Ukraine Girds for Renewed Russian Offensive on Eastern Front

Members of a Ukrainian far-right group train in Kharkiv, Ukraine, Saturday, Jan. 29, 2022. (AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka)
Members of a Ukrainian far-right group train in Kharkiv, Ukraine, Saturday, Jan. 29, 2022. (AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka)
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Ukraine Girds for Renewed Russian Offensive on Eastern Front

Members of a Ukrainian far-right group train in Kharkiv, Ukraine, Saturday, Jan. 29, 2022. (AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka)
Members of a Ukrainian far-right group train in Kharkiv, Ukraine, Saturday, Jan. 29, 2022. (AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka)

Ukraine braced for a climactic battle for control of the besieged country's industrial east after Russian forces withdrew from the shattered outskirts of Kyiv to regroup and intensify their offensive across the Donbas region, where authorities urged people to evacuate before time runs out.

The mayor of the southern port city of Mariupol said Wednesday that more than 5,000 civilians had been killed there. Meanwhile, in areas north of the capital, Ukrainian officials gathered evidence of Russian atrocities amid signs Moscow’s troops killed people indiscriminately before retreating over the past several days, The Associated Press said.

In his nightly address, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy warned that the Russian military is building up its forces for a new offensive in the east, where the Kremlin has said its goal is to “liberate” the Donbas, Ukraine’s mostly Russian-speaking industrial heartland. Ukraine, too, was preparing for battle, he said.

“We will fight and we will not retreat,” he said. “We will seek all possible options to defend ourselves until Russia begins to seriously seek peace. This is our land. This is our future. And we won’t give them up.”

Ukrainian authorities urged people living in the Donbas to evacuate immediately.

“Later, people will come under fire,” Deputy Prime Minister Iryna Vereshchuk said, “and we won’t be able to do anything to help them.”

A US defense official speaking on condition of anonymity said Russia had completed pulling out all of its estimated 24,000 or more troops from the Kyiv and Chernihiv areas in the north, sending them into Belarus or Russia to resupply and reorganize, probably to return to fight in the east.

But a Western official, also speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss intelligence estimates, said it will take Russia’s battle-damaged forces as much as a month to regroup for a major push on eastern Ukraine.

Meanwhile, the US and its Western allies have moved to impose new sanctions against the Kremlin over killings they labeled as war crimes.

Mariupol Mayor Vadym Boichenko said that of the more than 5,000 civilians killed during weeks of Russian bombardment and street fighting, 210 were children. Russian forces bombed hospitals, including one where 50 people burned to death, he said.

Boichenko said more than 90% of the city’s infrastructure was destroyed. The attacks on the strategic city on the Sea of Azov have cut off food, water, fuel and medicine and pulverized homes and businesses.

British defense officials said 160,000 people remained trapped in the city, which had a prewar population of 430,000. A humanitarian relief convoy accompanied by the Red Cross has been trying for days without success to get into the city.

Capturing Mariupol would allow Russia to secure a continuous land corridor to the Crimean Peninsula, which Moscow seized from Ukraine in 2014.

In the north, Ukrainian authorities said the bodies of least 410 civilians have been found in towns around Kyiv, victims of what Zelenskyy has portrayed as a Russian campaign of murder, rape, dismemberment and torture. Some victims had apparently been shot at close range. Some were found with their hands bound.

In his address Wednesday night, Zelenskyy accused Russia of interfering with an international investigation into possible war crimes by removing corpses and trying to hide other evidence in Bucha, northeast of Kyiv.

“We have information that the Russian troops have changed tactics and are trying to remove the dead people, the dead Ukrainians, from the streets and cellars of territory they occupied,” he said. “This is only an attempt to hide the evidence and nothing more.”

Switching from Ukrainian to Russian, Zelenskyy urged ordinary Russians “to somehow confront the Russian repressive machine” instead of being “equated with the Nazis for the rest of your life.”

He called on Russians to demand an end to the war, “if you have even a little shame about what the Russian military is doing in Ukraine.”

In reaction to the alleged atrocities outside Kyiv, the US announced sanctions against Putin's two adult daughters and said it is toughening penalties against Russian banks. Britain banned investment in Russia and pledged to end its dependence on Russian coal and oil by the end of the year.

The US Senate planned to take up legislation Thursday to end normal trade relations with Russia and to codify President Joe Biden’s executive action banning imports of Russian oil. The trade suspension would allow Biden to enact higher tariffs on certain Russian imports.

