Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership Stresses Security, Sovereignty of Iraq

20 December 2022, Jordan, Sweimeh: Leaders pose for the family photo during the Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Sweimeh by the Dead Sea shore in central-west Jordan. (Petra/dpa)
20 December 2022, Jordan, Sweimeh: Leaders pose for the family photo during the Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Sweimeh by the Dead Sea shore in central-west Jordan. (Petra/dpa)
TT

Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership Stresses Security, Sovereignty of Iraq

20 December 2022, Jordan, Sweimeh: Leaders pose for the family photo during the Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Sweimeh by the Dead Sea shore in central-west Jordan. (Petra/dpa)
20 December 2022, Jordan, Sweimeh: Leaders pose for the family photo during the Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Sweimeh by the Dead Sea shore in central-west Jordan. (Petra/dpa)

The second Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership stressed on Tuesday support to Iraq as its confronts all challenges, including terrorism.

The conference was held at the Dead Sea, Jordan. Hosted by King Abdullah II, it brought together leaders from across the region, as well as officials from Europe, Türkiye and Iran.

The closing statement highlighted Iraq’s historic victory and sacrifices in its fight against terrorism that was waged with international and regional support.

The participants said they will continue to build on the outcomes of the first Baghdad conference and forge ahead in cooperating with Iraq to support its security, stability and sovereignty, democratic path, constitutional process and efforts to consolidate dialogue as a means to resolve regional disputes.

They underscored support to Iraq’s efforts in consolidating the state of law and constitution and building institutions that are capable of reconstructing the country and meeting the aspirations of its people.

They highlighted the importance of the tripartite cooperation mechanism between Jordan, Egypt and Iraq and the economic projects they agreed upon. They stressed the importance of cooperation projects between the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Iraq, most notably in electricity and transportation.

The participants said achieving economic development and ensuring the success of regional cooperation projects demand constructive regional relations that are based on good neighborliness, refraining from meddling in the affairs of others, respecting international law and the adoption of dialogue to resolve disputes.

They stressed the need for cooperation to cement security and stability and fight terrorism.

The participants reviewed the impact regional and international crises are having on Iraq and the region. Overcoming them demands comprehensive regional cooperation and serious economic and political approaches that reflect common interests and back the development process in Iraq and the region, they said.

King Abdullah II

Jordan’s King Abdullah underlined Iraq’s pivotal role in the region and the need to bring together points of view to bolster regional cooperation.

He stated that the very holding of the conference underscores the determination of all parties in working with the Iraqi government and people so that they can achieve more prosperity.

He noted that the conference was being held at a time when the region was enduring security and political crises and food, water, climate, and energy and health challenges.

King Abdullah said Jordan believes that the region needs stability, just and comprehensive peace and regional cooperation, especially in economic and development fields.

Sudani

Iraqi Prime Minister Mohamed Shia al-Sudani stressed that his country will not be used as a platform to threaten countries in the region.

Iraq is distancing itself from axis and calls for escalation, he added.

He also called on Türkiye and Iran to safeguard Iraq’s water security, noting that his country was facing an existential crisis due to water shortages.

He also called for maintaining joint work to combat extremism ideology.

Macron

French President Emmanuel Macron remarked that Jordan is playing a central role in supporting dialogue and bolstering diplomacy in the region.

The participants at the conference are seeking to consolidate security and stability in Iraq and the region, he added.

Everyone is committed to having balanced ties with Iraq, he continued. “If we want to secure the stability of Iraq, then we should resolve the problems with its neighbors,” he stressed.

The region, he said, has the potential to become an active participant in taking international decisions.

Sisi

Egyptian President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi said the situation in Iraq has witnessed a marked improvement.

He highlighted the brave sacrifices of the Iraqi people in their fight against terrorism, adding that Cairo rejects any meddling in Iraq’s internal affairs.

He reiterated Egypt’s support to all efforts aimed at ensuring security in Iraq.

Saudi FM

Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah underscored the Kingdom’s categorical rejection of any assault on Iraqi territory.

