Some Iraqi Province Defy Govt Orders over Water Management

People cross the Diyala River, a tributary of the Tigris, where decreasing water levels this year have raised alarm among residents, near Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, June 29, 2022. (AP)
People cross the Diyala River, a tributary of the Tigris, where decreasing water levels this year have raised alarm among residents, near Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, June 29, 2022. (AP)
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Some Iraqi Province Defy Govt Orders over Water Management

People cross the Diyala River, a tributary of the Tigris, where decreasing water levels this year have raised alarm among residents, near Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, June 29, 2022. (AP)
People cross the Diyala River, a tributary of the Tigris, where decreasing water levels this year have raised alarm among residents, near Baghdad, Iraq, Wednesday, June 29, 2022. (AP)

Governor of Iraq’s Babylon province appeared in a video last month as he ordered the opening of a water gate on the Euphrates River to meet the demand of local farmers.

The move was a blatant act of defiance against the federal government that is responsible for the management of water resources throughout the country.

The Ministry of Water Resources threatened at the time to take “legal measures” against government Ali Allawi al-Dulaimi and demanded that local governments “refrain from meddling” in its affairs.

The worsening water crisis and violations over water shares in Babylon forced Minister of Water Resources Mahdi al-Hamdani to carry out a field visit in the province on Saturday.

In a statement, his ministry said the visit aimed at inspecting the water situation in the area.

The ministry is exerting great efforts to ensure that provinces that are located far away from rivers receive water, it added.

Violations over water shares are becoming a daily occurrence nearly throughout Iraq, with claims that provinces are not receiving enough water. The government has not taken enough measures to deter such practices, which has only encouraged violations.

On Saturday, the General Commission for Groundwater announced that some of its workers were attacked in the Al-Muthanna province.

In a statement, it said the employees were physically assaulted and prevented from completing their work shift. They were forcibly removed from their offices as the local authority in Al-Muthanna did nothing to contain the situation.

Moreover, it revealed that groundwater in the province was being extracted by locals, without official approval from the Water Resources Ministry. This has resulted in a drop in groundwater levels in some regions and the drying up of some lakes.

Drought and water shortages are becoming an increasingly growing problem in Iraq due to lack of rainfall and water violations committed by its neighbors, namely Iran and Turkey.

Rainfall has dropped below average levels for three years in Iraq.

Compounding the problem is the poor management of this complicated file by official authorities.

Battered by decades of conflict that has sapped its infrastructure, Iraq is struggling with droughts, repeated sandstorms, desertification and a drop in some river levels.

The United Nations ranks Iraq as one of the top five countries most vulnerable to climate change.

Since mid-April, it has been battered by 10 sandstorms -- a product of intense drought, soil degradation, high temperatures and low rainfall linked to climate change.

President Barham Salih has warned that tackling climate change "must become a national priority for Iraq as it is an existential threat to the future of our generations to come".

Salih said desertification affects 39 percent of Iraq, where water supplies are also dwindling drastically and crop yields are declining.

But efforts to address such issues appear to have been shelved, as Iraq grapples with political deadlock that has left it without a new government after polls last October.

The World Bank has warned that unless solutions are found, Iraq could lose 20 percent of its water resources by 2050 due to climate change.



Talks Fail on Transfer Mechanism for Syrian Prisoners in Lebanon

Prisoners stroll through a yard inside Roumieh prison, northeast of Beirut, on April 7, 2006. AFP
Prisoners stroll through a yard inside Roumieh prison, northeast of Beirut, on April 7, 2006. AFP
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Talks Fail on Transfer Mechanism for Syrian Prisoners in Lebanon

Prisoners stroll through a yard inside Roumieh prison, northeast of Beirut, on April 7, 2006. AFP
Prisoners stroll through a yard inside Roumieh prison, northeast of Beirut, on April 7, 2006. AFP

A Lebanese judicial delegation has returned from Damascus empty-handed, failing to secure the breakthrough it sought on a new treaty governing the transfer of Syrian prisoners held in Lebanon.

The talks instead laid bare deep rifts between the two sides, with Syria rejecting most of the proposed text and arguing that it fell short of even the minimum required to ensure the return of its nationals.

No agreement on all points

Even so, the Lebanese delegation sought to play down the gaps. A source close to the team said the atmosphere was positive but that there was no agreement on all points.

The source told Asharq Al-Awsat that Lebanon was cooperating with Damascus on the Syrian detainee file and appreciated Syria’s desire to complete the trials of those held in Lebanon or allow convicts to serve their sentences on Syrian territory.

The source acknowledged that the draft treaty applied only to convicts and did not include those still on trial, since handing over detainees requires a law issued by the Lebanese parliament, which is not currently possible.

