Witness Tells Asharq Al-Awsat about Meeting Saddam Twice during US Occupation

Saddam Hussein firing his gun in the air from a balcony in Baghdad on December 31, 2000 (Getty Images)
Saddam Hussein firing his gun in the air from a balcony in Baghdad on December 31, 2000 (Getty Images)
TT

Witness Tells Asharq Al-Awsat about Meeting Saddam Twice during US Occupation

Saddam Hussein firing his gun in the air from a balcony in Baghdad on December 31, 2000 (Getty Images)
Saddam Hussein firing his gun in the air from a balcony in Baghdad on December 31, 2000 (Getty Images)

A retired Iraqi, who had a working relationship and friendship with former President Saddam Hussein, revealed on the anniversary of the 2003 battle of Baghdad that he met with him twice after the Iraqi capital was captured.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, the retired Iraqi disclosed that he had two meetings with Saddam: the first was in Fallujah on April 11, just two days after the US capture of Baghdad, and the second meeting was in the Iraqi capital on July 19, four months after the city had fallen.

He confirmed that Saddam was traveling to enhance resistance operations against the US occupation.

The retiree, who requested anonymity for security reasons, claimed that Saddam was near Firdous Square in Baghdad on the day an American tank toppled his statue.

He went on to say that Saddam led the first resistance operation from a nearby location that night, targeting US positions around the Abu Hanifa al-Numan Mosque in Baghdad’s Azamiya neighborhood.

The attack involved young members of the Arab Socialist Baath Party, Fedayeen Saddam, and fighters from various Arab nationalities. It also resulted in several casualties.

As the battle intensified, Saddam’s aides were surprised to see him attempting to approach the fight scene with an RPG launcher. His entourage surrounded and prevented him from charging into the thick of the fray.

“We want you to continue leading us,” they told him. At that moment, some concluded that Saddam had a desire to be martyred that night.”

The battle continued until dawn on April 10.

Saddam then headed to Heet, where he spent the night at the house of a Baath Party member before leaving to the outskirts of Fallujah the next day.

“On April 11, the president’s entourage summoned five people, including myself, for a meeting,” the source said.

“The meeting was held at a place adjacent to a gas station on the outskirts of Fallujah, and attended with Saddam were his son Qusay and a number of security and party officials, but his personal secretary, Lt. Gen. Abid Mahmud, was not present,” they added.

Saddam was dressed in casual clothing and appeared calm and composed. He inquired about the situation inside Fallujah and the presence of US troops in Anbar.

When told that US soldiers had entered houses in Fallujah, Saddam responded firmly and said: “Drive them out.” This was seen as an order to begin operations.

“We must be patient. The battle is long. It is our duty to drain the enemy and open fronts everywhere to ensure their instability in Iraq. Set ambushes for them on the main roads, and they must know that Iraq is a tough nut to crack, let this be a lesson to them,” said Saddam according to the source.

During the meeting, an attendee mentioned that some Shiite fighters had begun targeting the Fedayeen who had come to fight against the US.

Saddam Hussein quickly interrupted, clarifying that the Shiites were fellow Iraqis and that such actions could not be attributed to them as a group.

“After giving further instructions, Saddam left the meeting for security reasons,” recalled the source.

Before noon the following day, Saddam met with accountants from the Presidential Diwan on the outskirts of the Dora area in southern Baghdad and received from them a sum of money to support the resistance.

Saddam insisted on signing a paper proving that he owed a sum of $1.25 million. On the paper, the reason for the loan was cited as a fund to sustain resistance operations against the US occupation.

On July 18, the retiree, located in Baghdad at the time, was approached by a young man who gave them a rendezvous at a secret location in Azamiya after the dawn prayer.

The following day, the source found themselves in the presence of Saddam and four new companions.

Saddam was dressed in a traditional robe and carried a pistol.

He expressed his sadness and disappointment that “some provinces in Iraq have accepted not to resist the occupation after promising to do so.”

“How can some people accept being subservient to the occupiers?” wondered Saddam.

“We must read our people well,” he added.

“This responsibility falls on the religious leaders, tribal sheikhs, and authorities who had previously sent and promised to issue a strong fatwa against the occupation as soon as its forces crossed the Kuwait-Iraq border,” he said at the secret meeting, according to the source.

Saddam then reminded of how Iraqis as whole were united during the war against Iran.

“Iraq is the last line of defense, and if it falls, some Arab countries will be directly occupied, and others will suffer indirect occupation,” explained Saddam.

“If Iraq falls, all the doors will be opened to Iran, and its influence will spread as far as Morocco,” he warned.

Furthermore, Saddam criticized the Arab stance and expressed his disappointment with Syria’s position.

“I received a promise from Bashar al-Assad that Syria would stand with Iraq as soon as the first shot was fired. But he changed his mind.”

