Typewriters are Still Thriving in Bolivia

AFP file photo showing a broken typewriter symbolically displayed outside Istanbul's courthouse on September 30, 2021 during a retrial of Reporters Without Borders (RSF) representative in Turkey on charges of making terror propaganda for Kurdish militants in Istanbul.
AFP file photo showing a broken typewriter symbolically displayed outside Istanbul's courthouse on September 30, 2021 during a retrial of Reporters Without Borders (RSF) representative in Turkey on charges of making terror propaganda for Kurdish militants in Istanbul.
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Typewriters are Still Thriving in Bolivia

AFP file photo showing a broken typewriter symbolically displayed outside Istanbul's courthouse on September 30, 2021 during a retrial of Reporters Without Borders (RSF) representative in Turkey on charges of making terror propaganda for Kurdish militants in Istanbul.
AFP file photo showing a broken typewriter symbolically displayed outside Istanbul's courthouse on September 30, 2021 during a retrial of Reporters Without Borders (RSF) representative in Turkey on charges of making terror propaganda for Kurdish militants in Istanbul.

Rogelio Condori clicks on his typewriter with his eyes focused on the paper. He has been working for around 40 years, in La Paz, in typing different types of papers, from administrative documents to love letters.

According to a report by Agence France Press (AFP), the 61-year-old man sits every day in the same place since 1985, in a crowded street in the Bolivian capital, wearing an elegant suit and a hat, with his Brother Deluxe vintage typewriter made in 1974.

“We still type many documents including tax forms and inheritance papers using the typewriter because they are not available online,” the typist said from behind a full-face plastic mask he wears to protect himself from the covid-19 infection.

Condori, who often types administrative paperwork, and love letters in some cases, charges his clients five to seven bolivianos (about $1) per page.

The old typist still recalls when he helped a man save his marriage by writing a letter to his wife in which he said: “My love... let our years together not be in vain. Please reconsider our situation.”

“He didn’t tell his wife that it was me who wrote the letter, but he came back later to tell me that the mission was accomplished,” he explains while laughing.

Two other typists come every morning and sit behind their small portable desks on the sidewalk next to Rogelio Condori.

Condori recently set up an office complete with internet and a computer, but he much prefers his "exciting" sidewalk perch.

In Bolivia, much administrative paperwork is unavailable online and must instead be submitted in typed form. About 60 percent of Bolivians have internet access, but connections are often slow.

“Typewriters are easier to use, and they are fast,” Rogelio said.

Marisol Poma, 39, became a typist eight years ago, and has a little office near Rogelio. “When kids see the typewriter, they ask their mothers what this small, square thing is,” she said laughing. Among the typists’ clients are young men and women, elderlies, students, employees, farmers, and retirees.

"I have not had good experiences with accountants and lawyers. On top of that, they charge a lot, while typists give their advice for free, " said Lazario Cucho, a 56-year-old farmer who has used Condori's services.

For her part, Nancy Vargas, one of Rogelio’s clients, prefers the clarity of computers, but chooses the practicality of the typewriter.

Wearing a loose-fitting skirt similar to traditional Andean clothing and a hat, the 40-year-old farmer was dictating to Rogelio a correspondence she wanted to submit to the bank to request a loan.

At 3:00 pm, Condori packs his mobile desk onto a cart, which he pushes to a nearby warehouse where it will stay overnight.

“I think this typewriting thing will continue. But in case it becomes extinct, I will die happy because I accomplished my mission,” said Condori of his craft.



'Critically Endangered' African Penguins Just Want Peace and Food

African penguins are now listed as critically endangered - AFP
African penguins are now listed as critically endangered - AFP
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'Critically Endangered' African Penguins Just Want Peace and Food

African penguins are now listed as critically endangered - AFP
African penguins are now listed as critically endangered - AFP

Mashudu Mashau says it takes about two minutes to catch a penguin, a task he does weekly to investigate sightings of injured or sickly seabirds.

"We don't rush... we go down, sometimes we crawl, so that we don't look threatening, and when we're close, we aim for the head, hold it and secure the penguin," the 41-year-old ranger told AFP.

Sometimes, when penguins waddle up from South Africa's coastline onto nearby streets and hide under cars, it is more of a struggle.

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"We had one today. They're not easy to catch because they go from one side to the other side (of the car), but we got it," said Mashau, who has dedicated the past eight years to working to protect the species.

Once caught and placed with care into a cardboard box, the small feathered animals are sent to a specialist hospital for treatment.

But conservationists and veterinarians are worried their efforts aren't sufficient to stop the decline of the African Penguin, listed as critically endangered last month by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

"No matter how much we do, if there isn't a healthy environment for them, our work is in vain," said veterinarian David Roberts, who works at the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB) hospital.

Fewer than 10,000 breeding pairs are left globally, mainly in South Africa, down from 42,500 in 1991, and they could become extinct in the wild by 2035, the BirdLife NGO says.

- 'Starving' penguins -

The dwindling numbers are due to a combination of factors including a lack of food, climate change, disturbances, predators, disease, oil spills and more.

But the biggest threat is nutrition, says Allison Kock, a marine biologist with the South African National Parks.

"So many of the penguins are starving and are not getting enough food to breed successfully," she told AFP. When penguins do not eat enough, preferably sardines or anchovies, they tend to abandon breeding.

Authorities have imposed a commercial fishing ban around six penguin colonies for 10 years starting in January.

But SANCCOB and BirdLife say the no-fishing zones are not large enough to have a significant impact, and have sued the environment minister over the issue.

"Ideally we would want more fish in the ocean but we cannot control that. What we can ask for, is to limit direct competition for the remaining fish between the industrial fisheries and the penguins," SANCCOB research manager Katta Ludynia told AFP.

The South African Pelagic Fishing Industry Association says the impact of the fishing industry on penguin food sources is just a small fraction.

"There are clearly other factors that have significant negative impact on the population of the African Penguin," chairperson Mike Copeland said.

The environment ministry has proposed a discussion group "to resolve the complex issues", a spokesperson said. While a court hearing is scheduled for March 2025, the minister -- only in the post since July -- has called for an out-of-court settlement.

Apart from the no-fishing zones, many other initiatives are underway to save the African Penguin, including artificial nests and new colonies.

- Tourist traffic -

Being labelled "critically endangered" can be a double-edged sword.

While conservationists are hoping to get attention and funding, it also makes penguins even more attractive to tourists who sometimes disturb them.

"Penguins are very susceptible... and the level of disturbance, people with selfie sticks, it's becoming more and more of a challenge," Arne Purves, coastal conservation and compliance officer for Cape Town, told AFP.

"Especially as the penguins are now even more high-profile."

Tourism is a vital sector for South Africa and each year thousands of people visit the penguin colonies, bringing in millions of dollars in profit.

For those on the frontlines to save the flightless black and white birds, like Mashau, the spotlight has been a long time coming.

"In the last five years, it was the rhinos... we hope we'll get the same respect now and the same assistance," he said.

It is also about protecting the environment. "This is a species that is an indicator of a healthy ecosystem that humans are also part of... and the healthier the penguins, the more humans also benefit," he said.