Lebanon’s efforts to show flexibility did not receive a similar response in Damascus. Sources familiar with the meeting held in the Syrian capital described the draft agreement as loaded with problematic provisions and said it was unacceptable.

They said the two sides remained locked in disputes over two articles that Damascus viewed as attempts by Lebanon to sidestep understandings reached during talks in Damascus last month.

One article states that the transferring state, Lebanon, may refuse to hand over any convict or detainee without providing justification, based on considerations specific to it.

The sources said this effectively gave Lebanon the right to refuse the transfer of any Syrian prisoner without being required to present legal grounds.

The second, more sensitive, provision for the Syrians concerned what they saw as interference in the powers of Syrian authorities.

The sources said Article 10 of the treaty, which Lebanon intended to model after its agreement with Pakistan, stipulated that Syria, as the receiving state, may not grant amnesty to any convict or detainee handed over by Lebanon.

The agreement with Pakistan does not prohibit Islamabad from granting amnesty to its nationals returned from Lebanon.

The sources said Syria had already discussed all aspects of the agreement during its delegation’s visit to Beirut and had expressed a desire for Lebanon to facilitate the transfer of convicts and detainees under a clear mechanism that respects Lebanese sovereignty and applicable laws.

This mechanism would ban any Syrian who had been detained or convicted in Lebanon from reentering the country, and would allow Lebanese authorities to arrest and prosecute anyone who violates the ban.

Syrian dissatisfaction

Sources who followed Wednesday’s meeting in Damascus said the Syrian side was deeply dissatisfied with what it saw as Lebanese intransigence and a lack of flexibility, particularly since some of the convicts covered by the treaty have spent more than 11 years in Lebanese prisons.

Others remained in pretrial detention for years before their sentences were issued.

Damascus also informed the Lebanese delegation that it would not request the return of anyone proven to have killed Lebanese soldiers or carried out bombings that caused civilian casualties.

Tensions around the file heightened after the Lebanese delegation left Damascus without setting a date for another round of negotiations.

The sources expressed concern that Syria’s rejection of the draft could halt the dialogue altogether and strain bilateral relations.

Damascus has repeatedly said that establishing stable and strong ties requires a final resolution to the Syrian prisoners’ file in Lebanon, especially since most Syrians detained or convicted on terrorism charges had been part of the Syrian uprising, and their arrest and prosecution in Lebanon stemmed from their political choices.


Israel Insists on Hamas Disarmament, Rejects Freeze Proposal

Palestinians walk through the rubble amid stormy weather in Gaza City Thursday, Dec. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Jehad Alshrafi)
Palestinians walk through the rubble amid stormy weather in Gaza City Thursday, Dec. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Jehad Alshrafi)
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Israel Insists on Hamas Disarmament, Rejects Freeze Proposal

Palestinians walk through the rubble amid stormy weather in Gaza City Thursday, Dec. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Jehad Alshrafi)
Palestinians walk through the rubble amid stormy weather in Gaza City Thursday, Dec. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Jehad Alshrafi)

Israel has held firm to demands that Hamas be disarmed as part of President Donald Trump’s ceasefire plan for Gaza, whose first phase began in October. An Israeli official said Tel Aviv has rejected a proposal from the group’s leadership to freeze the use of weapons under a long term truce.

Speaking to Agence France Presse on Thursday, the official said there will be no future for Hamas under the twenty-point plan and the group will be disarmed.

Gaza will be demilitarized, the official added.

The comments came a day after Khaled Meshaal, the head of Hamas’s political bureau abroad, relayed in an interview aired by Al Jazeera on Wednesday that the idea of completely giving up weapons is unacceptable to the resistance.

He said the group had floated the notion of freezing its weapons, adding that the resistance was offering proposals that could guarantee the absence of military escalation from Gaza against Israel.

Israeli Army Radio quoted an official in Tel Aviv on Thursday as saying Israel “remains committed to fully disarming Gaza,” adding that there is ongoing coordination with the United States on this issue.

The ceasefire agreement, which took effect on October 10, stipulates that Hamas and other armed factions in Gaza must be disarmed.

Openness in the Trump administration

A senior Hamas figure believes the Trump administration, which has repeatedly stressed disarmament, “has become more open to ideas being exchanged between Hamas and the mediators on one side and Washington on the other.”

The source told Asharq Al-Awsat that “several ideas were proposed by the movement and developed by the mediators, and other proposals are still being passed around by different parties to help accelerate the transition to the second phase.”

But Hamas’s perceptions seem at odds with recent public statements, most recently from US Ambassador to the United Nations Mike Waltz in his meeting with Israeli President Isaac Herzog on Wednesday. Waltz said Washington would not allow Hamas to rebuild itself.