“Many will pay the price for leaving Iraq to fall,” forewarned Saddam.

The story began on April 6, 2003, at 10:30 p.m. in Baghdad when a small group of US tanks arrived at the Republican Palace and the Rashid Hotel.

The phone of Gen. Tahir Jalil Habbush, director of intelligence at the time, rang, and on the other end was Lt. Gen. Mahmud, Saddam’s secretary.

Though relations between the two sides were strained, Lt. Gen. Mahmud was the sole conduit for receiving orders from Saddam and delivering messages to him.

What Lt. Gen. Mahmud said next was explosive.

He instructed the director of intelligence to scout the Baghdad-Salahuddin and Baghdad-Diyala roads, to determine which one was safer to exit Baghdad in case of emergencies.

“Do you think I lead a military corps to be able to secure these two roads?” Gen. Habbush replied.

Lt. Gen. Mahmud then retorted with a veiled threat and hung up the phone.

The request seemed strange to Gen. Habbush as he discussed it with his office director at the alternate headquarters of the intelligence agency.

They both concluded that Saddam would be leaving Baghdad to lead the military operation against the invasion from outside the city.

After receiving orders from Saddam, Gen. Habbush was left with no option but to carry them out no matter the difficulties or risks. The consequences of any failure to fulfill his duty were well known, and the director of intelligence did not need to be reminded of the price of angering Saddam.

Gen. Habbush decided to personally conduct reconnaissance and set out at night to the town of Tarmiyah, where he found the road to be safe. Communications had been cut in Baghdad, so he asked his companion, Col. Mahmoud, to return to the capital and use his office phone to inform Lt. Gen. Mahmud that the road to Diyala was open and safe, and that he would personally return within hours.

During his attempt to scout the other road, Gen. Habbush spotted convoys of cars, and it became clear that US planes had dropped bombs on the road, making it extremely dangerous to continue towards Baghdad.

At midnight, Gen.Habbush made his decision: he would not return to Baghdad since Saddam was leaving it.

He closed his phone and decided to join the resistance.

Gen. Habbush joined the resistance and Saddam later faced his well-known fate.



Syrian Government Announces Ceasefire with Kurdish-led SDF

Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa after signing an agreement at the presidential palace in Damascus on January 18, 2026. (EPA)
Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa after signing an agreement at the presidential palace in Damascus on January 18, 2026. (EPA)
TT

Syrian Government Announces Ceasefire with Kurdish-led SDF

Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa after signing an agreement at the presidential palace in Damascus on January 18, 2026. (EPA)
Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa after signing an agreement at the presidential palace in Damascus on January 18, 2026. (EPA)

The Syrian government Sunday announced a ceasefire with the Syrian Democratic Forces, taking almost full control of the country and dismantling the Kurdish-led forces that controlled the northeast for over a decade.

The announcement comes as tensions between government forces and the SDF boiled over earlier this month, eventually resulting in a major push by government forces toward the east. The SDF appeared to have largely retreated after initial clashes on a tense front line area in eastern Aleppo province.

Hours after the government announced the deal, SDF leader Mazloum Abdi confirmed it in a video statement, saying the group had accepted the agreement, which stipulates their withdrawal from Raqqa and Deir Ezzor provinces “to stop the bloodshed.”

“We will explain the terms of the agreement to our people in the coming days,” he said.

Syria’s Defense Ministry said it ordered the fighting to halt on the front lines after the agreement was announced.

Syria’s new leaders, since toppling Bashar al-Assad in December 2024, have struggled to assert their full authority over the war-torn country. An agreement was reached in March that would merge the SDF with Damascus, but it didn't gain traction as both sides accused each other of violating the deal.

Since the push, the government has largely asserted control of the Deir Ezzor and Raqqa provinces, critical areas under the SDF that include oil and gas fields, river dams along the Euphrates, and border crossings.

Syria’s state-run news agency SANA showed President Ahmed al-Sharaa signing and holding the agreement. Abdi, who was scheduled to meet with the president in Damascus was not seen, though his signature appeared on the document.

Sharaa told journalists that Abdi could not travel due to bad weather and will visit Damascus on Monday.

“It’s a victory for all Syrians of all backgrounds,” Sharaa told journalists in Damascus after signing the agreement. “Hopefully Syria will end its state of division and move to a state of unity and progress.”

US Envoy Tom Barrack met with Sharaa earlier Sunday as government forces were sweeping into the city of Raqqa and across Deir Ezzor. Abdi reportedly joined the meeting over the phone.

Barrack praised the agreement, saying it will lead to “renewed dialogue and cooperation toward a unified Syria,” ahead of working on the details of implementing the integration.

“This agreement and ceasefire represent a pivotal inflection point, where former adversaries embrace partnership over division,” said Barrack in a post on X.

