A research team from the Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, used spider silk to address a problem that challenged researchers for years: the inability to benefit from a key weapon in their fight against cancer, the protein p53.
The p53 protein protects our cells from cancer and is an interesting target for cancer treatments. The problem is, however, that it breaks down rapidly in the cell. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have now found an unusual way of stabilizing the protein and making it more potent. By adding a spider silk protein to p53, they show that it is possible to create a protein that is more stable and capable of killing cancer cells.
The study is published in the journal Structure. P53 plays a key role in the body's defense against cancer, in part by discovering and preventing genetic mutations that can lead to cancer. If a cell is lacking functional p53, it quickly becomes a cancer cell that starts to divide uncontrollably.
Researchers around the world are therefore trying to develop cancer treatments that in some way target p53.
"The problem is that cells only make small amounts of p53 and then quickly break it down as it is a very large and disordered protein. We've been inspired by how nature creates stable proteins and have used spider silk protein to stabilize p53. Spider silk consists of long chains of highly stable proteins and is one of nature's strongest polymers,” says Michael Landreh, researcher at the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet.
During the study, the researchers attached a small section of a synthetic spider silk protein onto the human p53 protein. When they then introduced it into cells, they found that the cells started to produce it in large quantities.
The new protein also proved to be more stable than ordinary p53 and capable of killing cancer cells. Using electron microscopy, computer simulations, and mass spectrometry, they were able to show that the likely reason for this was the way the spider silk part managed to give structure to p53's disordered sections.