Sources in the group said contacts with all parties were continuing and that the current talks show greater seriousness to reach understandings on this issue and others.

Hamas appears to be banking on American flexibility that could allow it to retain its weapons or place them in storage under a freeze, or even put them under the custody of an Arab or Islamic party.

One Hamas source said “the mediators are capable of creating broad convergence and understanding with the United States on the weapons issue and other important files such as the deployment of international forces and the governance of the Gaza Strip.”

Meshaal had explained his proposal for freezing, rather than dismantling, the group’s weapons by saying it wants a framework with guarantees that Israel will not return to war against Gaza.

He suggested that weapons can be safeguarded and neither used nor displayed.

Meshaal added that mediators could guarantee that Hamas and other resistance forces in Gaza would prevent any military escalation from the enclave.

A role for the Authority

Israel insists on moving to the second phase of the deal after Hamas hands over the body of the last Israeli hostage in its custody. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said days ago that the transition to the next phase was near, while noting the difficulties surrounding it such as disarming Hamas and Gaza “whether the easy way or the hard way.”

Amid the dispute between Hamas and Israel, the Palestinian Authority has underscored its position that it must assume full responsibilities in Gaza with exclusive authority over security and law.

President Mahmoud Abbas has held talks in recent days with several Arab, Islamic and European leaders, stressing the Authority’s readiness to take over and its commitment to its reform program, which he said would enable it to carry out its duties and prepare for comprehensive elections.

Hamas does not publicly comment on the Authority’s stance, but a senior source in the group told Asharq Al Awsat, “We have no objection to coordinating with the Palestinian Authority and for it to assume its responsibilities in Gaza, but this requires agreement on a comprehensive national program.”

The source added that “another problem is that Israel refuses to allow any role for the Authority in Gaza and we are working with all parties, with help from international pressure on Tel Aviv, so that the Palestinian Authority can eventually govern the strip.”


Trump Reportedly Planning to Appoint US General to Command ISF in Gaza

A Palestinian man rides his bicycle through the rubble amid stormy weather in Gaza City Thursday, Dec. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Jehad Alshrafi)
A Palestinian man rides his bicycle through the rubble amid stormy weather in Gaza City Thursday, Dec. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Jehad Alshrafi)
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Trump Reportedly Planning to Appoint US General to Command ISF in Gaza

A Palestinian man rides his bicycle through the rubble amid stormy weather in Gaza City Thursday, Dec. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Jehad Alshrafi)
A Palestinian man rides his bicycle through the rubble amid stormy weather in Gaza City Thursday, Dec. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Jehad Alshrafi)

President Donald Trump is planning to appoint an American two-star general to command the International Stabilization Force (ISF) in Gaza, according to two US officials and two Israeli officials.

Despite the claims, Axios quoted a White House official as saying there have been discussions around the composition of the ISF, the Board of Peace, and a technocratic Palestinian government, "but no definitive decisions have been made or communicated."

The October 10 ceasefire has enabled hundreds of thousands of Palestinians to return to Gaza City's ruins. Israel has pulled troops back from city positions, and aid flows have increased.

But violence has not completely halted. Palestinian health authorities say Israeli forces have killed 383 people in strikes in Gaza since the truce. Israel says three of its soldiers have been killed since the ceasefire began, and it has attacked scores of fighters.

On Thursday, medics said at least one Palestinian woman was killed, and some other people were wounded in Israeli tank shelling in Jabalia in the northern Gaza Strip. The Israeli military didn't offer immediate comment. Medics had earlier said two women were killed in the Jabalia incident.

The second phase of the ceasefire deal involves the Israeli army pulling farther back, the ISF deploying to Gaza, and a new governing structure coming into force, including the Trump-led Board of Peace.

The UN Security Council recently authorized both the ISF and the board.

Trump told reporters Wednesday that he's planning to announce the Gaza Board of Peace in early 2026.

According to Axios, two Israeli officials said US Ambassador Mike Waltz to the UN, who visited Israel this week, told Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and other officials that the Trump administration is going to lead the ISF and appoint a two-star general as its commander.

"Waltz even said he knows the general personally and stressed he is a very serious guy," one Israeli official said.

The Israeli officials said Waltz stressed that having an American general in charge of the ISF should give Israel confidence it will operate according to appropriate standards.

Two US officials confirmed that the plan is to appoint a US general to lead the ISF.

The US has proposed that former UN Middle East envoy Nickolay Mladenov serve as Board of Peace representative on the ground in Gaza, working with a future Palestinian technocratic government, sources with knowledge said.