Saudi Aramco Aims to Begin IPO in November

The Saudi Aramco logo pictured at the company's oil facility in Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia, October 12, 2019. (Reuters)
The Saudi Aramco logo pictured at the company's oil facility in Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia, October 12, 2019. (Reuters)
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Saudi Aramco Aims to Begin IPO in November

The Saudi Aramco logo pictured at the company's oil facility in Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia, October 12, 2019. (Reuters)
The Saudi Aramco logo pictured at the company's oil facility in Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia, October 12, 2019. (Reuters)

Saudi Aramco aims to announce the start of its initial public offering (IPO) on November 3, three people with direct knowledge of the matter told Reuters, after delaying the deal earlier this month to give advisers time to secure cornerstone investors.

Aramco will start subscription for investors in its initial public offering on December 4, Al-Arabiya news channel said in a news flash on Tuesday citing sources.

The oil giant plans to announce the transaction’s price on November 17, it added. The company will begin trading on the local stock market, the Tadawul, on December 11, the broadcaster reported.

Aramco, in response to queries by Reuters, said on Tuesday the oil company “does not comment on rumor or speculation. The company continues to engage with the shareholders on IPO readiness activities. The company is ready and timing will depend on market conditions and be at a time of the shareholders’ choosing.”

The company will soon have more shareholders from institutions, the head of the Saudi Public Investment Fund, Yassir al-Rumayyan, said.

Al-Rumayyan, also chairman of Aramco’s board of directors, was speaking at a panel at the Future Investment Initiative that kicked off in Riyadh on Tuesday.



World's Best Converge in Jeddah for 'Saudi Smash 2024'

The Saudi Smash 2024 table tennis tournament commences Saturday in Jeddah at the King Abdullah Sports City. (SPA)
The Saudi Smash 2024 table tennis tournament commences Saturday in Jeddah at the King Abdullah Sports City. (SPA)
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World's Best Converge in Jeddah for 'Saudi Smash 2024'

The Saudi Smash 2024 table tennis tournament commences Saturday in Jeddah at the King Abdullah Sports City. (SPA)
The Saudi Smash 2024 table tennis tournament commences Saturday in Jeddah at the King Abdullah Sports City. (SPA)

The "Saudi Smash 2024" table tennis tournament commences Saturday in Jeddah at the King Abdullah Sports City.
Over the next eight days, 64 world-class players will take part in the tournament which runs through May 11.

This elite group includes a local trio: Ali Al-Khadrawi, Abdulaziz Bushalibi, and Khaled Al-Sharif, all vying to showcase their skills on the global stage, the Saudi Press Agency reported.
The tournament kicked off with a three-day qualifying stage featuring 64 contenders. Eight players emerged victorious, joining 56 pre-qualified stars based on their international ranking. This brings the total number of participants in the final stage to 64 in each category – men's singles, women's singles, and mixed doubles.
Moreover, 24 teams will compete in each of the men's, women's, and mixed doubles categories. All players are vying for coveted titles, substantial prize money, and crucial points towards their International Table Tennis Federation rankings.


Saudi Arabia Hosts its First Opera, Zarqa Al Yamamah, in Riyadh

The King Fahd Cultural Center witnessed the performance of Zarqa Al Yamamah opera, the first Saudi operatic work. (SPA)
The King Fahd Cultural Center witnessed the performance of Zarqa Al Yamamah opera, the first Saudi operatic work. (SPA)
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Saudi Arabia Hosts its First Opera, Zarqa Al Yamamah, in Riyadh

The King Fahd Cultural Center witnessed the performance of Zarqa Al Yamamah opera, the first Saudi operatic work. (SPA)
The King Fahd Cultural Center witnessed the performance of Zarqa Al Yamamah opera, the first Saudi operatic work. (SPA)

