Hand-written Manuscript of 'The Little Prince' Exhibited in Paris for First Time

An installation showing works related to the literary
masterpiece, The Little Prince, by French writer Antoine de Saint
Exupery is seen during the exhibition "A la rencontre du Petit Prince"
at the Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, France, February 16, 2022.
REUTERS/Benoit Tessier
An installation showing works related to the literary masterpiece, The Little Prince, by French writer Antoine de Saint Exupery is seen during the exhibition "A la rencontre du Petit Prince" at the Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, France, February 16, 2022. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier
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Hand-written Manuscript of 'The Little Prince' Exhibited in Paris for First Time

An installation showing works related to the literary
masterpiece, The Little Prince, by French writer Antoine de Saint
Exupery is seen during the exhibition "A la rencontre du Petit Prince"
at the Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, France, February 16, 2022.
REUTERS/Benoit Tessier
An installation showing works related to the literary masterpiece, The Little Prince, by French writer Antoine de Saint Exupery is seen during the exhibition "A la rencontre du Petit Prince" at the Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, France, February 16, 2022. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

A manuscript of The Little Prince was displayed in France for the first time at an exhibition exploring the works of legendary author and pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupery, revealing a lot about his imagination, AFP reported.

Running until June 26 at the Museum of Decorative Arts, "Meeting the Little Prince" allows its visitors to take a closer look at the hand-written version of the world-known book written in 1942, in New York, in a city near Long Island.

When Saint-Exupery left the United States in April 1943, to fight in North Africa, he gave the manuscript to his mistress, journalist Sylvia Hamilton, who sold it to the Morgan Library and Museum in 1968.

The New Yorker Library lent Paris some valuable papers from the novel, including the original watercolors of the Little Prince's asteroid, the cover, and a page featuring the hero wearing his trademark long coat with red lapels.

Saint-Exupery disappeared during a mission over the Mediterranean in July 1944, never to know of the worldwide success of his book.

The novelist defined the features of his character and embodied it. Later in his life, when the book was published in the US (in English and French versions), “The Little Prince’s character and the writer reached a state of merge,” said Anne Monier Vanryb, curator of the Paris Museum of Decorative Arts.

The exhibition highlights the inspiration behind The Little Prince, starting from the childhood of the writer and a letter he sent to Consuelo, the woman he married in 1930, describing a “child who discovered a treasure” and “became sad,” and ending with the challenges that shaped the personality of the hero.

Saint-Exupery made radical choices to finalize his philosophic story. To reach the best version, he omitted details and characters like a snail, a butterfly hunter, and an old couple who kicked him out from their house.

"There is always mystery around this work. Any single sheet brings up some enigma. We never stopped exploring these enigmas," said curator Alban Cerisier.

A Swiss association also lent one paper from the original story to the Parisian museum in which the writer says he doesn’t know how to draw an airplane, but it hasn’t been displayed.

Saint-Exupery rewrote the book’s events, and then wrote about the plane crash in the Libyan desert in 1935. He recalled a bottle of water and a piece of the plane, which was reflected in the Little Prince’s request: “Please, draw me a sheep.” The story of the little boy who took a trip to the stars hides another mysterious story symbolizing a miserable exile.

University instructor Alain Vircondelet believes “the writer lived in misery and desperation. This spoiled child grew up to become an emotional, unhappy adult who didn’t manage to live a stable life and build relationships.”



Canada’s 2023 Wildfires Burned Huge Chunks of Forest, Spewing Far More Heat-Trapping Gas Than Planes 

The McDougall Creek wildfire burns on the mountainside above houses in West Kelowna, British Columbia, Aug. 18, 2023. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP, File)
The McDougall Creek wildfire burns on the mountainside above houses in West Kelowna, British Columbia, Aug. 18, 2023. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP, File)
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Canada’s 2023 Wildfires Burned Huge Chunks of Forest, Spewing Far More Heat-Trapping Gas Than Planes 

The McDougall Creek wildfire burns on the mountainside above houses in West Kelowna, British Columbia, Aug. 18, 2023. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP, File)
The McDougall Creek wildfire burns on the mountainside above houses in West Kelowna, British Columbia, Aug. 18, 2023. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press via AP, File)

Catastrophic Canadian warming-fueled wildfires last year pumped more heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the air than India did by burning fossil fuels, setting ablaze an area of forest larger than West Virginia, new research found.

