‘Souq Al-Zal’… A Saudi Shopping Destination with Historic Twist

Saudi Arabian city view with the Kingdom Tower, background, and 'Al-Faislia Tower' in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February 9, 2011. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)
Saudi Arabian city view with the Kingdom Tower, background, and 'Al-Faislia Tower' in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February 9, 2011. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)
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‘Souq Al-Zal’… A Saudi Shopping Destination with Historic Twist

Saudi Arabian city view with the Kingdom Tower, background, and 'Al-Faislia Tower' in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February 9, 2011. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)
Saudi Arabian city view with the Kingdom Tower, background, and 'Al-Faislia Tower' in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February 9, 2011. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)

Shoppers can travel back in time in Souq Al Zal’s corridors featuring details that tell endless tales inspired by a rich history and generations of merchants who worked there over the past 120 years. The Souq is located in the Saudi capital, near the ruling palace.

Established in 1319 AH (1901 AD), Souq Al Zal in Riyadh draws a real image of the Saudi heritage. It’s surrounded by the Masmak Fort, Al Thumairi Street, and the Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque.

This Souq is like no other in the Saudi capital; it has become the largest complex of shops selling menswear, popular accessories, carpets, antiquities, shoes, incense, and all kinds of oriental perfumes. It also features a separate auction space dedicated for old goods sales.

The Souq sees a higher turnout during Ramadan, as people visit it looking for decorations inspired by the holy month and Eid al-Fitr, knowing they can find all what they want including garments, accessories, perfumes, oud, and incense.

Although it looks so simple and modest, the Souq boasts unique and historic buildings that have maintained their original design. There, shoppers enjoy a special experience that takes them back to the past to learn more about their ancestors.

The Souq gathers people from all social classes coming to shop goods that they might not find elsewhere.

Abu Ahmed, an incense merchant in Souq Al Zal, says the turnout in Ramadan has remarkably increased, as many shoppers come looking for decorations for Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr.

Visitor Abdullah al-Otaybi says he has come to this Souq since he was a child, noting it’s his favorite place to return to the past and explore the details of the old Saudi lifestyle, and to buy his needs, especially before Eid al-Fitr.



These Canadian Rocks May Be the Oldest on Earth

A close-up view of metagabbroic rocks from the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada, that are 4.16 billion years old is seen in this photograph released on June 26, 2025. (Jonathan O'Neil/Handout via Reuters)
A close-up view of metagabbroic rocks from the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada, that are 4.16 billion years old is seen in this photograph released on June 26, 2025. (Jonathan O'Neil/Handout via Reuters)
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These Canadian Rocks May Be the Oldest on Earth

A close-up view of metagabbroic rocks from the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada, that are 4.16 billion years old is seen in this photograph released on June 26, 2025. (Jonathan O'Neil/Handout via Reuters)
A close-up view of metagabbroic rocks from the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada, that are 4.16 billion years old is seen in this photograph released on June 26, 2025. (Jonathan O'Neil/Handout via Reuters)

Scientists have identified what could be the oldest rocks on Earth from a rock formation in Canada.

The Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt has long been known for its ancient rocks — plains of streaked gray stone on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay in Quebec. But researchers disagree on exactly how old they are.

Work from two decades ago suggested the rocks could be 4.3 billion years old, placing them in the earliest period of Earth's history. But other scientists using a different dating method contested the finding, arguing that long-ago contaminants were skewing the rocks' age and that they were actually slightly younger at 3.8 billion years old.

In the new study, researchers sampled a different section of rock from the belt and estimated its age using the previous two dating techniques — measuring how one radioactive element decays into another over time. The result: The rocks were about 4.16 billion years old.

The different methods "gave exactly the same age,” said study author Jonathan O'Neil with the University of Ottawa.

The new research was published Thursday in the journal Science.

Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a collapsing cloud of dust and gas soon after the solar system existed. Primordial rocks often get melted and recycled by Earth's moving tectonic plates, making them extremely rare on the surface today. Scientists have uncovered 4 billion-year-old rocks from another formation in Canada called the Acasta Gneiss Complex, but the Nuvvuagittuq rocks could be even older.

Studying rocks from Earth's earliest history could give a glimpse into how the planet may have looked — how its roiling magma oceans gave way to tectonic plates — and even how life got started.

“To have a sample of what was going on on Earth way back then is really valuable,” said Mark Reagan with the University of Iowa, who studies volcanic rocks and lava and was not involved with the new study.

The rock formation is on tribal Inukjuak lands and the local Inuit community has temporarily restricted scientists from taking samples from the site due to damage from previous visits.

After some geologists visited the site, large chunks of rock were missing and the community noticed pieces for sale online, said Tommy Palliser, who manages the land with the Pituvik Landholding Corp. The Inuit community wants to work with scientists to set up a provincial park that would protect the land while allowing researchers to study it.

“There's a lot of interest for these rocks, which we understand,” said Palliser, a member of the community. “We just don't want any more damage.”