Eastern, Northern 'Green Corridors' to Connect India with Gulf, Europe

First day of G20 summit meeting in New Delhi (API)
First day of G20 summit meeting in New Delhi (API)
TT

Eastern, Northern 'Green Corridors' to Connect India with Gulf, Europe

First day of G20 summit meeting in New Delhi (API)
First day of G20 summit meeting in New Delhi (API)

Economists said the Green Corridors project will link India, the Middle East, and Europe, boost economic relations, increase efficiency, ease trade exchange, and develop supply chains and logistics.

It will also contribute to revitalizing and developing new economic activities along the corridor.

On Saturday, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman announced a memorandum of understanding to establish intercontinental "green corridors" linking India, the Middle East, and Europe.

Economic advisor and head of the Joatha Consulting Center, Ihsan Buhulaiga, said the economic corridor represents a global partnership with multiple pillars for communication linking India, the Middle East, and Europe.

Buhulaiga explained to Asharq Al-Awsat that the project consists of two economic corridors: an eastern one connecting India with the Arabian Gulf region and a northern one linking the Arabian Gulf region with Europe.

The project will connect the three regions through advanced communication infrastructure, strengthening the economic relationship and enabling access to goods, energy, and data for individuals and companies.

The expert pointed out that the project includes integrating several railway lines and ports, starting from India and passing through Saudi Arabia, the Arabian Gulf, and Europe, which leads to the development of supply chains and logistics services and the smooth transportation of goods between these countries.

It will also contribute to the development of energy infrastructure and, enable the production and transportation of green hydrogen, enhance communication and data transfer by constructing a new cable that extends under the sea and connects the countries.

He confirmed Saudi Arabia's readiness and support for such projects, pointing out that the Kingdom launched, in mid-2021, the National Transport and Logistics Strategy.

The Kingdom is on its way to becoming the largest producer of green hydrogen, with Neom preparing to produce up to 600 tonnes per day of carbon-free hydrogen by the end of 2026.

Economic analyst and logistics expert Fahd al-Thunayan believes that the economic corridor will support the logistics network sector, the backbone of economies.

Thunayan described investments in transportation infrastructure as huge investments that need the support and solidarity of governments, explaining that the world needs to establish such corridors for the global economy.

Converting to renewable energy comes within the framework of the economic corridor project, said the expert, noting that it would contribute to supporting the private sector.

He noted that it would help the sector move forward with these projects, raise their economic feasibility, create new and extensive opportunities for improvement, sustainability, and development, and enhance cooperation between countries to serve the common interests of the global economy.

Furthermore, the former senior adviser to the Saudi Ministry of Energy, Mohammad al-Sabban, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the economic corridor is essential for the region and all countries it will pass through.

The project will link trade between regions and the countries it will pass through, Sabban said, adding that it would promote trade exchange and revitalize new economic activities along the economic corridor.

He explained that the project would help develop and promote electricity and clean hydrogen transmission through infrastructure cables and lines and in the construction of railways linking the areas it will pass through.

It would also help develop the digital economy through connectivity and digital transmission of data through fiber optic cables.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
TT

Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.