Would Madinah Become Saudi Arabia’s ‘City of Lights’?

The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Photographer: Roslan Rahman/AFP/Getty Images
The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Photographer: Roslan Rahman/AFP/Getty Images
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Would Madinah Become Saudi Arabia’s ‘City of Lights’?

The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Photographer: Roslan Rahman/AFP/Getty Images
The Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Photographer: Roslan Rahman/AFP/Getty Images

Since the second half of the 19th century, Paris’ inhabitants and visitors have known it as the city of lights (La Ville Lumière). Some historians suggest the name was given to the French capital because it was a hub for culture and intellect during the Age of Enlightenment, and its early adoption of a street light system after Napoleon’s demolition of Middle Ages’ neighborhoods and routes to make a modern city with advanced lighting.

Today, one century later, would Al Madinah Al Munawwarah in Saudi Arabia become this era’s city of lights?

This question is becoming more and more valid after Al Madinah Region Development Authority (MMDA) approved an inclusive study to upgrade and renew lightning with the help of global experiences and expertise in creative lighting solutions. The study has been conducted upon the directives of Madinah Governor and MMDA Chair Prince Faisal bin Salman bin Abdulaziz.

The Start with the surrounding of The Prophet’s Mosque

The first phase of the study is supposed to target the surrounding of The Prophet’s Mosque and expand gradually to include all the vital landmarks and sites in Madinah. It aims at creating a unique identity that suits the identity of Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, as well as offering inhabitants and visitors new, inspiring visual experiences that meet the Quality of Life Programs and promote more opportunities in tourism, trade, and investment in the region.

Religious significance of Madinah

Eng. Fahad Albuliheshi, MMDA chief executive, said the foundations of the study project to renew and upgrade the lighting identity of Madinah, takes into consideration “its religious significance for Muslims, and highlights the interest the government gives to the two holy cities and mosques.”

The relative feature and unique, urban architecture of Madinah “makes it a priority to renew and upgrade the lighting in the city with development and enhancement plans that benefit from global experiences and expertise in the lighting solution sector to help improve the inhabitants’ life quality and enrich the experience of people visiting the city of the Prophet (Pbuh). These plans come as part of the programs dedicated to serving visitors and promoting the system of service and public facilities in the city,” he told Asharq Al-Awsat.

Model studies to shed light on Madinah’s landmarks

When asked about the project and its role in highlighting the city’s landmarks, Albuliheshi said that “we decided to benefit from previous expertise in architectural lighting to achieve model studies that highlight the landmarks of Madinah and improve the urban and visual landscape, enhance the major elements in the historic buildings and sites, benefit from visual effects to enhance serenity and inner peace for visitors in the pedestrian lanes, limit the annoying impact of random lighting, in addition to all the social benefits that modern lighting could bring to the city.”

Lightning quality that “boost environmental sustainability”

Because unique models require critical efforts that focus on results and enhance sustainability, MMDA chief executive assured that “the initiative will consider the right and wise distribution of lights, and the quality of lighting that suit the consumption demands. The plan will also focus on energy consumption rationalization in a way that enhances environmental sustainability, improve the quality of lighting elements and towers for less maintenance and cost, and finally highlights the importance of the city’s landmarks and sites including those related to the Prophet and his journey.”

Life after sunset doesn’t stop

“The social and economic life becomes much better with good lighting that maintains public safety and encourages people to meet in public places and routes in a healthy way,” Howayda Al-Harithy, a Professor of Architecture and Urban Design at the Department of Architecture and Design (ArD) at the American University of Beirut (AUB) told Asharq Al-Awsat.

She said that “the first phase will be short and will focus on the central area, then, we will move to the second, larger phase.” Harithy expected the project “to be unique and pioneering in Saudi Arabia and the region,” noting that “it’s going to be an inclusive study project that benefits from high-end technologies and represents a new model for all the Saudi regions and cities.”

As an engineer and architect, Harithy stressed that lighting plays a major role in building and empowering the spatial memory, mainly in cities, and called for benefitting from “advanced technology whether alternative energy resources or smart lighting systems that control the power and colors of the light as well as energy distribution.”

Befitting from global expertise

Professor Howayda Al-Harithy revealed that the MMDA has been assessing lighting models from several countries and cities around the world, and has contacted MIT Professor Carlo Ratti specializing in city lighting and manager of many successful projects in Italy and the United States to benefit from his large expertise in this field and his MIT-based lab in Cambridge.

