Sharjah Book Fair: Arab, Foreign Publishers Gather to 'Spread the Word'

Sharjah ruler Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammad al-Qassimi at the
American University of Sharjah (AFP)
Sharjah ruler Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammad al-Qassimi at the American University of Sharjah (AFP)
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Sharjah Book Fair: Arab, Foreign Publishers Gather to 'Spread the Word'

Sharjah ruler Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammad al-Qassimi at the
American University of Sharjah (AFP)
Sharjah ruler Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammad al-Qassimi at the American University of Sharjah (AFP)

As the Arab League Summit started and ended in Algeria earlier this week, Sheikh Sultan Al-Qasimi, ruler of Sharjah, has launched the 41st edition of the largest book fair in the world at Expo Center Sharjah, few meters from the first elementary school established in 1961, in the Kalba region. The school was named after the Algerian resistance symbol, Djamila Bouhired, who fought against the French colonization of her country.

The Sharjah International Book Fair (SIBF) has returned after the two-year pandemic, in full capacity under the theme “Spread the Word”, hosting 2,213 publishers from 95 countries, including 1,298 Arab and 915 foreign publishers.

This year’s edition of SIBF has seen a remarkable participation from Syria. Most Syrian publishers have attended the event, which according to one publisher, is an opportunity and a window to engage with the Arab region and the world, amidst the awful war and internal conflicts their country has seen in the past 10 year. The publisher believes that Syrians have always been among the best actors in the Arabic and cultural field.

SIBF has launched 36 new volumes of the Historical Corpus of the Arabic Language, which document nine Arabic letters. As described by the Ruler of Sharjah, this corpus is not like other dictionaries that explain and define the meanings of Arabic words, but a “record of this nation, its history, poetry, anecdotes, and proverbs, starting with the old, historic inscriptions, to all the Arabic historic phases, and the modern era.”

“The Sharjah International Book Fair has a history that spans 40 over years, during which it has accomplished myriads of achievements,” said Ahmed bin Rakkad Al Ameri, the chairman of Sharjah Book Authority (SBA).

“Publishing is like no other industry. It’s based on continuous connections and regular meetings that contribute to establishing sturdy bridges,” he added, noting that the emirate hosted 1,041 publisher and literary agents in the Publishers Conference.

SIBF also hosts 150 esteemed Arab and foreign writers, intellectuals, innovators from 15 countries who will partake in 1,500 diverse events and panels, including 200 cultural activities, workshops, and speeches that highlight their creative experiences in all kinds of writing.

The fair has also dedicated a section for rare Arabic and Islamic manuscripts dating to hundreds of years, including some from the 7th century of Hijra, in collaboration with Italy’s Catholic University of the Sacred Heart and Biblioteca Ambrosiana, in line with hosting Italy as SIBF’s guest of honor this year.

Some of the published manuscripts feature verses from the Holy Quran that were copied during the 15th and 16th centuries AD, some are engraved and gilded, while others have more simple designs. Among the manuscripts is also a 17th century cosmology manuscript titled ‘Miracles of Existence’.

Another work on display is part of Firuzabadi’s Al Qamus Al Muhit — one of the most acclaimed Arabic dictionaries from 828 of Hijra. A 13th century manuscript by Makki bin Abi Talib Al Quaisi on the sciences of the Quran titled “Uncovering the Faces of the Seven Readings” from 678 of Hijra, which is the oldest manuscript at the exhibition.



Study Documents Extinction Threats to World's Freshwater Species

African tiger fish (Hydrocynus vittatus) swim in the Okavango river, Botswana in this undated handout picture. Michel Roggo/Handout via REUTERS/File Photo
African tiger fish (Hydrocynus vittatus) swim in the Okavango river, Botswana in this undated handout picture. Michel Roggo/Handout via REUTERS/File Photo
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Study Documents Extinction Threats to World's Freshwater Species

African tiger fish (Hydrocynus vittatus) swim in the Okavango river, Botswana in this undated handout picture. Michel Roggo/Handout via REUTERS/File Photo
African tiger fish (Hydrocynus vittatus) swim in the Okavango river, Botswana in this undated handout picture. Michel Roggo/Handout via REUTERS/File Photo

Freshwater environments cover about 1% of Earth's surface while accounting for more than 10% of known species. Like many marine and terrestrial ecosystems, however, they are in distress. A new study looking at some of the denizens of freshwater habitats offers a stark illustration of this biodiversity predicament.

Researchers assessed the status of 23,496 species of freshwater animals in groups including fishes, crustaceans such as crabs, crayfish and shrimp and insects such as dragonflies and damselflies, finding 24% of them at a high risk of extinction, Reuters reported.

"Prevalent threats include pollution, dams and water extraction, agriculture and invasive species, with overharvesting also driving extinctions," said conservationist Catherine Sayer, lead author of the study published on Wednesday in the journal Nature.

Sayer heads the freshwater biodiversity unit at the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the organization that tracks the status of species globally.

Some of the freshwater species deemed at high risk bear exotic names such as the mini blue bee shrimp of Sulawesi, the Seychelles duskhawker dragonfly, the Atlantic helicopter damselfly of Brazil, the daisy burrowing crayfish of Arkansas and fishes such as the shortnose sucker of Oregon and California and the humpbacked mahseer of India.

The study filled a gap in data on freshwater biodiversity. The studied species were selected because their diverse positions within food webs present a holistic view of the health of freshwater ecosystems globally.

These species inhabit inland wetlands such as lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes and peatlands - areas that the researchers said have been reduced by more than a third since 1970. Other research has documented the status of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians that share these freshwater ecosystems and often face their own unique threats.

Of the animal groups investigated in the new study, the highest threat levels were documented in the crustaceans (30% threatened) followed by the fishes (26%) and the dragonflies and damselflies (16%).

"Freshwater ecosystems are ecologically important because of the diversity of species they support. Some of them may have high numbers of species that are restricted just to those systems - a single lake or pool or river," said Northern Arizona University freshwater conservationist Ian Harrison, a member of the IUCN Species Survival Commission and a study co-author.

"They are also important in terms of the ecosystem services they supply: carbon sequestration in terms of peat bogs; food in terms of fisheries; medicines from plants; as well as cultural and aesthetic values. Freshwater reeds are used for building houses in some areas. Freshwater ecosystems contribute $50 trillion in value annually by their provision of natural processes supporting human well-being," Harrison said.

The researchers identified four places globally with the largest number of threatened freshwater species: Lake Victoria in Africa, Lake Titicaca in South America and regions in western India and Sri Lanka.

Lake Victoria, the world's second-largest freshwater lake by surface area, is bordered by Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The key threats identified to species were pollution, overfishing, agriculture and invasive species, particularly the Nile perch and water hyacinth. Lake Titicaca is situated on the border between Peru and Bolivia in the Andes. It was found to face a similar cadre of threats as Lake Victoria. Both lakes boast a rich diversity of fishes.

"There is an urgent need to focus on freshwater conservation to halt the decline in species, and this can be achieved through a more integrated management of water resources that can include the maintenance of ecosystem functions within the process of addressing the obviously important human needs for water," Harrison said.

"The particular value of this study is that it shows us which river basins, lakes, et cetera, are the ones where the conservation challenges are most urgent and serious," Harrison added. "And we can compare this to what we know about existing protections, and identify where there are gaps and where there are conservation needs. And it acts as a baseline of information from which we can track progress, to see if our actions are reducing threats."