Typewriters are Still Thriving in Bolivia

AFP file photo showing a broken typewriter symbolically displayed outside Istanbul's courthouse on September 30, 2021 during a retrial of Reporters Without Borders (RSF) representative in Turkey on charges of making terror propaganda for Kurdish militants in Istanbul.
AFP file photo showing a broken typewriter symbolically displayed outside Istanbul's courthouse on September 30, 2021 during a retrial of Reporters Without Borders (RSF) representative in Turkey on charges of making terror propaganda for Kurdish militants in Istanbul.
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Typewriters are Still Thriving in Bolivia

AFP file photo showing a broken typewriter symbolically displayed outside Istanbul's courthouse on September 30, 2021 during a retrial of Reporters Without Borders (RSF) representative in Turkey on charges of making terror propaganda for Kurdish militants in Istanbul.
AFP file photo showing a broken typewriter symbolically displayed outside Istanbul's courthouse on September 30, 2021 during a retrial of Reporters Without Borders (RSF) representative in Turkey on charges of making terror propaganda for Kurdish militants in Istanbul.

Rogelio Condori clicks on his typewriter with his eyes focused on the paper. He has been working for around 40 years, in La Paz, in typing different types of papers, from administrative documents to love letters.

According to a report by Agence France Press (AFP), the 61-year-old man sits every day in the same place since 1985, in a crowded street in the Bolivian capital, wearing an elegant suit and a hat, with his Brother Deluxe vintage typewriter made in 1974.

“We still type many documents including tax forms and inheritance papers using the typewriter because they are not available online,” the typist said from behind a full-face plastic mask he wears to protect himself from the covid-19 infection.

Condori, who often types administrative paperwork, and love letters in some cases, charges his clients five to seven bolivianos (about $1) per page.

The old typist still recalls when he helped a man save his marriage by writing a letter to his wife in which he said: “My love... let our years together not be in vain. Please reconsider our situation.”

“He didn’t tell his wife that it was me who wrote the letter, but he came back later to tell me that the mission was accomplished,” he explains while laughing.

Two other typists come every morning and sit behind their small portable desks on the sidewalk next to Rogelio Condori.

Condori recently set up an office complete with internet and a computer, but he much prefers his "exciting" sidewalk perch.

In Bolivia, much administrative paperwork is unavailable online and must instead be submitted in typed form. About 60 percent of Bolivians have internet access, but connections are often slow.

“Typewriters are easier to use, and they are fast,” Rogelio said.

Marisol Poma, 39, became a typist eight years ago, and has a little office near Rogelio. “When kids see the typewriter, they ask their mothers what this small, square thing is,” she said laughing. Among the typists’ clients are young men and women, elderlies, students, employees, farmers, and retirees.

"I have not had good experiences with accountants and lawyers. On top of that, they charge a lot, while typists give their advice for free, " said Lazario Cucho, a 56-year-old farmer who has used Condori's services.

For her part, Nancy Vargas, one of Rogelio’s clients, prefers the clarity of computers, but chooses the practicality of the typewriter.

Wearing a loose-fitting skirt similar to traditional Andean clothing and a hat, the 40-year-old farmer was dictating to Rogelio a correspondence she wanted to submit to the bank to request a loan.

At 3:00 pm, Condori packs his mobile desk onto a cart, which he pushes to a nearby warehouse where it will stay overnight.

“I think this typewriting thing will continue. But in case it becomes extinct, I will die happy because I accomplished my mission,” said Condori of his craft.



How a Viral, Duct-Taped Banana Came to Be Worth $1 Million

Artist Maurizio Cattelan's piece of art "Comedian" hangs on display during an auction preview at Sotheby's in New York, Monday, Nov. 11, 2024. (AP)
Artist Maurizio Cattelan's piece of art "Comedian" hangs on display during an auction preview at Sotheby's in New York, Monday, Nov. 11, 2024. (AP)
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How a Viral, Duct-Taped Banana Came to Be Worth $1 Million

Artist Maurizio Cattelan's piece of art "Comedian" hangs on display during an auction preview at Sotheby's in New York, Monday, Nov. 11, 2024. (AP)
Artist Maurizio Cattelan's piece of art "Comedian" hangs on display during an auction preview at Sotheby's in New York, Monday, Nov. 11, 2024. (AP)

Walk into any supermarket and you can generally buy a banana for less than $1. But a banana duct-taped to a wall? That might sell for more than $1 million at an upcoming auction at Sotheby’s in New York.

The yellow banana fixed to the white wall with silver duct tape is a work entitled "Comedian," by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan. It first debuted in 2019 as an edition of three fruits at the Art Basel Miami Beach fair, where it became a much-discussed sensation.

Was it a prank? A commentary on the state-of-the-art world? Another artist took the banana off the wall and ate it. A backup banana was brought in. Selfie-seeking crowds became so thick, "Comedian" was withdrawn from view, but three editions of it sold for between $120,000 and $150,000, according to Perrotin gallery.

Now, the conceptual artwork has an estimated value of between $1 million and $1.5 million at Sotheby's auction on Nov. 20. Sotheby's head of contemporary art, David Galperin, calls it profound and provocative.

"What Cattelan is really doing is turning a mirror to the contemporary art world and asking questions, provoking thought about how we ascribe value to artworks, what we define as an artwork," Galperin said.

Bidders won't be buying the same fruit that was on display in Miami. Those bananas are long gone. Sotheby’s says the fruit always was meant to be replaced regularly, along with the tape.

"What you buy when you buy Cattelan’s ‘Comedian’ is not the banana itself, but a certificate of authenticity that grants the owner the permission and authority to reproduce this banana and duct tape on their wall as an original artwork by Maurizio Cattelan," Galperin said.

The very title of the piece suggests Cattelan himself likely didn't intend for it to be taken seriously. But Chloé Cooper Jones, an associate professor at the Columbia University School of the Arts, said it is worth thinking about the context.

Cattelan premiered the work at an art fair, visited by well-off art collectors, where "Comedian" was sure to get a lot of attention on social media. That might mean the art constituted a dare, of sorts, to the collectors to invest in something absurd, she said.

If "Comedian" is just a tool for understanding the insular, capitalist, art-collecting world, Cooper Jones said, "it’s not that interesting of an idea."

But she thinks it might go beyond poking fun at rich people.

Cattelan is often thought of as a "trickster artist," she said. "But his work is often at the intersection of the sort of humor and the deeply macabre. He’s quite often looking at ways of provoking us, not just for the sake of provocation, but to ask us to look into some of the sort of darkest parts of history and of ourselves."

And there is a dark side to the banana, a fruit with a history entangled with imperialism, labor exploitation and corporate power.

"It would be hard to come up with a better, simple symbol of global trade and all of its exploitations than the banana," Cooper Jones said. If "Comedian" is about making people think about their moral complicity in the production of objects they take for granted, then it's "at least a more useful tool or it’s at least an additional sort of place to go in terms of the questions that this work could be asking," she said.

"Comedian" hits the block around the same time that Sotheby's is also auctioning one of the famed paintings in the "Water Lilies" series by the French impressionist Claude Monet, with an expected value of around $60 million.

When asked to compare Cattelan's banana to a classic like Monet's "Nymphéas," Galperin says impressionism was not considered art when the movement began.

"No important, profound, meaningful artwork of the past 100 years or 200 years, or our history for that matter, did not provoke some kind of discomfort when it was first unveiled," Galperin said.