Saudi Arabia stands by Iraq in its fight against terrorism and extremism and against everyone seeking to stir divisions, he added.

It backs Iraq’s efforts to reclaim its historic standing as a land of civilization, learning and knowledge, he went on to say.

Prince Faisal said Riyadh welcomes Iraq’s reclaiming of its positive role in deepening trust, partnership and peace on the regional and international levels.

The Kingdom hails the political will in Iraq as it confronts challenges and consolidates security and stability to achieve the aspirations of the people, stressed Prince Faisal.

Saudi Arabia will not spare any effort in supporting Iraq’s economic and development ambitions out of its belief that the stability of Iraq will impact the entire region, he stated.

Iran and Türkiye

At the conclusion of Tuesday’s conference, French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna said several participants tackled the issue of foreign meddling in Iraqi affairs.

She said Iran must respect international law and the United Nations Charter on Human Rights, cease its interference in the affairs of its neighbors and release French hostages.

Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein stressed that his country wants an end to Iranian and Turkish meddling in its internal affairs. Dialogue must be held to resolve the crisis.

He refused for Iraq to be used as a platform to carry out attacks against its neighbors, which in turn, must respect Iraq’s sovereignty.

Baghdad is seeking negotiations to resolve problems, starting with the Turkish and Iranian assaults on its territories.

Egypt is set to host the third Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in 2023 with the participation of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Türkiye, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Egypt, the Arab League, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Gulf Cooperation Council, United Nations and European Union.



Asharq Al-Awsat Publishes Palestinian Factions’ Amendment to 8th Clause of Gaza Agreement

Palestinians are seen at a school sheltering displaced people in Jabalia refugee camp in northern Gaza on Tuesday. (AFP)
Palestinians are seen at a school sheltering displaced people in Jabalia refugee camp in northern Gaza on Tuesday. (AFP)
TT

Asharq Al-Awsat Publishes Palestinian Factions’ Amendment to 8th Clause of Gaza Agreement

Palestinians are seen at a school sheltering displaced people in Jabalia refugee camp in northern Gaza on Tuesday. (AFP)
Palestinians are seen at a school sheltering displaced people in Jabalia refugee camp in northern Gaza on Tuesday. (AFP)

Mediators of Gaza’s fragile ceasefire, along with Palestinian factions, are counting on US President Donald Trump’s administration to press Israel to accept the agreed wording on a 15-point roadmap received by Hamas last April.

Palestinian factions reached “close” positions with mediators from Egypt, Qatar, and Türkiye on amendments to the roadmap, focusing mainly on the disputed eighth clause on weapons in Gaza.

The amended wording of the eighth clause, seen by Asharq Al-Awsat, calls for the inventorying and storage of weapons, including infrastructure, to be carried out gradually and in stages, according to a timetable.

The process would take place in parallel with Israel’s withdrawal from the areas it controls in the Gaza Strip and the completion of the first phase of the ceasefire agreement with all its requirements.

Those include “the full implementation of the humanitarian protocol, the halt to targeted attacks, Israel’s commitment to withdrawal from the enclave, the entry of the National Committee for the Administration of Gaza and its assumption of duties, the deployment of the International Stabilization Force, and the dismantling of armed militias.”

The amendment added that implementation shall be carried out through the national committee, with the support of international forces and in cooperation with Palestinian organizations.

All of this comes within the framework of Trump’s plan and in accordance with relevant international resolutions and laws.

Indirect talks between Israel on one side and Hamas and other factions on the other have stalled over moving to new phases of the Gaza ceasefire announced last October, which Israel has repeatedly breached, killing more than 970 Palestinians since then.

The Palestinian side has insisted on implementing the requirements of the first phase, including the Israeli army’s withdrawal from the territory it occupies and the entry of aid and goods into Gaza. Tel Aviv, meanwhile, is pressing for the factions to disarm, describing this as the most prominent provision of the second phase.