The agreement includes dismantling the SDF and having its forces join Syria’s military and security forces, while senior military and civilian officials would be given high-ranking positions in state institutions.

The SDF would have to give up the Raqqa and Deir Ezzor provinces — both Arab-majority areas — to the Syrian military and government, as well as its border crossings and oil and gas fields.

Hassakah province, the heartland of the Kurdish population, is only expected to give its civilian administration back to Damascus, while the Kurdish-led agencies that handled prisons and sprawling camps with thousands of detained ISIS group fighters and families would be handed over to Damascus.

Agreement will be implemented gradually

There was no clear timeline on when and how the different elements of the agreement will take effect. Sharaa told journalists that it will be gradually implemented, beginning with the cessation of hostilities.

It appeared that tensions following clashes in Aleppo earlier this month had calmed after Abdi announced that his troops will withdraw east of the Euphrates River, and Sharaa issued a presidential decree that would strengthen Kurdish rights in the country.

Initially the withdrawal appeared to be going as planned, but then new clashes broke out and the Syrian military seized Tabqa, continuing into Raqqa province.

A senior Syrian government official who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly said government forces pushed eastward because the SDF despite saying they will withdraw east of the Euphrates by 7 a.m. did not do so.

Armed Arab clans in Raqqa and Deir Ezzor that largely do not support the SDF backed Damascus. By Sunday evening, the SDF lost control of large swaths of its territory and infrastructure, including dams and oil and gas fields.

The SDF took Raqqa from the ISIS group in 2017 as part of its military campaign to take down the group’s so-called "caliphate", which at its peak stretched across large parts of Syria and Iraq.

An Associated Press reporter in the area said that large military convoys swept into Raqqa city Sunday evening and were greeted by residents. It appeared that the SDF had withdrawn.

Raqqa celebrates

Crowds in Raqqa celebrated in the streets late into the evening, waving Syrian flags and setting off fireworks, while some fired into the air.

“Today, everyone is born anew,” said Yahya Al Ahmad, who was among the revelers.

A couple of thousand Kurdish families who lived in the areas captured by government forces fled to the SDF-controlled city of Qamishli amid the offensive. Many of them had previously been displaced from other areas multiple times during Syria’s 14-year civil war and were living in tents camps. A cultural center in the city was turned into a temporary shelter for them.

Residents of Qamishli expressed both hope and skepticism about the deal.

“The Kurds have become victims of international agreements and international deception,” said Goran Ibrahim, a doctor. But he said, “With regards to this agreement, the positive part is the end of the fighting in the region.”

Syria's ambassador to the UN, Ibrahim Olabi, told the AP, “Really this is now a moment to show that Syrians are able to put differences aside and move ahead...It’s a victory for Syria.”


Video Shows Fires in Palestinian Village in West Bank During Israeli Settler Attack

 People stand in an area with destroyed vehicles and a structure, which Palestinians say were burned by Israeli settlers on Saturday, in the Palestinian town of Mikhmas, near Ramallah in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, January 18, 2026. (Reuters)
People stand in an area with destroyed vehicles and a structure, which Palestinians say were burned by Israeli settlers on Saturday, in the Palestinian town of Mikhmas, near Ramallah in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, January 18, 2026. (Reuters)
TT

Video Shows Fires in Palestinian Village in West Bank During Israeli Settler Attack

 People stand in an area with destroyed vehicles and a structure, which Palestinians say were burned by Israeli settlers on Saturday, in the Palestinian town of Mikhmas, near Ramallah in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, January 18, 2026. (Reuters)
People stand in an area with destroyed vehicles and a structure, which Palestinians say were burned by Israeli settlers on Saturday, in the Palestinian town of Mikhmas, near Ramallah in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, January 18, 2026. (Reuters)

Israeli settlers rampaged through a Palestinian village in the West Bank, setting fire to a series of structures, according to security camera footage obtained by The Associated Press on Sunday, in an overnight onslaught that has become a common phenomenon in the occupied territory.

In the video, time-stamped at around 10 p.m. Saturday, several structures in the village go up in flames as the sound of gunfire, screaming and barking echoes in the background. At one point in the video, the fires grow so large that they illuminate the bands of settlers, dressed in black, pacing freely through the village.

Also Sunday, at least four more countries said they had been invited to join US President Donald Trump’s Board of Peace, the international body expected to oversee his Gaza ceasefire plan and perhaps other conflict resolutions.

Meanwhile, an Israeli Cabinet minister said that he'd ordered officials to disconnect the water and electricity for facilities of the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees, or UNRWA. It's the latest action in Israel’s long-running campaign to shut down the agency. UNRWA fears the shutdown could hamper its work in east Jerusalem.

