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Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership Stresses Security, Sovereignty of Iraq

20 December 2022, Jordan, Sweimeh: Leaders pose for the family photo during the Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Sweimeh by the Dead Sea shore in central-west Jordan. (Petra/dpa)
20 December 2022, Jordan, Sweimeh: Leaders pose for the family photo during the Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Sweimeh by the Dead Sea shore in central-west Jordan. (Petra/dpa)
    Dead Sea (Jordan) - Mohammed Khair al-Rawashdeh
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Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership Stresses Security, Sovereignty of Iraq

20 December 2022, Jordan, Sweimeh: Leaders pose for the family photo during the Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Sweimeh by the Dead Sea shore in central-west Jordan. (Petra/dpa)
20 December 2022, Jordan, Sweimeh: Leaders pose for the family photo during the Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in Sweimeh by the Dead Sea shore in central-west Jordan. (Petra/dpa)

The second Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership stressed on Tuesday support to Iraq as its confronts all challenges, including terrorism.

The conference was held at the Dead Sea, Jordan. Hosted by King Abdullah II, it brought together leaders from across the region, as well as officials from Europe, Türkiye and Iran.

The closing statement highlighted Iraq’s historic victory and sacrifices in its fight against terrorism that was waged with international and regional support.

The participants said they will continue to build on the outcomes of the first Baghdad conference and forge ahead in cooperating with Iraq to support its security, stability and sovereignty, democratic path, constitutional process and efforts to consolidate dialogue as a means to resolve regional disputes.

They underscored support to Iraq’s efforts in consolidating the state of law and constitution and building institutions that are capable of reconstructing the country and meeting the aspirations of its people.

They highlighted the importance of the tripartite cooperation mechanism between Jordan, Egypt and Iraq and the economic projects they agreed upon. They stressed the importance of cooperation projects between the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Iraq, most notably in electricity and transportation.

The participants said achieving economic development and ensuring the success of regional cooperation projects demand constructive regional relations that are based on good neighborliness, refraining from meddling in the affairs of others, respecting international law and the adoption of dialogue to resolve disputes.

They stressed the need for cooperation to cement security and stability and fight terrorism.

The participants reviewed the impact regional and international crises are having on Iraq and the region. Overcoming them demands comprehensive regional cooperation and serious economic and political approaches that reflect common interests and back the development process in Iraq and the region, they said.

King Abdullah II

Jordan’s King Abdullah underlined Iraq’s pivotal role in the region and the need to bring together points of view to bolster regional cooperation.

He stated that the very holding of the conference underscores the determination of all parties in working with the Iraqi government and people so that they can achieve more prosperity.

He noted that the conference was being held at a time when the region was enduring security and political crises and food, water, climate, and energy and health challenges.

King Abdullah said Jordan believes that the region needs stability, just and comprehensive peace and regional cooperation, especially in economic and development fields.

Sudani

Iraqi Prime Minister Mohamed Shia al-Sudani stressed that his country will not be used as a platform to threaten countries in the region.

Iraq is distancing itself from axis and calls for escalation, he added.

He also called on Türkiye and Iran to safeguard Iraq’s water security, noting that his country was facing an existential crisis due to water shortages.

He also called for maintaining joint work to combat extremism ideology.

Macron

French President Emmanuel Macron remarked that Jordan is playing a central role in supporting dialogue and bolstering diplomacy in the region.

The participants at the conference are seeking to consolidate security and stability in Iraq and the region, he added.

Everyone is committed to having balanced ties with Iraq, he continued. “If we want to secure the stability of Iraq, then we should resolve the problems with its neighbors,” he stressed.

The region, he said, has the potential to become an active participant in taking international decisions.

Sisi

Egyptian President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi said the situation in Iraq has witnessed a marked improvement.

He highlighted the brave sacrifices of the Iraqi people in their fight against terrorism, adding that Cairo rejects any meddling in Iraq’s internal affairs.

He reiterated Egypt’s support to all efforts aimed at ensuring security in Iraq.

Saudi FM

Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah underscored the Kingdom’s categorical rejection of any assault on Iraqi territory.