Hamas delegation stays in Cairo

According to two Hamas sources and other sources from Palestinian factions involved in the Cairo meetings, the Hamas delegation was asked to stay in Cairo and await the response to the agreed wording.

Other faction delegations that had come from abroad left, while some members who had recently been based in Egypt remained.

A Hamas source said the movement’s delegation in Egypt would likely be asked to hold further consultations with the mediators on some issues that Israel, and even the Trump administration, may object to in the proposed amendments, mainly over the text rather than the substance.

According to the four sources, the mediators told the factions that took part in the meetings that they would seek agreement with the US administration and Israel on the wording reached and would brief them on developments from consultations with all parties.

Another Hamas source said Türkiye was playing “an important and major role” in persuading the US administration, while Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani was in direct contact with US envoy Steve Witkoff to push for the success of the important step that had been reached.

Nickolay Mladenov, the High Representative for Gaza at the Board of Peace, is expected to arrive in Cairo on Wednesday or Thursday.

But a source close to the Board of Peace team told Asharq Al-Awsat that Mladenov would likely begin his visit “in Israel first, to reach understandings with officials there before moving on to Cairo.”

Palestinian sources were pessimistic about Israel’s response and expected it to be “negative” toward the wording of the roadmap amendments.


Attacks on Gulf States...an Obstacle to Egypt-Iran Rapprochement

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi during his meeting with his Iranian counterpart in Cairo in December 2024 (Egyptian Presidency)
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi during his meeting with his Iranian counterpart in Cairo in December 2024 (Egyptian Presidency)
TT

Attacks on Gulf States...an Obstacle to Egypt-Iran Rapprochement

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi during his meeting with his Iranian counterpart in Cairo in December 2024 (Egyptian Presidency)
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi during his meeting with his Iranian counterpart in Cairo in December 2024 (Egyptian Presidency)

After two years of steadily improving ties that appeared to be moving toward the restoration of full diplomatic relations, Egypt and Iran now seem to be facing a major setback. Egypt views Iran's current war and the subsequent attacks it carried out against Gulf states as a violation of one of its key conditions for fully normalizing relations: that Iran must not threaten the security of the Gulf or the wider region.

In a series of official statements and comments, Egypt has strongly condemned the Iranian attacks targeting Gulf Arab states, describing them as a dangerous escalation, a blatant violation of national sovereignty, and a direct threat to regional security and stability.

In its latest position, Egypt on Wednesday condemned "in the strongest terms" what it described as Iran's attacks on Jordan, Bahrain and Kuwait, saying they constituted "a flagrant violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of these sisterly states and a highly dangerous escalation that threatens the security and stability of the entire region," according to a Foreign Ministry statement.

Egypt stressed that "the security and stability of sisterly Arab states are an integral part of Egyptian and Arab national security," reiterating its categorical rejection of any actions or practices that undermine state sovereignty or threaten territorial integrity and security. It also underscored the importance of de-escalation and respect for international law in order to preserve regional security and stability.

For its part, Iran has been seeking to restore momentum in its relationship with Egypt. On Monday, Iran's mission in Cairo announced that Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi had met in Tehran with Mojtaba Ferdowsi, head of Iran's Interests Section in Cairo, to discuss the course of bilateral relations.

According to the mission, Ferdowsi briefed Araghchi on the latest developments in relations between the two countries, as well as ongoing political contacts and cooperation in several fields.

The mission said Araghchi emphasized the importance of continuing bilateral consultations, adding that Egypt-Iran relations had made notable progress in recent years and that "continuous dialogue and consultation between Cairo and Tehran constitute an important pillar in supporting efforts for peace and stability in the Middle East."

Egyptian and Iranian presidents and their delegations on the sidelines of the BRICS summit in Russia in October 2024 (Egyptian Presidency)

Bare Minimum

Diplomatic relations between Egypt and Iran were severed in 1979 before being resumed 11 years later at the chargé d'affaires level.

Over the past two years, Egyptian and Iranian officials have held a series of meetings to discuss the possibility of developing relations further. Progress gained momentum in May 2023 following a presidential directive in Iran instructing the Foreign Ministry to take the necessary steps to strengthen relations with Egypt.

