain in one collection based on conditions set by the US court. NOAA also maintains on its website that a French court’s conditions required that the artifacts not be sold individually and be kept together as a single collection.

The company has argued, among other things, that the US court lacks jurisdiction over the items claimed in France.

Representatives for the French government did not respond to requests for comment late Monday.

Pieces of history for all to see Some undersea explorers have pushed back at the idea of selling Titanic artifacts, which they argue should be displayed in the public interest.

“I don’t have a problem with people recovering artifacts from the Titanic as long as it’s done careful, with proper archaeological techniques,” said Greg Stone, a veteran ocean explorer and ocean scientist. “I’d feel better if it was a nonprofit enterprise.”

Richard Daynard, a law professor at Northeastern University School of Law in Boston who specializes in public interest advocacy, said rules on the display and sale of Titanic artifacts are intended to preserve the wreckage for the benefit of the public, and so it can't be “picked up by billionaires for further display of their wealth and power.”

“If it’s something where someone can walk through their house and say ‘Yes, I bought this for $5 million and it’s original from the Titanic,’ that’s not a good thing,” he said.