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Yemeni Commission Documents over 3,411 Rights Violations in 2022

A member of a Yemeni mine disposal team works during an awareness campaign against the dangers of landmines and explosives, in the Khokha district of the Hodeidah province of Yemen, on December 21, 2022. (AFP)
A member of a Yemeni mine disposal team works during an awareness campaign against the dangers of landmines and explosives, in the Khokha district of the Hodeidah province of Yemen, on December 21, 2022. (AFP)
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Yemeni Commission Documents over 3,411 Rights Violations in 2022

A member of a Yemeni mine disposal team works during an awareness campaign against the dangers of landmines and explosives, in the Khokha district of the Hodeidah province of Yemen, on December 21, 2022. (AFP)
A member of a Yemeni mine disposal team works during an awareness campaign against the dangers of landmines and explosives, in the Khokha district of the Hodeidah province of Yemen, on December 21, 2022. (AFP)

The National Commission to Investigate Alleged Violations to Human Rights (NCIAVHR) said Thursday it has documented and investigated 3,411 human rights violations across Yemen in 2022.

The violations include attacks on civilians, archaeological and religious sites, medical personnel and health facilities the destruction of private and public property, recruitment of minors and casualties from mine explosions.

In a press release, NCIAVHR said the violations affected 3,713 people from both genders and all ages.

It documented 940 attacks against civilians that left 1,412 deaths and injuries. It documented 447 deaths, including 35 women and 82 children. It confirmed 891 injuries, including 84 women and 212 children.

It confirmed 426 victims of mines and explosive devices. Of those victims, 23 were women and 106 were children.

It reported the arrest and disappearance of 968 people, targeted attacks against religious and archeological sites, 14 attacks against medical staff and facilities, and 1,092 attacks on private and public property. It documented 131 cases of child recruitment.

The Commission said it had completed investigations into the bombing of 52 houses, the forced displacement of 144 families and 87 cases of extrajudicial killings.

NCIAVHR added that the commission carried out 11 field visits to the governorates of Aden, Lahj, Taiz, Marib and Shabwa to investigate attacks on neighborhoods, residential areas and camps. They probed attacks on schools, medical facilities and farms. They toured contact lines and inspected the humanitarian situation on the ground.

The commission also carried out field visits to remote mountainous region in the Dhale, al-Jawf, al-Bayda, Hajjah, Saada and Hodeidah. They held direct interviews with victims of torture, lootings, arbitrary sacking and child recruitment in the Dhamar, al-Mahwit, Amran and Sanaa regions.

NCIAVHR called for probes into the human rights violations. It urged all warring parties to respect international humanitarian law. It called an end to arbitrary attacks and a halt to arbitrary arrests, kidnappings and looting. It called against imposing restrictions on women in engaging in social, political and public life.

It urged the international community to condemn the human rights violations committed in Yemen and to identify the parties responsible. It urged it to increase humanitarian aid to the war-torn country and help the legitimate government meet its commitments.

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Shiny and Deadly, Unexploded Munitions a Threat to Gaza Children

Many casualties are children desperate for something to do or searching through the rubble. Eyad BABA / AFP/File
Many casualties are children desperate for something to do or searching through the rubble. Eyad BABA / AFP/File
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Shiny and Deadly, Unexploded Munitions a Threat to Gaza Children

Many casualties are children desperate for something to do or searching through the rubble. Eyad BABA / AFP/File
Many casualties are children desperate for something to do or searching through the rubble. Eyad BABA / AFP/File

War has left Gaza littered with unexploded bombs that will take years to clear, with children drawn to metal casings maimed or even killed when they try to pick them up, a demining expert said.

Nicholas Orr, a former UK military deminer, told AFP after a mission to the war-battered Palestinian territory that "we're losing two people a day to UXO (unexploded ordnance) at the moment."

According to Orr, most of the casualties are children out of school desperate for something to do, searching through the rubble of bombed-out buildings sometimes for lack of better playthings.

"They're bored, they're running around, they find something curious, they play with it, and that's the end," he said.

Among the victims was 15-year-old Ahmed Azzam, who lost his leg to an explosive left in the rubble as he returned to his home in the southern city of Rafah after months of displacement.

"We were inspecting the remains of our home and there was a suspicious object in the rubble," Azzam told AFP.

"I didn't know it was explosive, but suddenly it detonated," he said, causing "severe wounds to both my legs, which led to the amputation of one of them."

He was one of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians returning home during a truce that brought short-lived calm to Gaza after more than 15 months of war, before Israel resumed its bombardment and military operations last month.

For Azzam and other children, the return was marred by the dangers of leftover explosives.

'Attractive to kids'

Demining expert Orr, who was in Gaza for charity Handicap International, said that while no one is safe from the threat posed by unexploded munitions, children are especially vulnerable.

Some ordnance is like "gold to look at, so they're quite attractive to kids", he said.

"You pick that up and that detonates. That's you and your family gone, and the rest of your building."

Another common scenario involved people back from displacement, said Orr, giving an example of "a father of a family who's moved back to his home to reclaim his life, and finds that there's UXO in his garden".

"So he tries to help himself and help his family by moving the UXO, and there's an accident."

With fighting ongoing and humanitarian access limited, little data is available, but in January the UN Mine Action Service said that "between five and 10 percent" of weapons fired into Gaza failed to detonate.

It could take 14 years to make the coastal territory safe from unexploded bombs, the UN agency said.

Alexandra Saieh, head of advocacy for Save The Children, said unexploded ordnance is a common sight in the Gaza Strip, where her charity operates.

"When our teams go on field they see UXOs all the time. Gaza is littered with them," she said.

'Numbers game'

For children who lose limbs from blasts, "the situation is catastrophic", said Saieh, because "child amputees require specialized long-term care... that's just not available in Gaza".

In early March, just before the ceasefire collapsed, Israel blocked all aid from entering Gaza. That included prosthetics that could have helped avoid long-term mobility loss, Saieh said.

Unexploded ordnance comes in various forms, Orr said. In Gaza's north, where ground battles raged for months, there are things like "mortars, grenades, and a lot of bullets".

In Rafah, where air strikes were more intense than ground combat, "it's artillery projectiles, it's airdrop projectiles", which can often weigh dozens of kilograms, he added.

Orr said he was unable to obtain permission to conduct bomb disposal in Gaza, as Israeli aerial surveillance could have mistaken him for a militant attempting to repurpose unexploded ordnance into weapons.

He also said that while awareness-raising could help Gazans manage the threat, the message doesn't always travel fast enough.

"People see each other moving it and think, 'Oh, they've done it, I can get away with it,'" Orr said, warning that it was difficult for a layperson to know which bombs might still explode, insisting it was not worth the risk.

"You're just playing against the odds, it's a numbers game."