The period also saw meetings between the two countries' foreign ministers, as well as encounters between Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and both Iran's late president Ebrahim Raisi and current President Masoud Pezeshkian.

Asked about the prospects for advancing bilateral ties under current circumstances, former Egyptian Foreign Minister Mohamed El-Orabi said there was little room at present to speak of further development in Egypt-Iran relations.

"The region is experiencing turmoil that requires maintaining only the minimum level of relations necessary to manage the situation, reduce tensions and prevent further escalation," he told Asharq Al-Awsat.

He added: "The situation is not as dynamic as Tehran portrays it. There are certainly contacts and consultations, but they are aimed at addressing concerns that could further destabilize the region, not at deepening relations. Egypt rejects Iran's attacks on Gulf states and has strongly condemned them. That message has reached Iran, which is now trying to restore the level of rapprochement that existed before the current war."

File: The Egyptian Foreign Minister and his Iranian counterpart in Cairo (Egyptian Foreign Ministry)

Tarek Fahmy, professor of political science and international relations at Cairo University, said Egypt had approached Iran cautiously even before the war because of a longstanding lack of trust.

"Even when Iran responded by changing the name of Islambouli Street, named after the assassin of President Anwar Sadat, Egyptian officials stressed that this was not the basis of Egypt's demands for restoring relations with Iran," Fahmy said.

"There were broader political and security requirements related to regional security, foremost among them the security of the Gulf states and non-interference in Arab affairs."

He added that despite Iranian assurances intended to demonstrate goodwill and meet Egypt's requirements, which helped advance relations to some extent, Iran's current war and the subsequent attacks directed at Gulf states prompted Egypt to stand firmly behind Gulf security.

The Message Was Received

During two phone calls with the Iranian president in March and May, Sisi stressed Egypt's categorical rejection of any violation of Gulf states' sovereignty.

"The message has reached Iran, and Tehran has taken notice of it," Fahmy said. "It is now working to address the issue in an effort to restore the trajectory of relations with Cairo."

According to Fahmy, Iran wants Egypt to be one of the principal parties involved in any current or future negotiations with the United States, Israel or the International Atomic Energy Agency because of Egypt's credibility and its ability to maintain channels of communication with all sides.

"Tehran understands that its negotiations cannot rely on Pakistan alone," he said, adding that Iran also views Egypt as a key stabilizing force for regional security and stability.

Nevertheless, Fahmy does not expect Cairo to restore full diplomatic relations with Tehran unless Iran fulfills Egypt's conditions and requirements.

"Egypt will not take that step unless stability and balance are restored in the Gulf and the region as a whole," he said.


UN Rights Chief Sending Lebanon Mission to Collect Evidence on Abuses since War Erupted

A French peacekeeper with the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) stands on a hill overlooking Kfarkela, a Lebanese border village near Israel in southern Lebanon, on August 20, 2025. (AP)
A French peacekeeper with the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) stands on a hill overlooking Kfarkela, a Lebanese border village near Israel in southern Lebanon, on August 20, 2025. (AP)
TT

UN Rights Chief Sending Lebanon Mission to Collect Evidence on Abuses since War Erupted

A French peacekeeper with the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) stands on a hill overlooking Kfarkela, a Lebanese border village near Israel in southern Lebanon, on August 20, 2025. (AP)
A French peacekeeper with the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) stands on a hill overlooking Kfarkela, a Lebanese border village near Israel in southern Lebanon, on August 20, 2025. (AP)

The UN rights chief said Wednesday he would send a mission to Lebanon to collect evidence on alleged rights abuses since the war began between Hezbollah and Israel.

"I have agreed with the government of Lebanon to conduct an impartial and independent assessment mission in the country," Volker Turk told journalists.

"I will soon be deploying a team to collect information and evidence on alleged violations and abuses of international human rights law, and violations of international humanitarian law and related law committed by the parties to the armed conflict in the country since March 2."