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Morocco Renews Commitment to Resolve the Sahara Issue

Moroccan Minister of Justice Abdellatif Ouahbi (MAP)
Moroccan Minister of Justice Abdellatif Ouahbi (MAP)
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Morocco Renews Commitment to Resolve the Sahara Issue

Moroccan Minister of Justice Abdellatif Ouahbi (MAP)
Moroccan Minister of Justice Abdellatif Ouahbi (MAP)

Morocco supports the political process to resolve the issue of the Moroccan Sahara, reiterating its commitment to round table talks of all parties, under the exclusive auspices of the UN, according to Minister of Justice Abdellatif Ouahbi.

Speaking at the 52nd regular session of the Human Rights Council, Ouahbi said that this commitment to reach a "realistic, achievable, sustainable, and consensus-based" solution within the framework of national sovereignty and territorial integrity of Morocco, based on the autonomy initiative that the Security Council considered a serious and credible for the 19th time.

The head of the Moroccan delegation noted that it was a "serious and credible" initiative that received the broad support of 91 countries. Its dynamism had been reinforced by the opening of consulates in the Moroccan Sahara by several African, Arab, and South American countries.

He indicated that this "dynamism was consistent with international legitimacy, the latest of which was Security Council Resolution 2654, which reaffirmed the method of round tables as the only framework for negotiations and a political solution that is realistic, practical, sustainable, and consensus-based."

Ouahbi explained that while the southern provinces of the Kingdom are "witnessing a tremendous comprehensive economic and social development that allows the population to enjoy their rights and participate in the management of public affairs through representative institutions, the suffering of Moroccans detained in harsh conditions in the Tindouf camps in Algeria continues."

The minister indicated that their daily lives are affected by the siege, the confiscation of the right to assembly, and preventing movement.

They also suffer from "extrajudicial executions, arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, and all forms of torture, rape, human trafficking, and child recruitment, by militias that condition enjoyment of the most basic rights to subjugation and full political and ideological compliance," he said.

The minister recalled that 2022 was marked by royal attention to issues of equality and women, especially empowering them with their legal rights and adopting the option of revising the family code, and promoting constitutional institutions concerned with women's issues.

Morocco also engaged in a "comprehensive review of the criminal system for the sake of harmony and international standards, societal transformations, and modern developments, as well as the preparation for a draft criminal law and the code for criminal procedures, and a draft law on alternative penalties."

He also explained that internationally, there have been difficulties and challenges that severely affect human rights in light of the repercussions of the spread of the coronavirus, the devastating effects of armed conflicts, the risks of climate change, and the spread of violent extremism, terrorism, racism, and xenophobia.

Morocco continued its efforts to promote the values of dialogue, peace, tolerance, cooperation, and mutual respect between countries by hosting the work of the Ninth Global Forum of the Alliance of Civilizations, culminating in the Fez Declaration.

Marrakesh also hosted the first international seminar on National Mechanisms for Implementation, Reporting, and Follow-up in human rights, culminating in the adoption of the Marrakesh Declaration.

Ouahbi explained that the Marrakesh Declaration falls within the framework of international efforts to strengthen the roles of these mechanisms and develop partnerships, cooperation, and shared experiences.

The Minister of Justice stated that the Kingdom's accession to the first Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination against Women, constituted a "very important human rights event and an additional milestone in the great national march towards the supreme will of the state and enshrined in the constitution."

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Israelis are Wary of Returning to the North Because they Don't Trust the Ceasefire with Hezbollah

A general view of the border line between Israel and Lebanon following the ceasefire between Israel and Iran-backed group Hezbollah, as seen from its Israeli side, November 28, 2024. REUTERS/ Shir Torem
A general view of the border line between Israel and Lebanon following the ceasefire between Israel and Iran-backed group Hezbollah, as seen from its Israeli side, November 28, 2024. REUTERS/ Shir Torem
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Israelis are Wary of Returning to the North Because they Don't Trust the Ceasefire with Hezbollah

A general view of the border line between Israel and Lebanon following the ceasefire between Israel and Iran-backed group Hezbollah, as seen from its Israeli side, November 28, 2024. REUTERS/ Shir Torem
A general view of the border line between Israel and Lebanon following the ceasefire between Israel and Iran-backed group Hezbollah, as seen from its Israeli side, November 28, 2024. REUTERS/ Shir Torem