The King Fahd Cultural Center witnessed the performance of Zarqa Al Yamamah opera, the first Saudi operatic work with an international flavor, the Saudi Press Agency said on Friday.
The opera summons the history of defunct nations, to study the reasons for their demise, and provides an interpretation of one of the ancient legends in the Arabian Peninsula.
The opera tells the story of a woman from the Jadis tribe who lived in the pre-Islamic era, in the Yamamah region in the center of the Arabian Peninsula. It's about the dispute that erupted between the Jadis and Tasim tribes, which ended tragically, as Zarqa Al-Yamamah tried to warn her people of the arrival of the enemy, but they did not listen to her.
This operatic work is shaped in a contemporary art form, full of dramatic turns, emotional moments and dramatic events. It presents a different cultural experience full of suspense and touching tragedy.
The opera "Zarqa Al Yamamah" is receiving great local and international attention, as it includes many well-known international names, including Sarah Connolly, Alexandar Stefanovsky, George von Bergen and others. Some promising Saudi talents have also participated in the work, including Khairan Al-Zahrani, Sawsan Al-Bahiti and Rimaz Aqbi.
The opera's art director is Ivan Vukcevich, while the theater director is Daniel Vinzi Paska. Pablo Gonzalez conducts the Dresden Sinfoniker Orchestra with the Czech Philharmonic Choir of Brno.
Some Arabic musical instruments were used in the opera's soundtrack, such as the oud. This has provided a mixture of Western operatic music and Arab music, which represents Saudi culture.


Israel Briefed US on Plan to Evacuate Palestinian Civilians Ahead of Potential Rafah Operation

A Palestinian child stands in front of a building destroyed by Israeli bombing in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip on May 3, 2024, amid the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Hamas movement. (AFP)
A Palestinian child stands in front of a building destroyed by Israeli bombing in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip on May 3, 2024, amid the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Hamas movement. (AFP)
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Israel Briefed US on Plan to Evacuate Palestinian Civilians Ahead of Potential Rafah Operation

A Palestinian child stands in front of a building destroyed by Israeli bombing in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip on May 3, 2024, amid the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Hamas movement. (AFP)
A Palestinian child stands in front of a building destroyed by Israeli bombing in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip on May 3, 2024, amid the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Hamas movement. (AFP)

Israel this week briefed Biden administration officials on a plan to evacuate Palestinian civilians ahead of a potential operation in the southern Gaza city of Rafah aimed at rooting out Hamas fighters, according to US officials familiar with the talks.

The officials, who were not authorized to comment publicly and requested anonymity to speak about the sensitive exchange, said that the plan detailed by the Israelis did not change the US administration’s view that moving forward with an operation in Rafah would put too many innocent Palestinian civilians at risk.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed to carry out a military operation in Rafah despite warnings from President Joe Biden and other western officials that doing so would result in more civilian deaths and worsen an already dire humanitarian crisis.

The Biden administration has said there could be consequences for Israel should it move forward with the operation without a credible plan to safeguard civilians.

“Absent such a plan, we can’t support a major military operation going into Rafah because the damage it would do is beyond what’s acceptable,” US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said late Friday at the Sedona Forum, an event in Arizona hosted by the McCain Institute.

Some 1.5 million Palestinians have sheltered in the southern Gaza city as the territory has been ravaged by the war that began on Oct. 7 after Hamas gunmen attacked Israel, killing 1,200 people and taking about 250 hostages.

The United Nations humanitarian aid agency on Friday said that hundreds of thousands of people would be “at imminent risk of death” if Israel moves forward with the Rafah assault. The border city is a critical entry point for humanitarian aid and is filled with displaced Palestinians, many in densely packed tent camps.

The officials added that the evacuation plan that the Israelis briefed was not finalized and both sides agreed to keep discussing the matter.

White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre told reporters on Friday that no “comprehensive” plan for a potential Rafah operation has been revealed by the Israelis to the White House. The operation, however, has been discussed during recent calls between Biden and Netanyahu as well as during recent virtual talks with top Israeli and US national security officials.

“We want to make sure that those conversations continue because it is important to protect those Palestinian lives — those innocent lives,” Jean-Pierre said.

