‘Piece of Ramadan’ in Egyptian Museums

Egyptian museums display collections of historic artifacts and memorabilia on the occasion of Ramadan.
Egyptian museums display collections of historic artifacts and memorabilia on the occasion of Ramadan.
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‘Piece of Ramadan’ in Egyptian Museums

Egyptian museums display collections of historic artifacts and memorabilia on the occasion of Ramadan.
Egyptian museums display collections of historic artifacts and memorabilia on the occasion of Ramadan.

Egyptian museums are displaying collections of historic artifacts and memorabilia that highlight the heritage of the holy mosque under the theme “Piece of Ramadan”.

Running until the end of the holy month, the exhibitions feature rare Quran copies, lanterns, and personal memorabilia of princes and historic figures.

The Museum of Islamic Art (central Cairo) displays a Quran copy that dates back to the Umayyad era in the 2nd century of Hegira (8th century AD). According to the museum’s records, this copy, written in a simple kufi style and black ink, is “the oldest featuring shape tags and red notes.”

The Hurghada Museum displays several pieces including a lantern that belonged to Sultan Barquq, the first Sultan of the Circassian Mamluk dynasty of Egypt, who ruled from 784 until 801 Hegira (1382-1389 AD). The lantern is made of thick glass and features decorations.

Director of the Nile Palace Museum Muhammad al-Bardini said the museum is taking part in the celebrations of Ramadan’s historic ambiances with some pieces that belonged to the palace’s owner, Prince Mohammed Ali Tewfik.

The collection includes “a number of Quran copies, rosaries, and a silver fridge that was used by the prince and his family during Ramadan, in addition to a collection of prayer mats, and an ivory box featuring Al-Aqsa Mosque.”

“Displaying the artifacts and memorabilia related to the holy month is aimed at linking the present to the past, and recalling Ramadan stories of historic figures,” he told Asharq Al-Awsat. “The rare memorabilia of Prince Mohammed Ali Tewfik highlight his interest in Ramadan and its rituals,” he noted.

Many other Egyptian museums have also organized exhibitions on the occasion of Ramadan. Under the theme “Bring Lanterns, Kids”, the Museum of the Royal Vehicles in central Cairo displays a collection of historic memorabilia including two copper lanterns that date to the era of Mohamed Said Pasha, a silver fruit plate from the collection of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, and a Victorian horse carriage that was dedicated for mosque visits.

The museum also screens a documentary that brief the visitors on Ramadan celebrations during the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty.

The “Ahlan Ramadan” exhibition at the Nile Palace Museum displays 25 artifacts linked to the holy month, while the Kafr El Sheikh Museum in the Egyptian Delta hosts an exhibition dubbed “Ramadan Kareem.” It displays a Quran copy handwritten by Sheikh Mohammed Abdelaziz Al-Rifai in 1341 Hegira, in addition to paintings, two handwritten pages from a Quran, and a lantern featuring the name of Khedive Abbas II Helmy Bey.

As for the Museum of Royal Jewelry in Alexandria, it displays a rare picture of King Farouk performing the first Friday prayer in Ramadan, at the historic Rifai Mosque accompanied by eminent scholars and statesmen.



Fast-forming Alien Planet has Astronomers Intrigued

An artist's depiction of a planet and its host star with a misaligned disk of material, and a binary companion in the background, is shown in this undated handout image. NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)/Handout via REUTERS
An artist's depiction of a planet and its host star with a misaligned disk of material, and a binary companion in the background, is shown in this undated handout image. NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)/Handout via REUTERS
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Fast-forming Alien Planet has Astronomers Intrigued

An artist's depiction of a planet and its host star with a misaligned disk of material, and a binary companion in the background, is shown in this undated handout image. NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)/Handout via REUTERS
An artist's depiction of a planet and its host star with a misaligned disk of material, and a binary companion in the background, is shown in this undated handout image. NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt, K. Miller (Caltech/IPAC)/Handout via REUTERS

Astronomers have spotted orbiting around a young star a newborn planet that took only 3 million years to form - quite swift in cosmic terms - in a discovery that challenges the current understanding of the speed of planetary formation.
This infant world, estimated at around 10 to 20 times the mass of Earth, is one of the youngest planets beyond our solar system - called exoplanets - ever discovered. It resides alongside the remnants of the disk of dense gas and dust circling the host star - called a protoplanetary disk - that provided the ingredients for the planet to form.
The star it orbits is expected to become a stellar type called an orange dwarf, less hot and less massive than our sun. The star's mass is about 70% that of the sun and it is about half as luminous. It is located in our Milky Way galaxy about 520 light-years from Earth, Reuters reported. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km).
"This discovery confirms that planets can be in a cohesive form within 3 million years, which was previously unclear as Earth took 10 to 20 million years to form," said Madyson Barber, a graduate student in the department of physics and astronomy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and lead author of the study published this week in the journal Nature.
"We don't really know how long it takes for planets to form," UNC astrophysicist and study co-author Andrew Mann added. "We know that giant planets must form faster than their disk dissipates because they need a lot of gas from the disk. But disks take 5 to 10 million years to dissipate. So do planets form in 1 million years? 5? 10?"
The planet, given the names IRAS 04125+2902 b and TIDYE-1b, orbits its star every 8.8 days at a distance about one-fifth that separating our solar system's innermost planet Mercury from the sun. Its mass is in between that of Earth, the largest of our solar system's rocky planets, and Neptune, the smallest of the gas planets. It is less dense than Earth and has a diameter about 11 times greater. Its chemical composition is not known.
The researchers suspect that the planet formed further away from its star and then migrated inward.
"Forming large planets close to the star is difficult because the protoplanetary disk dissipates away from closest to the star the fastest, meaning there's not enough material to form a large planet that close that quickly," Barber said.
The researchers detected it using what is called the "transit" method, observing a dip in the host star's brightness when the planet passes in front of it, from the perspective of a viewer on Earth. It was found by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, or TESS, space telescope.
"This is the youngest-known transiting planet. It is on par with the youngest planets known," Barber said.
Exoplanets not detected using this method sometimes are directly imaged using telescopes. But these typically are massive ones, around 10 times greater than our solar system's largest planet Jupiter.
Stars and planets form from clouds of interstellar gas and dust.
"To form a star-planet system, the cloud of gas and dust will collapse and spin into a flat environment, with the star at the center and the disk surrounding it. Planets will form in that disk. The disk will then dissipate starting from the inner region near the star," Barber said.
"It was previously thought that we wouldn't be able to find a transiting planet this young because the disk would be in the way. But for some reason that we aren't sure of, the outer disk is warped, leaving a perfect window to the star and allowing us to detect the transit," Barber added.