Saudi Arabia stands by Iraq in its fight against terrorism and extremism and against everyone seeking to stir divisions, he added.

It backs Iraq’s efforts to reclaim its historic standing as a land of civilization, learning and knowledge, he went on to say.

Prince Faisal said Riyadh welcomes Iraq’s reclaiming of its positive role in deepening trust, partnership and peace on the regional and international levels.

The Kingdom hails the political will in Iraq as it confronts challenges and consolidates security and stability to achieve the aspirations of the people, stressed Prince Faisal.

Saudi Arabia will not spare any effort in supporting Iraq’s economic and development ambitions out of its belief that the stability of Iraq will impact the entire region, he stated.

Iran and Türkiye

At the conclusion of Tuesday’s conference, French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna said several participants tackled the issue of foreign meddling in Iraqi affairs.

She said Iran must respect international law and the United Nations Charter on Human Rights, cease its interference in the affairs of its neighbors and release French hostages.

Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein stressed that his country wants an end to Iranian and Turkish meddling in its internal affairs. Dialogue must be held to resolve the crisis.

He refused for Iraq to be used as a platform to carry out attacks against its neighbors, which in turn, must respect Iraq’s sovereignty.

Baghdad is seeking negotiations to resolve problems, starting with the Turkish and Iranian assaults on its territories.

Egypt is set to host the third Baghdad Conference for Cooperation and Partnership in 2023 with the participation of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Türkiye, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Egypt, the Arab League, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Gulf Cooperation Council, United Nations and European Union.

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Arab World

Ghalibaf Urges Baghdad to Break Economic Dependence on Washington

Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Baqer Ghalibaf (R) attends a ceremony marking 40 days since the burial of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in Karbala, central Iraq, Aug. 20, 2026. (AFP)
Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Baqer Ghalibaf (R) attends a ceremony marking 40 days since the burial of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in Karbala, central Iraq, Aug. 20, 2026. (AFP)
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Ghalibaf Urges Baghdad to Break Economic Dependence on Washington

Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Baqer Ghalibaf (R) attends a ceremony marking 40 days since the burial of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in Karbala, central Iraq, Aug. 20, 2026. (AFP)
Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Baqer Ghalibaf (R) attends a ceremony marking 40 days since the burial of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in Karbala, central Iraq, Aug. 20, 2026. (AFP)

Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Ghalibaf on Friday urged Baghdad to reduce its reliance on the dollar and draw up what he called a “precise roadmap” for economic cooperation between the two countries.

Ghalibaf made the remarks during a visit to the southwestern Iraqi city of Najaf, as the region awaits what has been described as an unprecedented package of US sanctions on Iran and its trading partners.

Iran must plan to overcome what Ghalibaf called “unjust sanctions,” after US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced what he described as the toughest sanctions ever imposed on Iran, according to Reuters.

Earlier, at a consultative meeting with business figures at the Iranian embassy in Baghdad, Ghalibaf called for a “precise roadmap” for economic ties with Iraq that would include moving away from the US dollar.

He said the two countries should end their reliance on the US currency and use local currencies in trade.

“The era of US dominance over the world has ended, but we have not made proper use of the opportunities available to us, and we are still conducting trade through outdated methods,” Ghalibaf said.

Iraq relies entirely on the dollar for its oil exports, which generate more than 90% of national revenues. The proceeds are deposited in US dollars into an account held in the name of the Central Bank of Iraq at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

‘Difficult and trying circumstances’

In stark contrast, Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi sought to reassure public-sector employees and pensioners that monthly salaries and government payments were fully secured, even as he warned that Iraq was facing “difficult and trying circumstances” due to regional developments and disruptions to oil exports through the Strait of Hormuz.

Speaking at the Baghdad Dialogue conference, organized by the Iraqi Institute for Dialogue, al-Zaidi said Iraq faced major economic challenges and described the closure of the Strait of Hormuz as a key obstacle.

The strait, he said, “was not closed even during the harshest days of the blockade.”