The revelation of Israel's continued push to carry out a Rafah operation came as CIA director William Burns arrived Friday in Egypt, where negotiators are trying to seal a ceasefire accord between Israel and Hamas.

Hamas is considering the latest proposal for a ceasefire and hostage release put forward by US, Egyptian and Qatari mediators, who are looking to avert the Rafah operation.

They have publicly pressed Hamas to accept the terms of the deal that would lead to an extended ceasefire and an exchange of Israeli hostages taken captive on Oct. 7 and Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails.

Hamas has said it will send a delegation to Cairo in the coming days for further discussions on the offer, though it has not specified when.

Israel, and its allies, have sought to increase pressure on Hamas on the hostage negotiation. Signaling that Israel continues to move forward with its planning for a Rafah operation could be a tactic to nudge the militants to finalize the deal.

Netanyahu said earlier this week that Israeli forces would enter Rafah, which Israel says is Hamas’ last stronghold, regardless of whether a truce-for-hostages deal is struck. His comments appeared to be meant to appease his nationalist governing partners, and it was not clear whether they would have any bearing on any emerging deal with Hamas.

Blinken visited the region, including Israel, this week and called the latest proposal “extraordinarily generous” and said “the time to act is now.”

In Arizona on Friday, Blinken repeated remarks he made earlier this week that "the only thing standing between the people of Gaza and a ceasefire is Hamas.”


Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan Issue Joint Statement on Energy Cooperation

Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan issue joint statement on energy cooperation. (SPA)
Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan issue joint statement on energy cooperation. (SPA)
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Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan Issue Joint Statement on Energy Cooperation

Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan issue joint statement on energy cooperation. (SPA)
Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan issue joint statement on energy cooperation. (SPA)

Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Energy Prince Abdulaziz Bin Salman held a meeting in Baku with the Minister of Energy of Azerbaijan, Parviz Shahbazov, after which a joint statement was issued, the Saudi Press Agency reported on Friday.
SPA published the statement released subsequent to the meeting shedding light on the decisions and discussions ensued:
"The Republic of Azerbaijan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia share a rich historic relationship and aim to further strengthen their ties, as both countries recognize the numerous fruitful opportunities that lie ahead, particularly in the energy sector.
Moreover, our countries are aligned in their objectives and commitments towards the sustainability of and stability of oil markets for achieving an orderly global energy transition, and ambitiously addressing climate change, to achieve a more sustainable future.
Both sides agreed to continue their cooperation within the OPEC Plus Declaration of Cooperation and the Charter of Cooperation between Oil Producing Countries, to support global oil market and stability, which serves the interests of both producing and consuming countries and achieves sustainable economic growth.
Both sides emphasized the importance of enhancing international cooperation in climate action to advance the objectives, principles, and goals of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Paris Agreement, allowing each country to chart its own path based on its national circumstances and approaches through a variety of measures that they can contribute to. Both sides have agreed to cooperate, with the aim of achieving successful, ambitions and comprehensive outcomes at COP29.
The Republic of Azerbaijan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia share common concerns and aspirations regarding ambitious yet balanced and inclusive climate action that takes into account the principles of equity, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in light of national circumstances.
Both sides outlined commitment to advance all viable solutions and technologies that will enable all nations to contribute to global climate action, in a nationally determined manner, while taking into consideration the different national circumstances, pathways and approaches of each country.
COP29 presents an opportunity to underscore the imperative of economic diversification in a manner that aligns with the needs, priorities, and resources of all nations, particularly in the context of promoting sustainable development and poverty eradication and ensuring energy security.
Both sides have been working closely together, with an aim to advance their respective progress in the renewable energy sector, which is yielding promising results. Moreover, they commended the progress and developments of the Kingdom’s successful investment in wind power in Azerbaijan, which is one of the largest foreign investments in Azerbaijan in this area.
Both sides agreed to strengthen the ongoing cooperation in electricity and renewable energy through exchanging knowledge and experiences in electricity interconnection and developing renewable energy projects in both countries.
Both sides recognize the importance of collaboration in the fields of oil, gas, refined products and petrochemicals. They engaged in fruitful discussions regarding the potential for joint investment opportunities, the expansion of bilateral trade.
They emphasized the importance of cooperation in the field of energy efficiency, including energy management systems.
They agreed to collaborate on knowledge exchanging on Low-emission fuels and technologies, including Lower Carbon Aviation Fuels (LCAF), and Hydrogen based Synthetic Aviation Fuel (e-fuel) with the aim of introducing efficient fuels that reduces GHG emissions.
The two countries commended the successful outcomes of the third Joint Technical Committee meeting, which took place during the visit. They highlighted the constructive dialogue and enhanced mutual understanding achieved during the meeting, which provided a comprehensive review of the energy-related aspects of their relations across various fields”.