The European Union is also expected to take additional punitive measures, including an embargo on coal.

The Kremlin has insisted its troops have committed no war crimes and alleged the images out of Bucha were staged by the Ukrainians.

More bodies were yet to be collected in Bucha. The Associated Press saw two in a house in a silent neighborhood. From time to time there was the muffled boom of workers clearing the town of mines and other unexploded ordnance.

Workers at a cemetery began to load more than 60 bodies into a grocery shipping truck for transport to a facility for further investigation.

Police said they found at least 20 bodies in the Makariv area west of Kyiv. In the village of Andriivka, residents said the Russians arrived in early March and took locals’ phones. Some people were detained, then released. Others met unknown fates. Some described sheltering for weeks in cellars normally used for storing vegetables.

“First we were scared, now we are hysterical,” said Valentyna Klymenko, 64. She said she, her husband and two neighbors weathered the siege by sleeping on stacks of potatoes covered with a mattress and blankets. “We didn’t cry at first. Now we are crying.”

To the north of the village, in the town of Borodyanka, rescue workers searched through the rubble of apartment blocks, looking for bodies.

Thwarted in their efforts to swiftly take the capital, increasing numbers of Putin’s troops, along with mercenaries, have been reported moving into the Donbas.

Ukrainian forces have been fighting Russia-backed separatists in the Donbas since 2014. Ahead of its Feb. 24 invasion, Moscow recognized the Luhansk and Donetsk regions as independent states.

The United States and the United Kingdom boycotted an informal meeting Wednesday of the UN Security Council called by Russia to press its baseless claims that the US has biological warfare laboratories in Ukraine. The meeting was the latest of several moves by Russia that have led Western countries to accuse Moscow of using the UN as a platform for disinformation to divert attention from the war.

Russia's allegations have previously been debunked. Ukraine does own and operate a network of biological labs that have received funding and research support from the US and are not a secret. The labs are part of a program that aims to reduce the likelihood of deadly outbreaks, whether natural or manufactured.

The US efforts date to work in the 1990s to dismantle the former Soviet Union’s program for weapons of mass destruction.



‘I Know the Pain’: Ex-Refugee Takes over as UNHCR Chief

United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Refugees, Barham Salih (C) holds a meeting with local administrative and security leaders following his arrival at the Kakuma refugee complex in Kakamu on January 11, 2026. (AFP)
United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Refugees, Barham Salih (C) holds a meeting with local administrative and security leaders following his arrival at the Kakuma refugee complex in Kakamu on January 11, 2026. (AFP)
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‘I Know the Pain’: Ex-Refugee Takes over as UNHCR Chief

United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Refugees, Barham Salih (C) holds a meeting with local administrative and security leaders following his arrival at the Kakuma refugee complex in Kakamu on January 11, 2026. (AFP)
United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Refugees, Barham Salih (C) holds a meeting with local administrative and security leaders following his arrival at the Kakuma refugee complex in Kakamu on January 11, 2026. (AFP)

Barham Salih has known torture and the wrenching loss of exile. Four decades after his own ordeal, he has taken the helm of the UN refugee agency as it grapples with a funding shortfall and ever-rising needs.

A former Iraqi president, Salih, 65, became the first former head of state to run the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) at the start of the year.

"It is a profound moral and legal responsibility," Salih told AFP during his first trip in the new role -- to Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya.

"I know the pain of losing a home, losing your friends," he said.

The Kakuma refugee camp, which Salih visited on Sunday, is east Africa's second largest, hosting roughly 300,000 people from South Sudan, Somalia, Uganda and Burundi. It has been in place since 1992.

The world "should not allow this to continue", Salih said, praising a new initiative by Kenya to turn its camps into economic hubs.

"We should not only protect refugees... but also enable them to have more durable solutions," he said, while adding: "The better way is to have peace established in their own countries... nowhere is nicer than home."

- 'Electric shocks, beating' -

The son of a judge and a women's rights activist, Salih was born in 1960 in Sulaymaniyah, a stronghold of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), which sought self-determination for Iraq's Kurds.

He went into exile in Iran in 1974, spending a year at a school for refugees. As a teenager in 1979, back in Iraq and already a member of the PUK, he was arrested twice by former ruler Saddam Hussein's regime.

"I was released after 43 days after having suffered torture, electric shocks, beating," he said.