Al-Zaidi said the government had found alternative routes for oil exports and activated border crossings to bolster trade, adding that the state had “more than one solution” to preserve economic stability and contain the fallout from the crisis.

He said Iraq was working to expand oil exports through Türkiye’s Ceyhan port, while efforts continued to develop export routes through Banias and Aqaba.

“We are working to increase Iraq’s export quota through OPEC, and we aim to reach 8 million to 10 million barrels per day within six years,” al-Zaidi said.

“Iraq fought ISIS on behalf of the region and the world, and it is only fair that it receive a crude oil export quota commensurate with the size of its population and its oil reserves.”

On the political front, al-Zaidi said political forces were in full agreement that the government should press ahead with its anti-corruption campaign.

He described “the battle against the looting of public funds” as a matter of honor for him.

The government launched an operation dubbed “Dawn Crackdown” on June 28 to combat the looting of public funds. The operation has targeted political officials, lawmakers, and businesspeople.

Arab World

State Return to South Lebanon Extends Beyond Security to Services, Recovery

Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam during a visit to the Lebanese army in southern Lebanon, Aug. 21, 2026. (National News Agency)
Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam during a visit to the Lebanese army in southern Lebanon, Aug. 21, 2026. (National News Agency)
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State Return to South Lebanon Extends Beyond Security to Services, Recovery

Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam during a visit to the Lebanese army in southern Lebanon, Aug. 21, 2026. (National News Agency)
Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam during a visit to the Lebanese army in southern Lebanon, Aug. 21, 2026. (National News Agency)

Lebanon’s push to reassert the state’s presence in the south is moving beyond security deployments to a harder test: restoring schools, services, and livelihoods in communities battered by war.

Recovery programs are beginning to take shape, but a wide funding gap threatens efforts to keep residents in their towns and revive areas where infrastructure, agriculture, and education have sustained extensive damage.

A framework for return, but funding lags

In 2026, the government launched the “National Framework for Return, Early Recovery and Restoration of Basic Services,” covering the return of residents, social protection, the restoration of services and livelihoods, and preparations for reconstruction.

No consolidated budget has been announced yet.

One of its main financing tools is the Lebanon Emergency Assistance Project (LEAP), implemented by the Council for Development and Reconstruction.

The project was designed to scale up to $1 billion. So far, only $250 million has been secured, leaving a $750 million funding gap.

Of the available financing, $50 million is earmarked for immediate response measures, including debris removal, securing buildings, and reopening roads. Another $175 million is allocated to restoring water, energy, transport, health, and education services, while $15 million is set aside for studies and designs, and $10 million for project management.

Under the full framework, $455 million is allocated for reconstruction, most of it still unfunded.

In a parallel effort, the government launched a program in May worth about 32 million euros for southern Lebanon and the Bekaa, running through 2029.

The European Union is providing 24.8 million euros, Denmark 5.35 million euros, and the French Development Agency 2 million euros. The program targets local authorities, small businesses, and the agricultural sector, while seeking to create jobs.

Lebanese ministerial sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that “the new response framework provides a basis for attracting funding, but it is still not fully financed.”

They said the Ministry of Social Affairs was “continuing to work intensively to secure additional funding to help respond to the needs of affected groups.”

A safety net for more than one million people

Social protection is a central part of efforts to keep residents in their communities and support their return.

The sources said one of the main response measures was cash assistance provided by the Ministry of Social Affairs, covering about 230,000 families through the ministry’s shock-responsive social safety net.

Based on the average household size, more than 1 million people receive support.

The assistance is particularly significant in areas where returning home still depends on families' ability to repair their homes, restore access to services, and find work.

That makes social support part of the effort to re-establish communities, rather than simply an emergency measure.

Agriculture: getting farmers back to their land

The Ministry of Agriculture has divided its response plan into five tracks: emergency support for farmers; protection of food supply chains and markets; protection of livestock production and assets; continuity of programs and services; and coordination and needs assessment.

Measures include monitoring food supply chains, accelerating imports of plant products, extending import deadlines for some essential goods, and monitoring markets and prices in coordination with the Ministry of Economy.

