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Hoverfly Brains Mapped To Detect the Sound of Distant Drones

A drone is seen in the sky as Chinese drone maker DJI holds a demonstration to display an app that tracks a drone's registration and owner in Montreal, Canada, November 13, 2019. REUTERS/Christinne Muschi
A drone is seen in the sky as Chinese drone maker DJI holds a demonstration to display an app that tracks a drone's registration and owner in Montreal, Canada, November 13, 2019. REUTERS/Christinne Muschi
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Hoverfly Brains Mapped To Detect the Sound of Distant Drones

A drone is seen in the sky as Chinese drone maker DJI holds a demonstration to display an app that tracks a drone's registration and owner in Montreal, Canada, November 13, 2019. REUTERS/Christinne Muschi
A drone is seen in the sky as Chinese drone maker DJI holds a demonstration to display an app that tracks a drone's registration and owner in Montreal, Canada, November 13, 2019. REUTERS/Christinne Muschi

For the first time, Australian researchers have reverse engineered the visual systems of hoverflies to develop drones capable of detecting other drones' acoustic signatures from almost four kilometers away. The research was published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

Autonomous systems experts from the University of South Australia (UniSA), Flinders University and defense company Midspar Systems say that trials using bio-inspired signal processing techniques show up to a 50 percent better detection rate than existing methods.

Hoverflies have a superior vision that can detect visual signs in complex landscapes. The researchers worked under the assumption that the same processes which allow small visual targets to be seen amongst visual clutter could be redeployed to extract low volume acoustic signatures from drones buried in noise.

By converting acoustic signals into two-dimensional 'images' (called spectrograms), researchers used the neural pathway of the hoverfly brain to suppress unrelated signals and noise, increasing the detection range for the sounds they wanted to detect.

Using their image-processing skills and sensing expertise, the researchers made this bio-inspired acoustic data breakthrough, which could help combat the growing global threat posed by IED-carrying drones, including in Ukraine.

“Bio-vision processing has been shown to greatly pick up clear and crisp acoustic signatures of drones, including very small and quiet ones, using an algorithm based on the hoverfly's visual system,” said UniSA Professor of Autonomous Systems and lead author Anthony Finn in a report.

“Unauthorized drones pose distinctive threats to airports, individuals and military bases. It is therefore becoming ever-more critical for us to be able to detect specific locations of drones at long distances, using techniques that can pick up even the weakest signals. Our trials using the hoverfly-based algorithms show we can now do this," noted Finn, who have high hopes for their new technique.

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Uruguay Confronts a Powerful New Threat to Its Palm Trees: A Tiny Red Bug 

A bird perches on the trunk of a dead palm tress, near Peaje Mendoza, in Florida, Uruguay, Wednesday, July 9, 2025, as thousands of palm trees in the South American country have been devoured by the red palm weevil since its unexplained arrival from Southeast Asia in 2022. (AP)
A bird perches on the trunk of a dead palm tress, near Peaje Mendoza, in Florida, Uruguay, Wednesday, July 9, 2025, as thousands of palm trees in the South American country have been devoured by the red palm weevil since its unexplained arrival from Southeast Asia in 2022. (AP)
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Uruguay Confronts a Powerful New Threat to Its Palm Trees: A Tiny Red Bug 

A bird perches on the trunk of a dead palm tress, near Peaje Mendoza, in Florida, Uruguay, Wednesday, July 9, 2025, as thousands of palm trees in the South American country have been devoured by the red palm weevil since its unexplained arrival from Southeast Asia in 2022. (AP)
A bird perches on the trunk of a dead palm tress, near Peaje Mendoza, in Florida, Uruguay, Wednesday, July 9, 2025, as thousands of palm trees in the South American country have been devoured by the red palm weevil since its unexplained arrival from Southeast Asia in 2022. (AP)

Palm trees in Uruguay are more than just plants, they are icons, much like olive groves for Greeks or cherry blossoms for the Japanese.

The treasured trees lining one of the world’s longest sidewalks through Montevideo, Uruguay’s capital, and adorn the swanky Atlantic beach resorts of Punta del Este have recently come under ruthless attack.

Across the small South American country, palm trees are falling prey to a fierce enemy measuring just 5 centimeters (2 inches) in length: The red palm weevil.

First the elegant fronds droop. Then the tell-tale holes appear in the trunk. Soon enough, the tree is tilting toward collapse.

The weevil has devoured thousands of Uruguay’s palm trees since its unexplained arrival from Southeast Asia in 2022. But authorities are only now waking up to the threat as the landscape of municipalities transforms and fears grow that the country's beloved palms could be wiped out.

“We are late in addressing this,” Estela Delgado, the national director of biodiversity at Uruguay's Ministry of Environment, acknowledged last month. “But we are doing so with great commitment and seriousness.”

The insect and its devastating impact can be found in 60 countries around the world but nowhere else in South America. Authorities first detected it in the town of Canelones, bordering Montevideo, where the insect killed more than 2,000 palm trees in less than a month.

Weevils quietly wreak destruction by boring through the open scars of pruned palms and laying hundreds of eggs inside. When larvae hatch, they tunnel through trunks and eat up the trees’ internal tissue. Death strikes within weeks.

The Uruguayan government set up a task force to combat the plague in March. In May, Environment Minister Edgardo Ortuño declared the fight against the red palm weevil “a national priority.”

As of this year, the red bug has proliferated in eight of the country's 19 regions, including Montevideo. Half of the capital's 19,000 palm trees have been infected, estimates Gerardo Grinvald, director of pest control company Equitec, which helps authorities combat the bug.

The insect first attacks decorative Canary palms, the tree in so many pictures of Uruguay’s sunny landscape, before moving onto its date palms.

“It’s an invisible pest,” Grinvald said, explaining the challenge of identifying an infestation when it starts. As a result, landowners fail to isolate and quarantine their trees, fueling the weevil's crawl across the country.

The Montevideo municipality this year earmarked $70,000 for chemical pesticide sprays and insecticide injections meant to kill bugs inside infested trunks, with the goal of saving some 850 trees in the city’s prominent Parque Rodó, a scenic urban park along the coast.

In the southeast corner of Uruguay, home to Punta del Este, a beachy, palm-fringed haven for jet-set elites from all over the world, authorities recently allocated $625,000 for efforts to dispose of infected trees and lure weevils away from affected areas with pheromone traps and other methods.

“We are losing our palm trees,” lamented Montevideo resident Rafael dos Santos as he walked his dog in Parque Rodó. “They are historic in Uruguay, and a part of us.”

As the weevil's march continues unabated, authorities now fear native trees of Uruguay's UNESCO biosphere reserve bordering Brazil will fall victim next, potentially facilitating the spread of the parasite across an unprepared continent.