Upon release, he still managed to rank among Iraq's top three high school students, according to a former colleague, before fleeing with his family to Britain where he earned a degree in computer engineering and a doctorate.

Salih has "real experience of exile... He brings a personal perspective of displacement, which is very important," Filippo Grandi, his predecessor at UNHCR, told AFP last month.

Salih went on to a successful career in Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraq's federal government after Hussein's overthrow in 2003, holding the largely ceremonial role of president from 2018 to 2022.

- 'Serious budget cuts' -

Refugee numbers have doubled to 117 million in the past decade, the UNHCR said in June, but funding has dropped sharply, especially since Donald Trump returned to the White House.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres recently praised Salih's experience as a "crisis negotiator and architect of national reforms" at a time when the agency faces "very serious challenges".

"We have had very serious budget cuts last year. A lot of staff have been reduced," Salih told AFP.

"But we have to understand, we have to adapt," he said, calling for "more efficiency and accountability" while also insisting the international community meets its "legal and moral obligations to help".


Landmark Myanmar Rohingya Genocide Case Opens at UN’s Top Court

A view of the courtroom as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) starts two weeks of hearings in a landmark case brought by Gambia, which accuses Myanmar of committing genocide ​the Rohingya, a minority Muslim group, in The Hague, Netherlands, January 12, 2026. (Reuters)
A view of the courtroom as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) starts two weeks of hearings in a landmark case brought by Gambia, which accuses Myanmar of committing genocide ​the Rohingya, a minority Muslim group, in The Hague, Netherlands, January 12, 2026. (Reuters)
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Landmark Myanmar Rohingya Genocide Case Opens at UN’s Top Court

A view of the courtroom as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) starts two weeks of hearings in a landmark case brought by Gambia, which accuses Myanmar of committing genocide ​the Rohingya, a minority Muslim group, in The Hague, Netherlands, January 12, 2026. (Reuters)
A view of the courtroom as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) starts two weeks of hearings in a landmark case brought by Gambia, which accuses Myanmar of committing genocide ​the Rohingya, a minority Muslim group, in The Hague, Netherlands, January 12, 2026. (Reuters)

A landmark case ​accusing Myanmar of committing genocide against minority Muslim Rohingya opened at the United Nations' top court on Monday.

It is the first genocide case the International Court of Justice will hear in full in more than a decade. The outcome will have repercussions beyond Myanmar, likely affecting South Africa’s genocide case at the ICJ against Israel over the war in Gaza.

Myanmar has denied accusations of genocide.

"The case is likely to set critical precedents for how genocide is defined ‌and how it ‌can be proven, and how violations can be ‌remedied," ⁠Nicholas ​Koumjian, head ‌of the UN's Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar, told Reuters.

The predominantly Muslim West African country of Gambia filed the case at the ICJ - also known as the World Court - in 2019, accusing Myanmar of committing genocide against the Rohingya, a mainly Muslim minority in the remote western Rakhine state.

Myanmar's armed forces launched an offensive in 2017 that forced at least 730,000 Rohingya from their homes and into neighboring Bangladesh, where they ⁠recounted killings, mass rape and arson.

A UN fact-finding mission concluded the 2017 military offensive had included "genocidal acts".

ROHINGYA VICTIMS ‌SAY THEY WANT JUSTICE

Speaking in The Hague before ‍the hearings, Rohingya victims said they ‍want the long-awaited court case to deliver justice.

"We are hoping for a ‍positive result that will tell the world that Myanmar committed genocide, and we are the victims of that and we deserve justice," Yousuf Ali, a 52-year-old Rohingya refugee who says he was tortured by the Myanmar military, told Reuters.

Myanmar authorities rejected that report, saying ​its military offensive was a legitimate counter-terrorism campaign in response to attacks by Muslim militants. In the 2019 preliminary hearings in the ICJ ⁠case, Myanmar's then leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, rejected Gambia's accusations of genocide as "incomplete and misleading".

The hearings at the ICJ will mark the first time that Rohingya victims of the alleged atrocities will be heard by an international court, although those sessions will be closed to the public and the media for sensitivity and privacy reasons.

In total, the hearings at the ICJ will span three weeks. The ICJ is the U.N.'s highest court and deals with disputes between states.

Myanmar has been in further turmoil since 2021, when the military toppled the elected civilian government and violently suppressed pro-democracy protests, sparking a nationwide armed rebellion.