The plan also provides emergency assistance to farmers in high-risk areas and steps up operations at ports, border crossings, quarantine centers, and laboratories to speed the entry of goods.

The report does not set an overall budget for the agricultural response.

Instead, it says the ministry is working with partners and donors to identify priorities, assess possible interventions, and secure resources.

Resources reported by the ministry’s network of agricultural partners that are being mobilized include $1,650,150 in cash assistance targeting 4,840 farmers.

In-kind assistance is expected to reach 1,850 farmers and includes solar-powered irrigation pump kits, agricultural inputs, animal feed, treatment support, and infrastructure.

The ministry has also launched a platform with the food security sector to identify and track available resources.

Schools face a September test

Education is emerging as one of the clearest tests of whether state institutions can resume normal operations in the South and Nabatieh governorates.

Sources at the Ministry of Education and Higher Education told Asharq Al-Awsat that the ministry aims to start the 2026-2027 academic year with in-person classes at schools that meet safety and readiness requirements, starting Sept. 15.

Schools in the affected areas of the South and Nabatieh will temporarily rely on remote learning until technical and operational assessments are completed.

The scale of the challenge is substantial.

Of 267 schools in the two governorates, 198 have been damaged. Eighty-nine sustained very minor damage, 64 moderate damage, and 15 severe damage. Another 30 were completely destroyed.

The ministry is using a “school cluster” model for planning, grouping schools and alternative learning spaces within the same geographical area.

Each cluster will have a file detailing student and teacher numbers, building conditions, capacity, and the locations of displaced students.

Students whose schools cannot reopen will remain enrolled in their original schools while temporarily attending a host school or alternative learning space.

Schools being used as shelters will operate under conditions designed to ensure the safe separation of their educational and shelter functions.

The ministry is also building an operational database to track schools and students and setting up a hotline.

Each school will receive an official operational decision specifying how classes will resume.

The ministry has also expanded its use of “Teaching Hubs,” or teaching and learning centers, aimed at restoring teachers’ roles in affected areas while providing students with places to receive support and continue their education.

The sources said the objective went beyond repairing damaged buildings.

“The goal is not limited to rehabilitating damaged school buildings, but also includes preserving the school as an existing institution even if its building has been destroyed, by maintaining its administration, teachers, and students,” they said.

That, they added, would ensure that each school retains its identity and educational role until it can be rehabilitated or rebuilt.

Arab World

New US Sanctions Tighten Grip on Hezbollah, Test Lebanon

17 April 2026, Lebanon, Jiyyeh: A displaced Lebanese woman flashes the victory sign and displays Hezbollah and Iranian flags as they drive along the highway linking Beirut to southern Lebanon in the Jiyyeh area. (dpa)
17 April 2026, Lebanon, Jiyyeh: A displaced Lebanese woman flashes the victory sign and displays Hezbollah and Iranian flags as they drive along the highway linking Beirut to southern Lebanon in the Jiyyeh area. (dpa)
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New US Sanctions Tighten Grip on Hezbollah, Test Lebanon

17 April 2026, Lebanon, Jiyyeh: A displaced Lebanese woman flashes the victory sign and displays Hezbollah and Iranian flags as they drive along the highway linking Beirut to southern Lebanon in the Jiyyeh area. (dpa)
17 April 2026, Lebanon, Jiyyeh: A displaced Lebanese woman flashes the victory sign and displays Hezbollah and Iranian flags as they drive along the highway linking Beirut to southern Lebanon in the Jiyyeh area. (dpa)

New US sanctions on Hezbollah go beyond targeting money-transfer networks, signaling a broader shift in Washington’s approach to the group and its relationship with the Lebanese state.

By relisting Hezbollah on its sanctions list and targeting a network accused of moving millions of dollars to the group, Washington is stepping up pressure on Hezbollah while putting Lebanese institutions to a sensitive test: whether they can tighten oversight of money flows and transfers and meet their obligations without worsening the country’s internal crisis.

The US Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions on 10 people “that are part of a network responsible for transferring cash to Hezbollah.”

