Saudi Arabia Combats Climate Change with 65 Initiatives Worth $13 Billion

Participants attending the Saudi Green Initiative Forum discuss efforts by the Kingdom to tackle climate change, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 23, 2021. REUTERS/Ahmed Yosri
Participants attending the Saudi Green Initiative Forum discuss efforts by the Kingdom to tackle climate change, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 23, 2021. REUTERS/Ahmed Yosri
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Saudi Arabia Combats Climate Change with 65 Initiatives Worth $13 Billion

Participants attending the Saudi Green Initiative Forum discuss efforts by the Kingdom to tackle climate change, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 23, 2021. REUTERS/Ahmed Yosri
Participants attending the Saudi Green Initiative Forum discuss efforts by the Kingdom to tackle climate change, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 23, 2021. REUTERS/Ahmed Yosri

Saudi Arabia is participating in the COP 26 UN Climate Change Conference - hosted by the United Kingdom in partnership with Italy - armed with around 65 initiatives that are worth more than USD13 billion, which are aimed at combatting climate change and developing a relevant environment strategy.

During the opening of the Green Saudi Forum, which was recently held in Riyadh, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman revealed the first package that will contribute to achieving green Saudi initiatives, pointing out that the Kingdom will seek to reduce emissions by more than 270 million tons annually, in addition to a number of other initiatives announced on the sidelines of the summit.

Saudi Arabia’s participation in the ongoing international conference reflects the importance it attaches to climate change and environmental protection, in line with the transformation program within Vision 2030.

The Kingdom has launched a process for structuring its environmental work system, which included the establishment of five environmental centers specialized in meteorology, environmental compliance, biodiversity, plant cover development, combating desertification and managing waste.

A week ago, Riyadh hosted the Saudi Green Initiative Forum, which witnessed the announcement of more than 59 initiatives, and the Green Middle East Initiative summit, in the presence of international stakeholders and regional leaders.

The Ministry of Energy also launched the initiative of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques for Renewable Energy, which seeks to increase the percentage of renewable energy to reach the optimal mix, raise the efficiency of the electricity sector and achieve environmental goals by reducing carbon dioxide emissions, in addition to realizing a set of major economic goals.

The Kingdom aims to reach net-zero emissions by 2060 by implementing the carbon circular economy approach, through the first set of Green Saudi initiatives, with investments exceeding 700 billion riyals, in order to chart a more sustainable future.

Environmental Expert Dr. Ali Eshqi told Asharq Al-Awsat that the Kingdom has recently played a major role in fighting global warming by increasing the area of green spaces, which contributes to raising the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere and reducing carbon dioxide.

On the other hand, the Kingdom’s plans in the field of renewable energy sources included wind and solar energy, which will represent 50 percent of the energy used to produce electricity in the Kingdom by 2030.

Saudi Arabia will also join the Global Methane Pledge to reduce global emissions by 30 percent compared to the level of emissions in 2020.

Efforts to protect the environment and preserve its natural resources included establishing an environment fund to contribute to achieving financial sustainability for this sector, setting up special forces for environmental security, and developing national capabilities in the field of predicting natural disasters and early warning.

Moreover, the Saudi State has established the Council for Royal Reserves to develop natural reserves in six locations in the Kingdom, by raising the percentage of protected areas to more than 30% of the country’s land area, which exceeds the current global target to protect 17% of each country’s lands.

In a more remarkable development, Saudi Arabia has started implementing the first phase of afforestation initiatives, which seeks to plant more than 450 million trees, rehabilitate 8 million hectares of degraded lands and allocate new protected lands, bringing the total protected areas in the Kingdom so far to more than 20 percent of its total surface.

Eshqi said: “If we plant 10 million trees in the Middle East as planned in the Saudi initiative launched by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, we will reach a natural balance with the percentage of existing gases, especially carbon dioxide.”

The Saudi Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture worked on the optimal investment of water wealth through rationalization and the use of treated and renewable water and the establishment of an integrated project for waste recycling, as well as raising the percentage of waste diversion from landfills to 94 percent.

The Kingdom’s pioneering initiatives in the field of climate action include two projects to establish a fund to invest in solutions for circular carbon economy technologies in the region, and a global initiative to provide clean fuel solutions to provide food to more than 750 million people around the world.



OPEC Secretary General: Producing Critical Minerals in Future Not Only Dependent on Renewable Energy

Trucks transporting minerals from the mountains (Getty)
Trucks transporting minerals from the mountains (Getty)
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OPEC Secretary General: Producing Critical Minerals in Future Not Only Dependent on Renewable Energy

Trucks transporting minerals from the mountains (Getty)
Trucks transporting minerals from the mountains (Getty)

OPEC Secretary General Haitham Al Ghais said on Monday that those that talk of critical minerals delivering the world a future of only renewables and EVs, are not providing a full picture.

In an article published on the organization’s official website, Al Ghais spoke about the many future energy pathways for nations and peoples across the world, affirming that “we all need to be realistic about how these can be achieved.”

Al Ghais said that sustainable energy pathways are vital for populations all over the world. However, he noted, “we need to appreciate the real-world impacts of scenarios and policies aimed at ramping up renewables and electric vehicles (EVs). There are many elements that filter into this, a central one being the role played by critical minerals.”

At this point, he mentioned the International Energy Agency (IEA), which says that in its Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2050 Scenario, demand for critical minerals quadruples by 2040.

“It is a pace never seen before in history,” Al Ghais wrote.

He noted that while these minerals, such as copper, cobalt, silicon, nickel, lithium, graphite and rare earths underpin the development of renewables and EVs, OPEC Member Countries are investing heavily in renewables, in all stages of their supply chains, and participating in the development of EVs.

OPEC attaches an importance “to the role of renewables and electrification in our energy future,” he said.

Al Ghais then posed several questions on the nature of such an expansion of critical mineral requirements.

“Is this kind of expansion truly feasible? What are the implications? How sustainable is it? And how important is oil and gas to the expansion of critical minerals, as well as renewables, EVs and grids,” he asked.

In the mentioned IEA scenario, Al Ghais said that by 2040, copper demand rises by 50%, rare earths demand almost doubles, cobalt demand more than doubles, and nickel demand is close to tripling.

“These are nowhere near the largest increases either. Graphite demand grows almost four times, and lithium sees a nearly ninefold expansion by 2040, underlining its crucial role in batteries,” he noted.

The OPEC Secretary General affirmed that this will require the construction of a huge number of new mines.

“Back in 2022, the IEA said that by 2030 alone, the world would need to build 50 new lithium mines, 60 new nickel mines and 17 cobalt mines,” he said.

He added, “It should be borne in mind that, historically, critical supply chain projects, such as for these types of commodities, have had long development lead times, from discovery to first production.”

Here, Al Ghais asked another question: is such growth realistic? And what might the impact be if growth comes up short, and equally importantly, what if policymakers have also followed a path of no longer investing in new oil and gas projects?

The Secretary General said EVs, wind turbines, solar panels, as well as new grids, are all hungry for critical minerals.

“An EV contains approximately 200 kg of minerals,” he explained. “For contrast, a conventional car uses around 34 kg. One megawatt of electricity produced by an offshore wind turbine requires around 15 tons of minerals, while the figure for solar is around seven tons. For natural gas, it is just over 1 ton.”