The country is currently holding phased elections ‌that have been criticized by the United Nations, some Western countries and human rights groups as not free or fair.


Trump Says Working Well with Venezuela’s New Leaders, Open to Meeting

A motorcyclist rides past graffiti depicting former Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, who is facing trial in the United States after US forces captured him, in Caracas, Venezuela, Sunday, Jan. 11, 2026. (AP)
A motorcyclist rides past graffiti depicting former Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, who is facing trial in the United States after US forces captured him, in Caracas, Venezuela, Sunday, Jan. 11, 2026. (AP)
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Trump Says Working Well with Venezuela’s New Leaders, Open to Meeting

A motorcyclist rides past graffiti depicting former Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, who is facing trial in the United States after US forces captured him, in Caracas, Venezuela, Sunday, Jan. 11, 2026. (AP)
A motorcyclist rides past graffiti depicting former Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, who is facing trial in the United States after US forces captured him, in Caracas, Venezuela, Sunday, Jan. 11, 2026. (AP)

US President Donald Trump said Sunday his administration was working well with Venezuela's interim leader Delcy Rodriguez -- and that he would be open to meeting with her.

Trump's upbeat remarks came just over a week after Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro was seized in a US special forces raid and brought to New York to face drug trafficking charges.

Trump has said that the United States now has de facto control of Venezuela, as it enforces a naval blockade of the South American nation's vital oil exports.

Rodriguez, despite being a close Maduro ally, has indicated a willingness to work with the United States, saying she is open to cooperate on Trump's demands for access to Venezuelan oil.

Her government has also vowed to release political prisoners and begin talks on reestablishing diplomatic ties with Washington.

US envoys visited Caracas on Friday to discuss reopening Washington's embassy there.

"Venezuela is really working out well. We're working along really well with the leadership," Trump told reporters Sunday aboard Air Force One.

Asked if he planned to meet with Rodriguez, Trump said: "At some point I'll be."

He also said he expected to meet with Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado on Tuesday or Wednesday.

Many were stunned when Trump dismissed the possibility of Machado serving as Venezuela's interim leader following the toppling of Maduro, and instead accepted Rodriguez's ascent.

Machado was given the Nobel Peace Prize last year and dedicated it to Trump, though he has made no secret of his frustration at being passed over for the award.

- Political prisoners -

The Venezuelan government began to release prisoners jailed under Maduro on Thursday, saying a "large" number would be released -- but rights groups and the opposition say only about 20 have walked free so far, including several prominent opposition figures.

Relatives have gathered outside prisons believed to be holding political detainees, to await their loved ones' release, sometimes even camping outside.

Rights groups estimate there are 800 to 1,200 political prisoners currently being held in Venezuela.

"Venezuela has started the process, in a BIG WAY, of releasing their political prisoners. Thank you!" Trump said in a post late Saturday on his Truth Social platform.

"I hope those prisoners will remember how lucky they got that the USA came along and did what had to be done."

Meanwhile, a detained police officer accused of "treason" against Venezuela died in state custody after a stroke and heart attack, the state prosecution service confirmed Sunday.

Opposition groups said the 52-year-old man, Edison Jose Torres Fernandez, had shared messages critical of Maduro's government.

"We directly hold the regime of Delcy Rodriguez responsible for this death," Justice First, part of the Venezuelan opposition alliance, said on X.

Late Saturday, families held candlelight vigils outside El Rodeo prison east of Caracas and El Helicoide, a notorious jail run by the intelligence services, holding signs with the names of their imprisoned relatives.

Prisoners include Freddy Superlano, a close ally of Machado who was jailed after challenging Maduro's widely contested reelection in 2024.

"He is alive -- that was what I was most afraid about," Superlano's wife Aurora Silva told reporters.

"He is standing strong and I am sure he is going to come out soon."

Maduro's supporters rallied in Caracas on Saturday but the demonstrations were far smaller than his camp had mustered in the past, and top figures from his government were notably absent.

- Oil -

Trump pressed top oil executives at a White House meeting on Friday to invest in Venezuela, but was met with a cautious reception.

ExxonMobil's chief executive Darren Woods notably dismissed the country as "uninvestable" without sweeping reforms -- earning a rebuke from Trump.

"I didn't like Exxon's response. You know, we have so many that want it, I'd probably be inclined to keep Exxon out. I didn't like their response. They're playing too cute," Trump said Sunday.

Experts say Venezuela's oil infrastructure is creaky after years of mismanagement and sanctions.