“The network utilizes couriers travelling on commercial airline flights between Lebanon, Türkiye, the UAE, and Iran to move up to hundreds of millions of dollars between jurisdictions, providing an avenue outside the formal financial system for Hezbollah to obtain foreign currency and evade sanctions,” it said.

OFAC also re-designated Hezbollah “for service to the Iranian regime under the command of Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps-Quds Force (IRGC-QF).”

Lebanese institutions under scrutiny

The US move is unlikely to stop with the targeted individuals and entities. It puts Lebanese banks, financial institutions, and regulatory bodies under closer US scrutiny, testing their ability to detect financial activity that could be linked to Hezbollah, its institutions, or its networks.

An official Lebanese source told Asharq Al-Awsat that the sanctions “pose challenges for the Lebanese state and its security, judicial and financial institutions.”

The source said the “tough US measures require tighter oversight of any assets linked to Hezbollah and its institutions, because any delay in doing so could leave the state facing consequences it can ill afford.”

OFAC said that “Hezbollah and its allies exploit financing schemes including oil smuggling, illicit shipping, commodities sales, and bulk cash smuggling to generate and move funds across the region.”

The US Treasury linked the targeted network to Behnam Shahriyari, a former Quds Force finance official, saying it was “one example of the methods used to funnel support to terrorist proxy groups throughout the region.”

Beyond Lebanese framework

But the strongest message in the sanctions, according to one Lebanese political reading, is directed at Lebanon itself.

Sami Nader, director of the Levant Institute for Strategic Affairs, said the latest measures differ from previous sanctions because Washington is “dealing with Hezbollah under a new classification that places it outside the traditional Lebanese framework and presents it as an Iranian faction and part of the broader US confrontation with Iran.”

Nader told Asharq Al-Awsat that the shift “will have repercussions inside Lebanon and for the authorities and official institutions, particularly in light of the political and even financial relationship linking the group to some Lebanese factions.”

Under the new US approach, he said, Hezbollah “is no longer viewed as a representative of the Shiite community, but as an Iranian faction occupying Lebanon.”

He said the implications could extend well beyond financial sanctions.

“Any party dealing with Hezbollah could be viewed by the United States as being involved in dealings with Iran’s Revolutionary Guards,” Nader said, adding that this could trigger “political and legal repercussions that go beyond direct financial sanctions.”

The effects of the new approach also extend into the political and diplomatic sphere, particularly Lebanese-Israeli negotiations.

Nader said tougher sanctions “could give Washington greater room to manage negotiations with Israel, allowing it to pressure Hezbollah” and “keeping the issue of ending Hezbollah’s influence part of the broader US confrontation with Iran.”

Europe’s response in focus

Attention is also turning to Europe and whether it will follow Washington’s lead.

Nader pointed to what he called “the recent hardening of the French and British positions toward Iran.”

“If the US approach extends to Europe, Lebanon could find itself entering a more complicated phase,” he said.

In that case, compliance with international sanctions would become “not merely a political choice, but an additional test of the state’s ability to protect its financial system and institutions from the repercussions of a regional and international conflict that extends beyond its borders,” he explained.

Hezbollah rejects US designation

Hezbollah rejected the US position, saying the claim that it is under the control of the Quds Force was merely a pretext for relisting it under sanctions.

The party described the move as “part of the continued policies of US administrations to target the resistance, its community, its support base and to besiege them and exert political, financial and security pressure on them.”

Hezbollah said Washington “continues to deal with Lebanon from a position of tutelage.”

It accused the US of choosing, instead of pressuring Israel to withdraw from southern Lebanon and halt its attacks, to “besiege the Lebanese and work to strip Lebanon of all sources of strength.”

On its relationship with Iran, Hezbollah said: “Our close and brotherly relationship with Iran is one we cherish and take pride in.”

But it stressed that it “does not await anyone’s certification of its Lebanese identity or patriotism.”

The party said sanctions and designations “will not deter us from adhering to the option of resistance and to the right of Lebanon and the Lebanese people to defend their land, sovereignty, and resources.”