On Anniversary of his Death, Gaddafi’s Secret Burial Site Continues to Spark Debate

Late Libyan leader Moammar al-Gaddafi. (Reuters)
Late Libyan leader Moammar al-Gaddafi. (Reuters)
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On Anniversary of his Death, Gaddafi’s Secret Burial Site Continues to Spark Debate

Late Libyan leader Moammar al-Gaddafi. (Reuters)
Late Libyan leader Moammar al-Gaddafi. (Reuters)

The anniversary of the killing of Libyan leader Moammar al-Gaddafi has stirred debate about the location of his “secret” burial.

The longtime ruler and his son Mutassim Billah were killed on October 20, 2011 shortly after the fall of the central city of Sirte in the hands of the “February revolutionaries”.

Gaddafi’s 42-year rule remains a heated topic in Libya that has been engulfed in turmoil since the 2011 revolt that led to his killing. The current upheaval has led to a form of yearning to Gaddafi’s rule, from his supporters and critics alike, even though he is remembered as a “dictator”. The people often blame the NATO-backed uprising for ruining their country and destroying its infrastructure.

A senior member of the Gaddafa tribe told Asharq Al-Awsat that Libya is embroiled in a deep struggle for power.

“Everyone is seeking their interest, not that of the people,” he added.

“These are the same powers that in the past accused Gaddafi of hoarding power and seeking to pass it on to his sons,” he remarked.

Eleven years since his death, Libyans, especially residents of the South continue to express sorrow over his passing. Many have demanded that the location of his burial be uncovered, while others said it was best that it remained concealed to avoid “strife between his opponents and supporters.”

After Gaddafi and his son were killed, locals from the western city of Misrata transferred their corpses to the city before burying them in an undisclosed location. Since then, supporters of the former regime have been demanding that the site be revealed, but to no avail.

Dr. Mustafa Fetouri, a Libyan academic and journalist, said Gaddafi’s ouster nearly turned Libya into a failed state if it weren’t for its oil wealth.

His death left a bitter taste among the people, he added to Asharq Al-Awsat, describing Gaddafi’s death as a “major catastrophe that still looms large over the country and its people.”

“The greatest crime is the failure to reveal his burial site because those who assassinated and buried him are aware of the extent of his popularity. They have kept the location secret so that it does not turn to a shrine for Libyans and others,” he noted.

Fetouri added that “history will do justice to Gaddafi, just as many Libyans now do when they yearn for his rule when their country was secure and respected.”

“The Libyans long for him given their ongoing suffering these days,” he stated, noting that the people were better off before 2011, while now, many have been plunged in poverty and are now at the mercy of militias.



What Happens When Russian Gas to Europe Via Ukraine Stops?

A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
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What Happens When Russian Gas to Europe Via Ukraine Stops?

A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo
A view shows a board with the logo of Russian gas producer Gazprom at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 5, 2024. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov/File Photo

Austria's energy company OMV was informed by Gazprom that the Russian gas producer would halt deliveries of natural gas via Ukraine to OMV from 0500 GMT on Nov. 16 following OMV winning an arbitration case. Supplies of Russian gas to Europe via Ukraine may completely stop from Jan. 1 2025 after the current five-year deal expires as Kyiv has refused to negotiate the new terms of the transit with Moscow during the war.
Here is what happens if Russian gas transit via Ukraine is completely turned off and who will be affected most, according to Reuters.
HOW BIG ARE THE VOLUMES?
Russian gas supplies to Europe via Ukraine are relatively small. Russia shipped about 15 billion cubic meters (bcm) of gas via Ukraine in 2023 - only 8% of peak Russian gas flows to Europe via various routes in 2018-2019.
Russia spent half a century building its European gas market share, which at its peak stood at 35%.
Moscow lost its share to rivals such as Norway, the United States and Qatar since the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, prompting the EU to cut its dependence on Russian gas.
EU gas prices rallied in 2022 to record highs after the loss of Russian supplies. The rally won't be repeated given modest volumes and a small number of customers for the remaining volumes, according to EU officials and traders.
UKRAINIAN ROUTE
The Soviet-era Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod pipeline brings gas from Siberia via the town of Sudzha - now under control of Ukrainian military forces - in Russia's Kursk region. It then flows through Ukraine to Slovakia.
In Slovakia, the gas pipeline splits into branches going to the Czech Republic and Austria.
Austria still receives most of its gas via Ukraine, while Russia accounts for around two-thirds of Hungary's gas imports.
Slovakia takes around 3 bcm from energy giant Gazprom per year, also about two-thirds of its needs.
Czech Republic almost completely cut gas imports from the east last year, but has started taking gas from Russia in 2024.
Most other Russian gas routes to Europe are shut including Yamal-Europe via Belarus and Nord Stream under the Baltic.
The only other operational Russian gas pipeline route to Europe is the Blue Stream and TurkStream to Türkiye under the Black Sea. Türkiye sends some Russian gas volumes onward to Europe including to Hungary.
WHY DOES THE UKRAINIAN ROUTE STILL WORK?
While remaining Russian gas transit volumes are small, the issue remains a dilemma for the EU. Many EU members such as France and Germany have said they would not buy Russian gas anymore but the stance of Slovakia, Hungary and Austria, which have closer ties to Moscow, challenges the EU common approach.
The countries, who still receive Russian gas, argue it is the most economic fuel and also blame neighboring EU countries for imposing high transit fees for alternative supplies.
Ukraine still earns $0.8-$1 billion in transit fees from Russian gas transit. Russia earns over $3 billion on sales via Ukraine based on an average gas price of $200 per 1,000 cubic meters, according to Reuters calculations.
Russia's gas pipeline export monopoly Gazprom plunged to a net loss of $7 billion in 2023, its first annual loss since 1999, because of the loss EU's gas markets.
Russia has said it would be ready to extend the transit deal but Kyiv has repeatedly said it won't do it.
Another option is for Gazprom to supply some of the gas via another route, for example via TurkStream, Bulgaria, Serbia or Hungary. However, capacity via these routes is limited.
The EU and Ukraine have also asked Azerbaijan to facilitate discussions with Russia regarding the gas transit deal, an Azeri presidential advisor told Reuters, who declined to give further details.