Bulgarian Defense Minister Sacked over Ukraine Rhetoric

Bulgaria's Defense Minister Stefan Yanev and Spain's Defence Minister Margarita Robles inspect the joint air police activities carried by Bulgarian and Spanish pilots and jets at Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Bulgaria, February 21, 2022. (Reuters)
Bulgaria's Defense Minister Stefan Yanev and Spain's Defence Minister Margarita Robles inspect the joint air police activities carried by Bulgarian and Spanish pilots and jets at Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Bulgaria, February 21, 2022. (Reuters)
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Bulgarian Defense Minister Sacked over Ukraine Rhetoric

Bulgaria's Defense Minister Stefan Yanev and Spain's Defence Minister Margarita Robles inspect the joint air police activities carried by Bulgarian and Spanish pilots and jets at Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Bulgaria, February 21, 2022. (Reuters)
Bulgaria's Defense Minister Stefan Yanev and Spain's Defence Minister Margarita Robles inspect the joint air police activities carried by Bulgarian and Spanish pilots and jets at Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Bulgaria, February 21, 2022. (Reuters)

Bulgarian Prime Minister Kiril Petkov on Monday fired Defense Minister Stefan Yanev for his reluctance to describe the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a war, reiterating that Sofia would speak in one voice with the European Union.

Petkov said his centrist coalition government would ask parliament on Tuesday to approve Yanev's dismissal and appoint Todor Tagarev, who was a caretaker defense minister in 2013, to the post.

"My defense minister cannot use the word operation instead of the word war. You cannot call it an operation when thousands of soldiers from the one and the other side are already killed," Petkov said in a televised statement.

"The Bulgarian interest is not in bending our heads down...When we see something we do not agree with, something so obvious, we cannot keep quiet," Petkov said.

Bulgaria is a member of the EU and NATO but many in the Balkan country - which was the closest Communist satellite of the Soviet Union during the Cold War era - feel a strong cultural and historical affinity with Russia.

Some fear that taking a very strong stance against the Russian invasion could hurt Bulgaria, which is reliant on Russian energy supplies and tourist inflows to its Black Sea summer resorts.

President Rumen Radev said the change of defense ministers in the midst of a military crisis not far away was risky and the ruling coalition would be responsible.

Bulgaria has pledged to bolster NATO's eastern flank and lead a battle group in cooperation with NATO, but comprised mainly of Bulgarian troops. Analysts say Yanev's replacement may spur the deployment of more troops of NATO allies in Bulgaria.

"Bulgaria will not transform into an anti-Russian hawk in NATO, but will follow the tone set by Petkov for a clearer voicing of the Bulgarian position in NATO against the aggression in Ukraine," political commentator Ivo Indzhov said.

In a Facebook post late on Sunday Yanev wrote that he was the subject of a targeted attack aimed at replacing him with someone who would be more open to taking decisions that serve foreign interests, which could put Bulgaria's security at risk.

Petkov slammed Yanev's statement saying neither of his ministers had the right to "their own foreign policy, especially on Facebook".

Petkov said Bulgaria was not forced to take any decisions by its Western allies but stressed that the biggest guarantee for the country's security lay in standing united with its EU peers.

Separately, the foreign ministry said on Monday Bulgaria had evacuated the staff of its consular mission in the Ukrainian Black Sea city of Odessa.



Ukraine Rolls Out Dozens of AI Systems to Help its Drones Hit Targets

A child films with her mobile phone near the site of a Russian drone strike in Kyiv on October 29, 2024, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (Photo by Anatolii STEPANOV / AFP)
A child films with her mobile phone near the site of a Russian drone strike in Kyiv on October 29, 2024, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (Photo by Anatolii STEPANOV / AFP)
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Ukraine Rolls Out Dozens of AI Systems to Help its Drones Hit Targets

A child films with her mobile phone near the site of a Russian drone strike in Kyiv on October 29, 2024, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (Photo by Anatolii STEPANOV / AFP)
A child films with her mobile phone near the site of a Russian drone strike in Kyiv on October 29, 2024, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (Photo by Anatolii STEPANOV / AFP)

Ukraine is using dozens of domestically made AI-augmented systems for its drones to reach targets on the battlefield without being piloted, a senior official said, disclosing new details about the race against Russia to harness automation.
Systems that use artificial intelligence allow cheap drones carrying explosives to spot or fly to their targets in areas protected by extensive signal jamming, which has reduced the effectiveness of manually piloted drones, Reuters reported.
The shift towards the use of AI, particularly in drone target finding and flight control, is an important emerging front in the technology race that has unfolded since Russia launched its full-scale invasion in February 2022.
"There are currently several dozen solutions on the market from Ukrainian manufacturers ... they are being purchased and delivered into the armed forces and other defense forces," Ukraine's deputy defense minister Kateryna Chernohorenko said of drone AI systems.
She said they were currently being used in a targeted way in special operations.
Automated drone systems are in high demand among soldiers searching for ways to beat the rapidly increasing use of electronic warfare on the battlefield.
Electronic warfare systems create a protective dome around their location by sending out powerful signals that disrupt communication between drones and their pilots, causing them to lose control of the craft and miss their target.
These systems, once only used to protect the highest-value pieces of equipment, have become a common feature in trenches and on regular vehicles used by soldiers as they seek to protect themselves from the threat of first person view (FPV) drones.
These small and cheap drones, originally built for civilian enthusiasts to race, have since become the most commonly used strike drone on the battlefield, with both countries ramping up their production into the millions per year.
'NEXT PHASE OF THE WAR' A Ukrainian official told Reuters in July that most first person view units' target strike rate had fallen to 30%-50%, while for new pilots that can be as low as 10%, and that signal jamming was the main problem.
The official predicted that AI-operated first person view drones could achieve hit rates of around 80%.
Samuel Bendett, adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, a Washington-based think-tank, said statements from officials on both sides showed automation would likely play an important role in the next phase of the war, but that it was currently not widespread.
"At this point in the conflict, we're seeing small scale application of these technologies as multiple developers are trying to position themselves and their drones as the go to solution," he said.
"Right now, the solutions are relatively simple and often based on commercial technologies that have been available even before the war, but more complicated features can also become available."
Ukraine is also using interceptor drones to down the vast numbers of Russian camera reconnaissance drones helping target artillery and missile strikes on Ukrainian targets behind the lines.
Chernohorenko, the defense official, said that these also needed to be equipped with AI targeting.
"Russian reconnaissance drones are causing huge problems on the frontlines (but) they are now being shot down rather effectively by our interceptors."
COMPUTER VISION
Dmytro Vovchuk, the chief operating officer of NORDA Dynamics, a Ukrainian company which makes software for drones, told Reuters they had been making a product which used computer vision, a type of AI technology, to guide strike drones towards their target.
The software allows a pilot to select a target via the drone's camera, at which point the craft completes the rest of the flight into it autonomously.
The company has sold over 15,000 units of its automated targeting software to drone manufacturers, with over 10,000 of those already delivered. Although in raw terms that is a large number, it is still a tiny proportion of the 4 million drones Ukraine says it is now capable of producing annually.
Vovchuk said strikes could not always be visually confirmed due to the heavy presence of electronic warfare systems around high-value targets.
"From what we have seen, three tanks were definitely destroyed with our systems, as well as a lot (of strikes) on logistics targets," he said, adding that it had also been used to hit field headquarters.
"Those things which are defended by electronic warfare ... this system has enabled strikes on targets which previously it was not cost-effective to hit."