Scientists at the World Resources Institute and the University of Maryland calculated how devastating the impacts of the months-long fires in Canada in 2023 that sullied the air around large parts of the globe. They figured it put 3.28 billion tons (2.98 billion metric tons) of heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the air, according to a study update published in Thursday's Global Change Biology. The update is not peer-reviewed, but the original study was.

The fire spewed nearly four times the carbon emissions as airplanes do in a year, study authors said. It's about the same amount of carbon dioxide that 647 million cars put in the air in a year, based on US Environmental Protection Agency data.

Forests “remove a lot of carbon from the atmosphere and that gets stored in their branches, their trunks, their leaves and kind of in the ground as well. So, when they burn all the carbon that's stored within them gets released back into the atmosphere,” said study lead author James MacCarthy, a research associate with WRI's Global Forest Watch.

When and if trees grow back much of that can be recovered, MacCarthy said, adding “it definitely does have an impact on the global scale in terms of the amount of emissions that were produced in 2023.”

MacCarthy and colleagues calculated that the forest burned totaled 29,951 square miles (77,574 square kilometers), which is six times more than the average from 2001 to 2022. The wildfires in Canada made up 27% of global tree cover loss last year, usually it's closer to 6%, MacCarthy's figures show.

These are far more than regular forest fires, but researchers focused only on tree cover loss, which is a bigger effect, said study co-author Alexandra Tyukavina, a geography professor at the University of Maryland.

“The loss of that much forest is a very big deal, and very worrisome,” said Syracuse University geography and environment professor Jacob Bendix, who wasn't part of the study.

“Although the forest will eventually grow back and sequester carbon in doing so, that is a process that will take decades at a minimum, so that there is a quite substantial lag between addition of atmospheric carbon due to wildfire and the eventual removal of at least some of it by the regrowing forest. So, over the course of those decades, the net impact of the fires is a contribution to climate warming.”

It's more than just adding to heat-trapping gases and losing forests, there were health consequences as well, Tyukavina said.

“Because of these catastrophic fires, air quality in populated areas and cities was affected last year,” she said, mentioning New York City's smog-choked summer. More than 200 communities with about 232,000 residents had to be evacuated, according to another not-yet-published or peer-reviewed study by Canadian forest and fire experts.

One of the authors of the Canadian study, fire expert Mike Flannigan at Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, British Columbia, puts the acreage burned at twice what MacCarthy and Tyukavina do.

“The 2023 fire season in Canada was (an) exceptional year in any time period,” Flannigan, who wasn't part of the WRI study, said in an email. “I expect more fire in our future, but years like 2023 will be rare.”

Flannigan, Bendix, Tyukavina and MacCarthy all said climate change played a role in Canada's big burn. A warmer world means more fire season, more lightning-caused fires and especially drier wood and brush to catch fire “associated with increased temperature,” Flannigan wrote.

The average May to October temperature in Canada last year was almost 4 degrees (2.2 degrees Celsius) warmer than normal, his study found. Some parts of Canada were 14 to 18 degrees (8 to 10 degrees Celsius) hotter than average in May and June, MaCarthy said.

There's short-term variability within trends, so it's hard to blame one specific year and area burned on climate change and geographic factors play a role, still “there is no doubt that climate change is the principal driver of the global increases in wildfire,” Bendix said in an email.

With the world warming from climate change, Tyukavina said, “the catastrophic years are probably going to be happening more often and we are going to see those spikier years more often.”