Sudanese Group to Gather 10 Million Signatures for Climate

Petro-Canada's Edmonton Refinery and Distribution Centre glows at dusk in Edmonton February 15, 2009. REUTERS/Dan Riedlhuber/File Photo
Petro-Canada's Edmonton Refinery and Distribution Centre glows at dusk in Edmonton February 15, 2009. REUTERS/Dan Riedlhuber/File Photo
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Sudanese Group to Gather 10 Million Signatures for Climate

Petro-Canada's Edmonton Refinery and Distribution Centre glows at dusk in Edmonton February 15, 2009. REUTERS/Dan Riedlhuber/File Photo
Petro-Canada's Edmonton Refinery and Distribution Centre glows at dusk in Edmonton February 15, 2009. REUTERS/Dan Riedlhuber/File Photo

Sudanese environmental activists have launched a campaign to gather 10 million signatures supporting the fight against climate change impact in Sudan by 2030.
The campaign targets university students, environment and climate advocates, and all people who might be interested. The Sudanese Sustainability Initiative, which launched the campaign, seeks to polarize the younger generation given the crucial role they can play in changing their community.

Rafka Bakri, programs coordinator at the Sudanese Sustainability Initiative, says: "The campaign, in addition to many projects such as "Green," and "Sustainability," are part of the initiative's 13th goal focusing on climate change.

Rafka sees that despite the lost time and the growing climate crisis, awareness of the environmental issues is still weak among the youth.

Activist Mohammed Abdullah Harasi hopes the campaign would achieve its goal and collect the 10 million signatures needed to support the climate-related efforts, and protect the environment by encouraging youth on launching programs that promote a cleaner environment, and raise awareness of the importance of reducing harmful emissions.

Holding a poster highlighting the climate change challenge, Asia Abu Jadiri, head of the campaign explains their plan to collect the signatures, saying: "We are committed to four goals, including the fight against climate change. We work in partnership with prominent universities like Al Khartoum University, Omdurman Ahlia University, and the Bahri University."

Abu Jadiri believes environmental issues in her country are many and lack the required attention. "We encourage youth to use eco-friendly products, build green sustainable cities, protect rivers, seas, and forests, in addition to recycling wastes and preserving the environment to achieve the 2030 strategy," she noted.

Abu Jadiri sees that adjusting environmental behaviors will make a difference on the long term, especially that 60 percent of the Sudanese population are youth, and the contribution of those 10 million young men and women will remarkably change the worsening environmental situation in Sudan.

"The 10 million signature campaign is not our first project. We started in 2018 in response to the global and deep movement for the climate, and following the democratic shift in Sudan, which recognized the great role played by the younger generation and its will to build a better society. We have many projects including "Green," in which we forested large lands and planted thousands of trees to promote the idea of a greener city. For a better environmental awareness, we launched the Sustainability Forum to discuss sustainability matters and study the successful experiences in this field; we also launched the Studio Program on social media to share lectures highlighting the goals of sustainability."

Among the campaign members is the Sudanese team partaking in the world climate challenge organized by the US organization The Green Team Academy.

Sudan submitted a report in 2020 on the environmental status in the country. It is the first to cover all the environmental conditions in the country and the trends that affected it following the conflict. The report also combined several field studies on the environmental impact of the conflict, which ended with a comprehensive peace agreement in 2005.



Scientists Seek Miracle Pill to Stop Methane Cow Burps

A cow that's part of study on reducing methane emitted by cow burps stands in an exclosure at UC Davis in Davis, California on October 23, 2024. (AFP)
A cow that's part of study on reducing methane emitted by cow burps stands in an exclosure at UC Davis in Davis, California on October 23, 2024. (AFP)
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Scientists Seek Miracle Pill to Stop Methane Cow Burps

A cow that's part of study on reducing methane emitted by cow burps stands in an exclosure at UC Davis in Davis, California on October 23, 2024. (AFP)
A cow that's part of study on reducing methane emitted by cow burps stands in an exclosure at UC Davis in Davis, California on October 23, 2024. (AFP)

A scientist guides a long tube into the mouth and down to the stomach of Thing 1, a two-month-old calf that is part of a research project aiming to prevent cows from burping methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

Paulo de Meo Filho, a postdoctoral researcher at University of California, Davis, is part of an ambitious experiment aiming to develop a pill to transform cow gut bacteria so it emits less or no methane.

While the fossil fuel industry and some natural sources emit methane, cattle farming has become a major climate concern due to the sheer volume of the cows' emissions.

"Almost half of the increase in (global) temperature that we've had so far, it's been because of methane," said Ermias Kebreab, an animal science professor at UC Davis.

Methane, the second largest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide, breaks down faster than CO2 but is more potent.

"Methane lives in the atmosphere for about 12 years" unlike carbon dioxide which persists for centuries, Kebreab said.

"If you start reducing methane now, we can actually see the effect on the temperature very quickly."

Filho uses the tube to extract liquid from Thing 1's rumen -- the first stomach compartment containing partially digested food.

Using the rumen liquid samples, the scientists are studying the microbes that convert hydrogen into methane, which is not digested by the cow but instead burped out.

A single cow will burp roughly 220 pounds (100 kilograms) of the gas annually.

- 'Social critters' -

Thing 1 and other calves receive a seaweed-supplemented diet to reduce methane production.

Scientists hope to achieve similar results by introducing genetically modified microbes that soak up hydrogen, starving methane-producing bacteria at the source.

However, the team proceeds cautiously.

"We can't just simply cut down methane production by removing" methane-making bacteria, as hydrogen could accumulate to the point of harming the animal, warned Matthias Hess, who runs the UC Davis lab.

"Microbes are kind of social critters. They really like to live together," he said.

"The way they interact and affect each other impacts the overall function of the ecosystem."

Hess's students test different formulas in bioreactors, vessels that reproduce microorganisms' living conditions in a stomach from movements to temperature.

- More productive cows -

The project is being carried out at UC Davis as well as UC Berkeley's Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI).

IGI scientists are trying to identify the right microbe -- the one they hope to genetically alter to supplant methane-producing microbes.

The modified microorganisms will then be tested at UC Davis in the lab and in the animals.

"Not only are we trying to reduce methane emissions, but you also increase the feed efficiency," said Kebreab.

"Hydrogen and methane, they are both energy, and so if you reduce that energy and redirect it to something else... we have a better productivity and lower emissions at the same time."

The ultimate goal is a single-dose treatment administered early in life, since most cattle graze freely and can't receive daily supplements.

The three research teams have been given $70 million and seven years to achieve a breakthrough.

Kebreab has long studied sustainable livestock practices and pushes back against calls to reduce meat consumption to save the planet.

While acknowledging this might work for healthy adults in developed nations, he pointed to countries like Indonesia, where the government is seeking to increase meat and dairy production because 20 percent of children under five suffer from stunted growth.

"We can't tell them to not eat meat," he said.