It’s worth mentioning that the Madinah Regional Municipality had already renewed the lighting systems several times in the city of 1.2 million inhabitants, by restoring lights on streets and neighborhoods using LED technology in order to rationalize electric consumption, avoid carbon emissions, and unify visual identity.



Europe’s Hera Spacecraft Begins Close Inspections of an Asteroid Rammed by NASA in a 2022 Test

This undated image provided by the European Space Agency on Nov. 5, 2026 and taken by the Hera spacecraft, shows asteroid Didymos. (European Space Agency via AP)
This undated image provided by the European Space Agency on Nov. 5, 2026 and taken by the Hera spacecraft, shows asteroid Didymos. (European Space Agency via AP)
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Europe’s Hera Spacecraft Begins Close Inspections of an Asteroid Rammed by NASA in a 2022 Test

This undated image provided by the European Space Agency on Nov. 5, 2026 and taken by the Hera spacecraft, shows asteroid Didymos. (European Space Agency via AP)
This undated image provided by the European Space Agency on Nov. 5, 2026 and taken by the Hera spacecraft, shows asteroid Didymos. (European Space Agency via AP)

A European spacecraft has begun close inspections of an asteroid rammed by NASA four years ago in a planetary defense test.

The European Space Agency announced Wednesday that the Hera spacecraft is now studying Didymos and its moonlet Dimorphos from just 15 miles to 18 miles (25 kilometers to 30 kilometers) away, The AP news reported.

NASA’s Dart spacecraft deliberately slammed into little Dimorphos in 2022 to see whether such a defensive move might help save Earth from a killer space rock one day.

The impact shortened the moonlet’s orbit around Didymos. More importantly, it nudged the moonlet into a slightly different path around the sun.

Next month, the small car-sized Hera, launched in 2024, will venture even closer — just 12 miles (20 kilometers) away.

ESA officials consider this a “crash site investigation” worthy of its finest robotic detective. Hera is carrying 25 science instruments as well as a pair of shoebox-sized Cubesats to survey Dimorphos even more closely and attempt to land on it.

The Dart spacecraft — short for Double Asteroid Redirection Test — sent rubble and even boulders flying off Dimorphos, providing an extra kick to the impact’s momentum. The debris trail extended thousands of miles (more than 10,000 kilometers) into space for months.

Some of that debris could still be in the vicinity, according to scientists.

Dimorphos is an estimated 500 feet (151 meters) in diameter. Didymos is roughly 2,560 feet (780 meters) in diameter.


Euclid Mission Data Release Spans More than 900 Million Galaxies

Looking across vast distances means peering into the past because of the time needed for light from distant objects to reach us (Reuters)
Looking across vast distances means peering into the past because of the time needed for light from distant objects to reach us (Reuters)
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Euclid Mission Data Release Spans More than 900 Million Galaxies

Looking across vast distances means peering into the past because of the time needed for light from distant objects to reach us (Reuters)
Looking across vast distances means peering into the past because of the time needed for light from distant objects to reach us (Reuters)

The European Space Agency has released its first big collection of data from the orbiting Euclid telescope's mission to map the universe's large-scale structure, including observations of more than 900 million galaxies, as scientists investigate the puzzling cosmic components dark matter and dark energy.

The data unveiled on Thursday covered a survey of the sky equal to about 9,500 times the size of the moon as viewed from Earth. The mission's goal is to complete the largest-ever three-dimensional atlas of the cosmos, spanning more than a third of the sky, in 2031.

Thursday's release encompassed around 13 months of Euclid observations, totaling an enormous 1.7 petabytes — 1.7 million gigabytes — of data, Reuters reported.

"It marks a major milestone for ESA's Euclid mission and for everyone involved," said astrophysicist Valeria Pettorino, ESA's Euclid project scientist.

Euclid, launched from Florida in 2023, is gathering data on how the universe has expanded and how its structure has formed over time while amassing information about the nature of dark energy and dark matter and the role of gravity on large scales.

"Euclid will not just take images of galaxies in the sky, in two dimensions, but will also measure their distance, the third dimension. This will tell us where galaxies are in space and time, across 10 billion years, and in all directions beyond our galactic plane," Pettorino said.