Senior UN Official Says Northern Gaza Is Now in ‘Full-Blown Famine’

Palestinians line up for free food during the ongoing Israeli air and ground offensive on the Gaza Strip in Rafah, Jan. 9, 2024. (AP)
Palestinians line up for free food during the ongoing Israeli air and ground offensive on the Gaza Strip in Rafah, Jan. 9, 2024. (AP)
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Senior UN Official Says Northern Gaza Is Now in ‘Full-Blown Famine’

Palestinians line up for free food during the ongoing Israeli air and ground offensive on the Gaza Strip in Rafah, Jan. 9, 2024. (AP)
Palestinians line up for free food during the ongoing Israeli air and ground offensive on the Gaza Strip in Rafah, Jan. 9, 2024. (AP)

A top UN official said Friday that hard-hit northern Gaza was now in “full-blown famine" after more than six months of war between Israel and Hamas and severe Israeli restrictions on food deliveries to the Palestinian territory.

Cindy McCain, the American director of the UN World Food Program, became the most prominent international official so far to declare that trapped civilians in the most cut-off part of Gaza had gone over the brink into famine.

“It’s horror," McCain told NBC's “Meet the Press” in an interview to air Sunday. “There is famine — full-blown famine — in the north, and it’s moving its way south."

She said a ceasefire and a greatly increased flow of aid through land and sea routes was essential to confronting the growing humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, home to 2.3 million people.

There was no immediate comment from Israel, which controls entrance into Gaza and says it is beginning to allow in more food and other humanitarian aid through land crossings.

The panel that serves as the internationally recognized monitor for food crises said in March that northern Gaza was on the brink of famine and likely to experience it in May. Since March, northern Gaza had not received anything like the aid needed to stave off famine, a US Agency for International Development humanitarian official for Gaza told The Associated Press. The panel's next update will not come before this summer.

The USAID official said on-the-ground preparations for a new US-led sea route were on track to bring in more food — including treatment for hundreds of thousands of starving children — by early or mid-May. That's when the American military expects to finish building a floating pier to receive the shipments.

Ramping up the delivery of aid on the planned US-backed sea route will be gradual as aid groups test the distribution and security arrangements for relief workers, the USAID official said.

The official spoke on condition of anonymity, citing security concerns accompanying the official's work on conflicts. They were some of the agency’s first comments on the status of preparations for the Biden administration’s $320 million Gaza pier project, for which USAID is helping coordinate on-the-ground security and distribution.

At a factory in rural Georgia on Friday, USAID Administrator Samantha Power pointed to the food crises in Gaza and other parts of the world as she announced a $200 million investment aimed at increasing production of emergency nutritional paste for starving children under 5.

Power spoke to factory workers, peanut farmers and local dignitaries sitting among pallets of the paste at the Mana nonprofit in Fitzgerald. It is one of two factories in the US that produces the nutritional food, which is used in clinical settings and made from ground peanuts, powdered milk, sugar and oil, ready to eat in plastic pouches resembling large ketchup packets.

“This effort, this vision meets the moment,” Power said. "And it could not be more timely, more necessary or more important.”

Under pressure from the US and others, Israeli officials in recent weeks have begun slowly reopening some border crossings for relief shipments.

