Frogs Help Identify Three Illness-Resistant Drugs

A toad is pictured on the road in Tallinn, Estonia April 13, 2021. REUTERS/Janis Laizans
A toad is pictured on the road in Tallinn, Estonia April 13, 2021. REUTERS/Janis Laizans
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Frogs Help Identify Three Illness-Resistant Drugs

A toad is pictured on the road in Tallinn, Estonia April 13, 2021. REUTERS/Janis Laizans
A toad is pictured on the road in Tallinn, Estonia April 13, 2021. REUTERS/Janis Laizans

Humans may soon owe to a species of small frogs that may give them the power to resist illness. A team of researchers have recently identified a mechanism that gives those ‘super’ frogs the strength to resist pathogens, which opens a new door to repurpose currently used drugs to replicate this power in humans.

During the study, published in the journal Science Advances on June 19, researchers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered genetic and biological mechanisms that enhance the ability of cells and tissues in Xenopus laevis frogs to resist damage in the presence of invading pathogens, suggesting that infections in humans and other animals could one day be treated by increasing their tolerance to pathogens.

The standard approach to treating infections for the last 75 years has been to focus on killing the pathogen, but the overuse of antibiotics in livestock and in humans has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the super illness-resisting powers Xenopus laevis frogs have inspired the researchers to focus on modifying a host's response to a pathogen rather than killing the pathogen itself.

Research into the biology of disease tolerance has found that it is associated with the activation of stress responses that are normally induced by a low level of oxygen (hypoxia). These cellular responses reprogram T cells, which reduces the amount of inflammation they cause.

As part of the Wyss Institute's ongoing quest to identify drugs that could replicate these biological processes and induce tolerance in humans, the team used a combination of computational techniques and hands-on experiments to tease out the genes and molecular pathways that control tolerance in Xenopus frogs, and then find existing drugs that could activate those pathways and induce a state of tolerance against pathogens in humans.

After examining 30 pharmaceutical drugs, they found three drugs were actually effective for this purpose: FDA-approved deferoxamine, Mimosine, and hydralazine.



Indonesia Volcano Spews 18-kilometer Ash Tower

In photo released by Geological Agency (Badan Geologi) of the Indonesia's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki spews volcanic materials during an eruption in East Flores, Indonesia, Monday, July 7, 2025. (Badan Geologi via AP)
In photo released by Geological Agency (Badan Geologi) of the Indonesia's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki spews volcanic materials during an eruption in East Flores, Indonesia, Monday, July 7, 2025. (Badan Geologi via AP)
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Indonesia Volcano Spews 18-kilometer Ash Tower

In photo released by Geological Agency (Badan Geologi) of the Indonesia's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki spews volcanic materials during an eruption in East Flores, Indonesia, Monday, July 7, 2025. (Badan Geologi via AP)
In photo released by Geological Agency (Badan Geologi) of the Indonesia's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki spews volcanic materials during an eruption in East Flores, Indonesia, Monday, July 7, 2025. (Badan Geologi via AP)

A volcano in eastern Indonesia erupted on Monday spewing a colossal ash tower 18 kilometers (11 miles) into the sky, authorities said, just weeks after it caused dozens of flight cancellations to and from the popular resort island of Bali.

Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki, a 1,584-meter-high volcano on the tourist island of Flores, erupted at 11:05 am local time (0305 GMT), the volcanology agency said in a statement.

"An eruption of Lewotobi Laki-Laki Volcano occurred... with the observed ash column height reaching approximately 18,000 m above the summit," the agency said.

It warned of the possibility of hazardous lahar floods –- a type of mud or debris flow of volcanic materials –- if heavy rain occurs, particularly for communities near rivers.

There were no immediate reports of damages or casualties.

Geology agency head Muhammad Wafid said in a statement the activity level at the volcano was "very high, marked by explosive eruptions and continuous tremors".

He also urged residents to stay at least six kilometers (3.7 miles) away from the volcano and to wear face masks to protect themselves from volcanic ash.

Last month dozens of flights to and from Bali were cancelled after the volcano erupted. Volcanic ash rained down on several communities around the volcano and forced the evacuation of at least one village.

Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki erupted multiple times in November, killing nine people and forcing thousands to evacuate, as well as the cancellation of scores of international flights to Bali.

There were no immediate reports of cancelled flights after Monday's eruption.

A customer service agent of airport operator InJourney Airports told AFP that Bali's Ngurah Rai international airport was still operating normally despite the eruption.

Indonesia's transport ministry and airport operator did not immediately respond to an AFP comment request.

Laki-Laki, which means man in Indonesian, is twinned with the calmer but taller 1,703-metre (5,587-foot) volcano named Perempuan, after the Indonesian word for woman.