Dean Sweetland casts his gaze over a forlorn street in the Israeli community of Kibbutz Malkiya. Perched on a hill overlooking the border with Lebanon, the town stands mostly empty after being abandoned a year ago.
The daycare is closed. The homes are unkempt. Parts of the landscape are ashen from fires sparked by fallen Hezbollah rockets. Even after a tenuous Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire designed to let Israelis return to the north, the mood here is far from celebratory.
“The ceasefire is rubbish,” said Sweetland, a gardener and member of the kibbutz’s civilian security squad. “Do you expect me to ring around my friends and say, ‘All the families should come home?’ No."
Across the border, Lebanese civilians have jammed roads in a rush to return to homes in the country's south, but most residents of northern Israel have met the ceasefire with suspicion and apprehension.
“Hezbollah could still come back to the border, and who will protect us when they do?” Sweetland asked.
Israel’s government seeks to bring the northern reaches of the country back to life, particularly the line of communities directly abutting Lebanon that have played a major role in staking out Israel’s border.
But the fear of Hezbollah, a lack of trust in United Nations peacekeeping forces charged with upholding the ceasefire, deep anger at the government and some Israelis' desire to keep rebuilding their lives elsewhere are keeping many from returning immediately.
When the truce took effect, about 45,000 Israelis had evacuated from the north. They fled their homes after Hezbollah began firing across the border on Oct. 8, 2023, in solidarity with its ally Hamas in Gaza. That triggered more than a year of cross-border exchanges, with Lebanese villages in the south and Israeli communities facing the border taking the brunt of the pain.
During the truce's initial 60-day phase, Hezbollah is supposed to remove its armed presence from a broad band of southern Lebanon where the military says the militant group had been digging in for years by gathering weapons and setting up rocket launch sites and other infrastructure. Under the ceasefire, a UN peacekeeping force known as UNIFIL and a beefed-up Lebanese army presence are supposed to ensure Hezbollah doesn’t return.
Many residents of northern Israel are skeptical that the peace will hold.
Sarah Gould, who evacuated Kibbutz Malkiya at the start of the war with her three kids, said Hezbollah fired on the community up to and just past the minute when the ceasefire took effect early Wednesday.
“So for the government to tell me that Hezbollah is neutralized," she said, "it’s a perfect lie.”
Residents fear for their safety in the far north in Gaza, where Israel is pushing forward with a war that has killed over 44,000 Palestinians, Israel’s goal is the eradication of Hamas. But in Lebanon, Israel’s aims were limited to pushing Hezbollah away from the border so northern residents could return home.
Israeli critics say the government should have kept fighting to outright cripple Hezbollah or to clear out the border area, which is home to hundreds of thousands of Lebanese.
“I won’t even begin to consider going home until I know there’s a dead zone for kilometers across the border,” the 46-year-old Gould said.
Some wary Israelis trickled back home Thursday and Friday to areas farther from the border. But communities like Kibbutz Manara, set on a tiny slice of land between Lebanon and Syria, remained ghost towns.
Orna Weinberg, 58, who was born and raised in Manara, said it was too early to tell whether the ceasefire would protect the community.
Perched above all the other border villages, Manara was uniquely vulnerable to Hezbollah fire throughout the war. Three-quarters of its structures were damaged.
In the kibbutz’s communal kitchen and dining hall, ceiling beams have collapsed. The uprooted floorboards are covered with ash from fires that also claimed much of the kibbutz’s cropland.
Rocket fragments abound. The torso of a mannequin, a decoy dressed in army green, lies on the ground.
Weinberg tried to stay in Manara during the war, but after anti-tank shrapnel damaged her home, soldiers told her to leave. On Thursday, she walked along her street, which looks out directly over a UNIFIL position separating the kibbutz from a line of Lebanese villages that have been decimated by Israeli bombardment and demolitions.
Weinberg said UNIFIL hadn’t prevented Hezbollah’s build-up in the past, “so why would they be able to now?”
“A ceasefire here just gives Hezbollah a chance to rebuild their power and come back to places that they were driven out of,” she said.
The truce seemed fragile.
Associated Press reporters heard sporadic bursts of gunfire, likely Israeli troops firing at Lebanese attempting to enter the towns. Israel’s military says it is temporarily preventing Lebanese civilians from returning home to a line of towns closest to the border, until the Lebanese military can deploy there in force.
Even in less battered communities, no one returns home. Though the atmosphere along the border was tense, Malkiya showed signs of peace. With Hezbollah’s rockets stopped, some residents returned briefly to the kibbutz to peer around cautiously.
At a vista overlooking the border, where the hulking wreckage of Lebanese villages could be made out, a group of around 30 soldiers gathered. Just days ago, they would have made easy targets for Hezbollah fire.
Malkiya has sustained less damage than Manara. Still, residents said they would not return immediately. During a year of displacement, many have restarted their lives elsewhere, and the idea of going back to a front-line town on the border is daunting.
In Lebanon, where Israeli bombardment and ground assaults drove some 1.2 million people from their homes, some of the displaced crowded into schools-turned-shelters or slept in the streets.
In Israel, the government paid for hotels for evacuees and helped accommodate children in new schools. Gould predicted residents would return to the kibbutz only when government subsidies for their lodging dried up — “not because they want to, but because they feel like they can’t afford an alternative.”
“It’s not just a security issue,” Gould said. “We’ve spent more than a year rebuilding our lives wherever we landed. It’s a question of having to gather that up and move back somewhere else, somewhere that’s technically our old house but not a home. Nothing feels the same.”
It’s unclear if schools in the border communities will have enough students to reopen, Gould said, and her children are already enrolled elsewhere. She’s enjoyed living farther from the border, away from an open war zone.
There’s also a deep feeling that the communities were abandoned by the government, Sweetland said.
Sweetland is one of roughly 25 civilian security volunteers who stayed throughout the war, braving continual rocket fire to keep the kibbutz afloat. They repaired damaged homes, put out blazes and helped replace the kibbutz generator when it was taken out by Hezbollah fire. They were on their own, with no firefighters or police willing to risk coming, he said.
“We didn’t have any help for months and months and months, and we pleaded, ‘Please help us.’”
Sweetland said he will keep watching over the hushed pathways of the once-vibrant community in hopes his neighbors will soon feel safe enough to return. But he predicted it would take months.
Weinberg hopes to move back to Manara as soon as possible. On Thursday, she spotted a former neighbor who was about to leave after checking the damage to her home.
Weinberg grasped her hand through the car window, asking how she was. The woman grimaced and began to cry. Their hands parted as the car slowly rolled out through the gates and drove away.