Settler attack video

The footage obtained by the AP showed the moment dozens of settlers descended on the small Bedouin hamlet of Khirbet al-Sidra, north of Jerusalem, attacking Palestinians and international activists and burning cars and homes, according to the Palestinian Authority's Jerusalem governate, which monitors Palestinian affairs in the area.

In a statement, it said that eight homes and at least two cars were burned in the attack.

Israel’s military said that soldiers dispatched to the village found an Israeli vehicle with clubs inside. It said that Palestinians, Israelis and foreign nationals were injured, and troops were searching the area to make arrests. As of Sunday afternoon, no arrests had been reported.

It marked the latest assault in the tense territory as settler violence spikes in recent months.

Around 500,000 Israelis have settled in the West Bank since Israel captured the territory, along with east Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip, in the 1967 Mideast war. Their presence is viewed by most of the international community as illegal and a major obstacle to peace.

The Palestinians seek all three areas for a future state. Israel has sought to play down the violence as the work of a small, radical minority. But Israel's far-right government, dominated by settlers and their supporters, has done little to stop the attacks.

Board of Peace invites

Jordan, Greece, Cyprus and Pakistan on Sunday announced that they had received invitations to Trump's Board of Peace. Albania, Egypt, Paraguay, Argentina and Türkiye have already said they were invited.

The board, made up of world leaders, was initially seen as a mechanism focused on ending the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza. It's now taking shape with ambitions to have a far broader mandate to address other global crises, potentially rivaling the United Nations.

The US hasn't yet announced the official list of members. In letters sent Friday to various world leaders inviting them to be “founding members” of the board, Trump says the body would “embark on a bold new approach to resolving global conflict.”

Israel moves against UNRWA

Israeli Energy Minister Eli Cohen said on X Sunday he'd issued formal notices to disconnect water and electricity from facilities belonging to UNRWA.

The UN agency said on X that the shutdown could take effect within two weeks. It comes after Israel's parliament in December passed a bill to cut the supply of electricity and water to the facilities.

The earlier ban already closed many of UNRWA’s services in east Jerusalem, though it continues to operate a vocational training center in east Jerusalem.

The agency provides aid and services, including health and education, to around 2.5 million Palestinian refugees in Gaza and the occupied West Bank and east Jerusalem, as well as 3 million more in Syria, Jordan and Lebanon.

Earlier last year, Israel banned the agency from operating on its territory. The ban followed months of attacks on the agency by Israel, which says it's deeply infiltrated by Hamas. UNRWA rejects that accusation.


Iraq Announces Complete Withdrawal of US-Led Coalition from Federal Territory

 US forces at the Taji camp, north of Baghdad. (AFP file)
US forces at the Taji camp, north of Baghdad. (AFP file)
TT

Iraq Announces Complete Withdrawal of US-Led Coalition from Federal Territory

 US forces at the Taji camp, north of Baghdad. (AFP file)
US forces at the Taji camp, north of Baghdad. (AFP file)

Iraq said on Sunday US-led coalition forces had finished withdrawing from bases within the country's federal territory, which excludes the autonomous northern Kurdistan region.

"We announce today... the completion of the evacuation of all military bases and leadership headquarters in the official federal areas of Iraq of advisers" of the US-led coalition, the military committee tasked with overseeing the end of the coalition's mission said.

With the withdrawal, "these sites come under the full control of Iraqi security forces", it said in the statement, adding that they would transition to "the stage of bilateral security relations with the United States".

The vast majority of coalition forces had withdrawn from Iraqi bases under a 2024 deal between Baghdad and Washington outlining the end of the mission in Iraq by the end of 2025 and by September 2026 in the Kurdistan region.

US and allied troops had been deployed to Iraq and Syria since 2014 to fight the ISIS group, which had seized large swathes of both countries.

The group was territorially defeated in Iraq in 2017 and in Syria in 2019, but continues to operate sleeper cells.

The vast majority of coalition troops withdrew from Iraq over previous stages, with only advisers remaining in the country.

The military committee on Sunday said Iraqi forces were now "fully capable of preventing the reappearance of ISIS in Iraq and its infiltration across borders".

"Coordination with the international coalition will continue with regards to completely eliminating ISIS's presence in Syria," it added.

It pointed to "the coalition's role in Iraq offering cross-border logistical support for operations in Syria, through their presence at an airbase in Erbil", the capital of Iraq's Kurdistan region.

In December, two US soldiers and a civilian interpreter were killed in Syria in an attack blamed on ISIS, sparking fears of a resurgence in the country.

The statement added that anti-ISIS operations would be coordinated with the coalition through the Ain al-Assad base in Anbar province in western Iraq.

ISIS attacks in Iraq have massively declined in recent years, but the group maintains a presence in the country's mountainous areas.

A UN Security Council report in August said: "In Iraq, the group has focused on rebuilding networks along the Syrian border and restoring capacity in the Badia region."