Saudi Research Tests New Energy-Efficient Cooling System

KAUST's new cooling system
KAUST's new cooling system
TT
20

Saudi Research Tests New Energy-Efficient Cooling System

KAUST's new cooling system
KAUST's new cooling system

The King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) has conducted observational experiments in the houses located inside the campus to create a new cooling system that consumes energy less than the currently used systems.

These experiments aim at testing the efficiency of the new system under different weather conditions in Saudi Arabia.

Air conditioning systems in use today typically achieve only 35–40 percent of the cooling possible for the amount of electricity they consume. As well as their principal task of cooling air, they remove moisture from the air by lowering its temperature to the level at which the water in it condenses. But this double step wastes a lot of energy.

A team led by Kim Choon Ng, professor of Environmental Science and Engineering at KAUST, has now devised a way to reduce the amount of energy consumed by decoupling the two processes.

Instead of dehumidifying air by cooling it, the system uses a more efficient process called adsorption. This binds the water in the air to the surface of a specially developed nanomaterial. Made of calcium chloride salt embedded in a silica gel lattice, this material can adsorb up to 20 times as much water as conventional silica gel in proportion to its weight.

Ng is now testing prototypes, and findings to date show an improvement in efficiency of 30–60 percent over conventional air conditioners. “This new type of air conditioner could offer a much-needed mean to slow down the increasing contribution of cooling systems to climate change,” says Kim Choon Ng.

In this new system, the proprietary adsorbent coats the coils of a mechanical vapor compressor, which cools the air the adsorbent has dehumidified in the manner of a conventional AC system. Air flow through the system is reversed and then reversed again in a period cycle to regenerate the saturated adsorbent.

Global consumption of air conditioning electricity, mainly generated from burning fossil fuels, has risen from 600 TWh in 1990 to 2,200 TWh in 2020, and based on current trends, could reach 6,300 TWh in 2050. By then, half of all electricity used by the world’s hottest countries, including Saudi Arabia, would be used just for keeping people cool.



Mattel Introduces its First Barbie with Type 1 Diabetes

This photo provided by Mattel, Inc., shows the new Barbie doll with type 1 diabetes (T1D).   (Mattel, Inc. via AP)
This photo provided by Mattel, Inc., shows the new Barbie doll with type 1 diabetes (T1D). (Mattel, Inc. via AP)
TT
20

Mattel Introduces its First Barbie with Type 1 Diabetes

This photo provided by Mattel, Inc., shows the new Barbie doll with type 1 diabetes (T1D).   (Mattel, Inc. via AP)
This photo provided by Mattel, Inc., shows the new Barbie doll with type 1 diabetes (T1D). (Mattel, Inc. via AP)

Mattel has introduced its first Barbie representing a person with Type 1 diabetes, as part of wider efforts from the toy maker to increase inclusivity among its dolls.

In an announcement Tuesday, Mattel said it had partnered with Breakthrough T1D — a Type 1 diabetes research and advocacy organization formerly known as Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, or JDRF — to ensure that the design of the doll “truly captures the community." That includes accessories that “accurately reflect the medical equipment" people with Type 1 diabetes may need, the California-based company noted, according to The Associated Press.

“Visibility matters for everyone facing Type 1 diabetes,” Emily Mazreku, director of marketing strategy at Breakthrough T1D, said in an accompanying announcement. And as a mother who lives with Type 1 diabetes, she added, “it means everything to have Barbie helping the world see T1D and the incredible people who live with it.”

The new Barbie wears continuous glucose monitor (CGM), a device that tracks blood sugar levels, on her arm — while holding a phone displaying an accompanying app. She also has an insulin pump attached to her waist. And the doll carries a blue purse that can be used to carry other essential supplies or snacks on the go.

The Barbie's outfit is blue, too — with polka dots on a matching top and skirt set. Mattel says that this color and design are nods to symbols for diabetes awareness.

This new doll “enables more children to see themselves reflected in Barbie,” Mattel wrote Tuesday, and is part of the company's wider Fashionistas line committed to inclusivity.

The line features Barbies with various skin tones, hair colors and textures, disabilities, body types and more. Previously-introduced Fashionistas include a Ken doll with a prosthetic leg and a Barbie with hearing aids. Mattel also introduced its first doll with Down syndrome in 2023.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 38.4 million Americans of all ages — amounting to about 11.6% of the US population — were estimated to have diabetes as of 2021, the latest year with data available. About 2 million had Type 1 diabetes, including about 304,000 children and teens younger than 20.

Barbie's new doll with Type 1 diabetes was also introduced at Breakthrough T1D's 2025 Children’s Congress held in Washington, D.C. this week, where the organization is advocating for continued federal research funding. This year, Breakthrough T1D has been particularly focused on the Special Diabetes Program, which is currently set to expire in September.