But aid coming through the sea route, once it's operational, still will serve only a fraction — half a million people — of those who need help in Gaza. Aid organizations including USAID stress that getting more aid through border crossings is essential to staving off famine.

Children under 5 are among the first to die when wars, droughts or other disasters curtail food. Hospital officials in northern Gaza reported the first deaths from hunger in early March and said most of the dead were children.

Power said the UN has called for 400 metric tons of the nutritional paste “in light of the severe hunger that is pervading across Gaza right now, and the severe, acute humanitarian crisis.” USAID expects to provide a quarter of that, she said.

Globally, she said at the Georgia factory, the treatment made there “will save untold lives, millions of lives.”

USAID is coordinating with the World Food Program and other humanitarian partners and governments on security and distribution for the pier project, while US military forces finish building it. President Joe Biden, under pressure to do more to ease the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza as the US provides military support for Israel, announced the project in early March.

US Central Command said in a statement Friday that offshore assembly of the floating pier has been temporarily paused due to high winds and sea swells, which caused unsafe conditions for soldiers. The partially built pier and the military vessels involved have gone to Israel's Port of Ashdod, where the work will continue.

A US official said the high seas will delay the installation for several days, possibly until later next week. The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss operation details, said the pause could last longer if the bad weather continues because military personnel and divers have to get into the water for the final installation.

The struggles this week with the first aid delivery through a newly reopened land corridor into north Gaza underscored the uncertainty about security and the danger still facing relief workers. Israeli settlers blocked the convoy before it crossed Wednesday. Once inside Gaza, the convoy was commandeered by Hamas, before UN officials reclaimed it.

In Gaza, the nutritional treatment for starving children is most urgently needed in the northern part of the Palestinian territory. Civilians have been cut off from most aid supplies, bombarded by Israeli airstrikes and driven into hiding by fighting.

Acute malnutrition rates there among children under 5 have surged from 1% before the war to 30% five months later, the USAID official said. The official called it the fastest such climb in hunger in recent history, more than in grave conflicts and food shortages in Somalia or South Sudan.

One of the few medical facilities still operating in northern Gaza, Kamal Adwan hospital, is besieged by parents bringing in thousands of children with malnutrition for treatment, the official said. Aid officials believe many more starving children remain unseen and in need, with families unable to bring them through fighting and checkpoints for care.

Saving the gravely malnourished children in particular requires both greatly increased deliveries of aid and sustained calm in fighting, the official said, so that aid workers can set up treatment facilities around the territory and families can safely bring children in for the sustained treatment needed.


Saudi Leadership Congratulates President of Poland on Constitution Day

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud and Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister. (SPA)
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud and Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister. (SPA)
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Saudi Leadership Congratulates President of Poland on Constitution Day

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud and Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister. (SPA)
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud and Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister. (SPA)

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud sent on Friday a cable of congratulations to Polish President Andrzej Duda on the occasion of his country's Constitution Day.

King Salman wished the president constant good health and happiness and the government and people of Poland steady progress and prosperity.

Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, sent Duda a similar cable on the occasion.


Malaysia, MWL to Organize International Conference of Asian Religious Leaders

Titled "Promoting Harmony Among Followers of Religions," the conference will take place in Kuala Lumpur. (MWL)
Titled "Promoting Harmony Among Followers of Religions," the conference will take place in Kuala Lumpur. (MWL)
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Malaysia, MWL to Organize International Conference of Asian Religious Leaders

Titled "Promoting Harmony Among Followers of Religions," the conference will take place in Kuala Lumpur. (MWL)
Titled "Promoting Harmony Among Followers of Religions," the conference will take place in Kuala Lumpur. (MWL)

The Malaysian premiership, in partnership with the Mekkah-based Muslim World League (MWL), is set to host on Tuesday the largest international conference for religious leaders in Asia.

Titled "Promoting Harmony Among Followers of Religions," the event, which will take place in Kuala Lumpur, is expected to welcome about 2,000 religious and intellectual figures from 57 countries.