"Galaxies cluster along filaments, surrounded by empty space, and form a network that we call the cosmic web. Euclid will reconstruct the cosmic web and how it has grown over time. This is important because the exact configuration of the cosmic web, how many clusters or voids are there, how fast it changed, depend on the properties of dark energy and dark matter," Pettorino said.

The universe's contents include ordinary matter as well as dark matter and dark energy.

Ordinary matter — stars, planets, gas, dust and all the familiar stuff on Earth — represents about 5% of the contents. Dark matter, known from the gravitational effects it exerts on galactic scales, is invisible material that may make up about 27% of the cosmos. Dark energy, thought to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe, may account for 68%.

Dark matter and dark energy do not emit or absorb light and cannot be directly observed.

Previous Euclid data releases covered only a few days of observations. The newly released dataset includes more than a year of data and still spans only 14% of the total sky area Euclid is due to survey in visible and near-infrared light over six years. This data release will be completed next year with the first results on dark energy and dark matter.

GRAVITATIONAL LENSING

Light traveling toward Earth from faraway galaxies can be bent and distorted by normal matter and dark matter in the foreground, an effect called gravitational lensing. Thus, the nearer galaxy's gravity warps the light coming from the one behind.

Gravitational lensing is one of the tools being used to study dark matter's distribution. The new Euclid data includes about 15,000 strong gravitational lens candidates, exceeding the total number discovered in the previous half century.

"Gravitational lenses are nature's own weighing scales," said Natalie Lines, a doctoral student in astrophysics at the University of Portsmouth in England and a member of the Euclid Consortium of scientists.

"How strongly the light is bent tells us how much matter a galaxy contains, including invisible components like dark matter. With thousands of lenses, we can study how dark matter is spread through galaxies and understand how galaxies form and evolve over cosmic time," Lines said.

Lines noted the sharpness of the Euclid images over a huge area of the cosmos.

"Telescopes on Earth can cover large areas of the night sky, but their view is blurred by the atmosphere. The Hubble and James Webb space telescopes take beautifully sharp images, but only of tiny patches of sky. Euclid does both at once, and that is crucial for finding things that are small and rare, like strong gravitational lenses," Lines said.

Looking across vast distances means peering into the past because of the time needed for light from distant objects to reach us. The most distant objects Euclid has viewed are quasars, the brilliant cores of galaxies powered by supermassive black holes. The telescope has pinpointed 60 million of them.

"Euclid has found some dating back to when the universe was just 5% of its current age, so their light set off around 13 billion years ago," Lines said.


Saudi Reef: Coffee Production Reaches 7,400 Tons in 2026

The program also provides specialized training in organic farming, pest control, modern irrigation, and coffee cultivation - SPA
The program also provides specialized training in organic farming, pest control, modern irrigation, and coffee cultivation - SPA
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Saudi Reef: Coffee Production Reaches 7,400 Tons in 2026

The program also provides specialized training in organic farming, pest control, modern irrigation, and coffee cultivation - SPA
The program also provides specialized training in organic farming, pest control, modern irrigation, and coffee cultivation - SPA

The Sustainable Agricultural Rural Development Program (Saudi Reef) reported that Saudi coffee production rose from 800 tons annually in 2020 to approximately 7,400 tons in 2026, an increase of more than 825%, supporting Saudi Vision 2030 objectives.

Saudi Reef spokesperson Majed Al-Buraikan said the number of beneficiaries in the coffee sector exceeded 6,200 in 2026, up 207% from 2021, while total support surpassed SAR 185 million, SPA reported.

The funding supports small-scale producers, agricultural investment, and coffee value chains.

Al-Buraikan said approximately 4.4 million coffee seedlings are expected to raise production to more than 20,000 tons at full capacity.

The program also provides specialized training in organic farming, pest control, modern irrigation, and coffee cultivation.

Development efforts included producing 1,000 improved cuttings to enhance varieties and productivity, agricultural projects involving 8,000 coffee seedlings, and cultivation trials at 12 sites to expand cultivation and improve yields, quality, and sustainability.

The program’s 2026 targets included increasing annual production to 7,000 tons and raising self-sufficiency from 0.5% to 4.4%. Actual production exceeded the target, reaching 7,400 tons.