Malaysian Prime Minister Dato' Seri Anwar Bin Ibrahim and MWL Secretary-General and Chairman of the Association of Muslim Scholars Sheikh Dr. Mohammed bin Abdul Karim Al-Issa will sponsor and participate in the event.

The conference will focus on several themes such as pluralism, tolerance, moderation, education, building bridges, and inclusive commonalities.

It aims to highlight the role of religion in promoting worldwide peace, enhancing solidarity among peoples, and exploring ways of civilizational cooperation. It will also launch initiatives based on the "Makkah Declaration" and promote religious values.


Rains in Southern Brazil Kill at Least 37

General view shows an area affected by the floods in Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, May 2, 2024. Jeff Botega/Agencia RBS via REUTERS
General view shows an area affected by the floods in Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, May 2, 2024. Jeff Botega/Agencia RBS via REUTERS
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Rains in Southern Brazil Kill at Least 37

General view shows an area affected by the floods in Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, May 2, 2024. Jeff Botega/Agencia RBS via REUTERS
General view shows an area affected by the floods in Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, May 2, 2024. Jeff Botega/Agencia RBS via REUTERS

Heavy rains in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul killed 37 people, with another 74 still missing, the state civil defense agency said Friday, as record-breaking floods devastated cities and forced thousands to leave their homes.
It was the fourth such environmental disaster in a year, following floods in July, September and November 2023 that killed 75 people in total.
The flooding statewide has surpassed that seen during a historic 1941 deluge, according to the Brazilian Geological Service. In some cities, water levels were at their highest since records began nearly 150 years ago, the agency said.
On Thursday, a dam at a hydroelectric plant between the cities of Bento Goncalves and Cotipora partially collapsed and entire cities in the Taquari River valley, like Lajeado and Estrela, were completely overtaken by water. In the town of Feliz, 50 miles (80 kilometers) from the state capital, Porto Alegre, a massively swollen river swept away a bridge that connected it with the neighboring city of Linha Nova.
Operators reported electricity, communications and water cuts across the state. More than 23,000 people had to leave their homes, according to the civil defense agency.
Without internet, telephone service or electricity, residents struggled to provide updates or information to their relatives living in other states. Helicopters flew continually over the cities while stranded families with children awaited rescue on the rooftops.
The downpour started Monday and is expected to last at least through Saturday, Marcelo Seluchi, chief meteorologist at the National Center for Monitoring and Alerts of Natural Disasters, told Brazil's public television network Friday.
On Thursday night, Gov. Eduardo Leite alerted the state's population — known as gauchos — about the persistence of rains and floods. The situation was expected to worsen in Porto Alegre, he said, according to The Associated Press.
“As a human being, I am devastated inside, just like every gaucho is," he said. "But as governor, I am here steadfast and I guarantee that we will not falter. We are doing everything with focus, attention, discipline, and outrage, to ensure that everything within our reach is done.”


Face of Neanderthal Woman Buried in Iraq Cave Revealed

The recreated head of Neanderthal woman ‘Shanidar Z’ (Jamie Simonds)
The recreated head of Neanderthal woman ‘Shanidar Z’ (Jamie Simonds)
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Face of Neanderthal Woman Buried in Iraq Cave Revealed

The recreated head of Neanderthal woman ‘Shanidar Z’ (Jamie Simonds)
The recreated head of Neanderthal woman ‘Shanidar Z’ (Jamie Simonds)

Archaeologists have reconstructed the human-like face of a Neanderthal woman who lived 75,000 years ago in a cave in northern Iraq where the extinct species may have conducted unique funerary rituals, Britain’s The Independent reported.

Bone fragments of the Neanderthal woman, named Shanidar Z, were first unearthed in 2018 from a cave in Iraqi Kurdistan where her people may have repeatedly returned to lay their dead to rest, said the report.

Although Neanderthal people, who are thought to have died out 40,000 years ago, had skulls quite different from those of humans, the rebuilt face of this Neanderthal woman – thought to have been in her forties when she died – shows that their appearance was human-like.

The findings are revealed in a new documentary, Secrets of the Neanderthals, produced by the BBC and released on Netflix worldwide.

“Neanderthal skulls have huge brow ridges and lack chins, with a projecting midface that results in more prominent noses,” said Dr. Emma Pomeroy, from Cambridge University’s archaeology department. “But the recreated face suggests those differences were not so stark in life.”

She continued: “It’s perhaps easier to see how interbreeding occurred between our species, to the extent that almost everyone alive today still has Neanderthal DNA.”

The woman’s remains, including a skull flattened to around 2cm thick, are some of the best-preserved Neanderthal fossils found this century, The Independent quoted researchers as saying.

Her head is thought to have been crushed, possibly by rockfall, soon after her death, likely after her brain decomposed but before her skull filled with dirt.

After carefully exposing the remains, including her skeleton almost to the waist, Cambridge researchers used a glue-like consolidant to strengthen the bones and surrounding sediment.

They removed Shanidar Z in small foil-wrapped blocks from under 7.5 meters of soil and rock within the heart of the “flower funeral” cave.

They then pieced together more than 200 pieces of her skull to return it to its original shape, including her upper and lower jaws.

“It’s like a high-stakes 3D jigsaw puzzle. A single block can take over a fortnight to process,” said Pomeroy, who features in the new documentary.

The researchers surface-scanned the reconstructed skull and 3D-printed it, further adding layers of fabricated muscle and skin to reveal her face.


China Launches First Probe to Collect Samples from Far Side of Moon

A Long March 5 rocket, carrying the Chang'e-6 mission lunar probe, lifts off as it rains at the Wenchang Space Launch Centre in southern China's Hainan Province on May 3, 2024. (Photo by Hector RETAMAL / AFP)
A Long March 5 rocket, carrying the Chang'e-6 mission lunar probe, lifts off as it rains at the Wenchang Space Launch Centre in southern China's Hainan Province on May 3, 2024. (Photo by Hector RETAMAL / AFP)
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China Launches First Probe to Collect Samples from Far Side of Moon

A Long March 5 rocket, carrying the Chang'e-6 mission lunar probe, lifts off as it rains at the Wenchang Space Launch Centre in southern China's Hainan Province on May 3, 2024. (Photo by Hector RETAMAL / AFP)
A Long March 5 rocket, carrying the Chang'e-6 mission lunar probe, lifts off as it rains at the Wenchang Space Launch Centre in southern China's Hainan Province on May 3, 2024. (Photo by Hector RETAMAL / AFP)

China launched a probe on Friday to collect samples from the far side of the Moon, a world first as Beijing pushes ahead with an ambitious program that aims to send a crewed lunar mission by 2030.

A rocket carrying the Chang'e-6 lunar probe blasted off from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in southern China's Hainan province just before 5:30 pm (0930 GMT), AFP journalists near the site said.

Heavy rain engulfed the site just minutes before the launch began, they said, with hundreds of onlookers gathered nearby to witness the latest leap for China's decades-long space program.

Washington has warned that the program is being used to mask military objectives and an effort to establish dominance in space.

The Chang'e-6 aims to collect around two kilograms of lunar samples from the far side of the Moon and bring them back to Earth for analysis.

State news agency Xinhua hailed it as "the first endeavor of its kind in the history of human lunar exploration".

It is a technically complex 53-day mission that will also see it attempt an unprecedented launch from the side of the Moon that always faces away from Earth.

"The whole mission is fraught with numerous challenges, with each step interconnected and nerve-wracking," Wang Qiong, deputy chief designer of the Chang'e-6 mission, told Xinhua.

The probe is set to land in the immense South Pole-Aitken Basin, one of the largest known impact craters in the solar system.

Once there, it will scoop up lunar soil and rocks, and carry out other experiments in the landing zone.

It must then lift off from the Moon's surface and retrace its steps back home.